血清同型半胱氨酸及超敏C反应蛋白水平与老年原发性高血压患者颈动脉粥样硬化程度的关系研究

目的:探讨血清同型半胱氨酸(Hcy)及超敏C反应蛋白(hs-CRP)水平与老年原发性高血压患者颈动脉粥样硬化程度的关系。方法:选择我院于2015年5月至2017年10月收治的141例老年原发性高血压患者作为研究对象。检测所有患者颈动脉内膜-中层厚度(IMT),并根据IMT将其分为正常组(IMT≤1.0 mm,n=28)、增厚组(1.0 mmIMT1.5 mm,n=53)和斑块组(IMT≥1.5 mm,n=60)。比较三组患者血清Hcy、hs-CRP、总胆固醇(TC)及低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(LDL-C)水平,采用Pearson相关分析四项指标与IMT的相关性,采用多元线性逐步回归分析IMT增厚的影响因素。结果:增厚组与斑块组血清Hcy、hs-CRP、TC、LDL-C水平均明显高于正常组,且斑块组血清Hcy、hs-CRP、TC、LDL-C水平明显高于增厚组,差异具有统计学意义(均P0.05)。Pearson相关分析结果表明,血清Hcy、hs-CRP、TC、LDL-C水平均与IMT呈正相关关系(r=0.775、0.836、0.492、0.415,均P0.05)。多元线性逐步回归分析结果显示,血清Hcy、hs-CRP均为IMT增厚的独立危险因素(OR=5.689、7.381,均P0.05)。结论:老年原发性高血压患者颈动脉粥样硬化程度与血清Hcy、hs-CRP关系密切,临床上检测其Hcy、hs-CRP水平可在一定程度上评估颈动脉粥样硬化程度。     

原发性高血压患者动态动脉硬化指数与颈动脉粥样硬化及早期肾损害的相关性研究

目的:探讨原发性高血压(EH)患者动态动脉硬化指数(AASI)与颈动脉粥样硬化及早期肾损害的相关性。方法:选取2017年6月～2018年5月期间我院收治的147例EH患者记为EH组,根据患者颈动脉内中膜厚度(IMT)的不同,将IMT≥1.0 mm的患者记为颈动脉硬化组(n=78),IMT1.0 mm的患者记为无颈动脉硬化组(n=69);根据患者尿微量白蛋白(MAU)水平的不同,将MAU水平为0～30 mg/24 h的患者记为MAU正常组(n=86),MAU水平为30～300 mg/24 h的患者记为MAU升高组(n=61)。另选取同期于我院进行体检的健康志愿者60例记为对照组。比较EH组与对照组临床资料,比较EH患者中颈动脉硬化组、无颈动脉硬化组的AASI、颈动脉弹性功能参数,比较MAU正常组、MAU升高组的AASI、肾功能指标,采用Pearson相关性分析分析EH患者AASI与颈动脉粥样硬化及早期肾损害的相关性。结果:EH组吸烟人数、糖尿病人数、收缩压、舒张压、IMT、AASI、MAU显著高于对照组(P0.05)。颈动脉硬化组AASI、血管压力应变弹性系数(Ep)、硬度指数均显著高于无颈动脉硬化组(P0.05),血管顺应性(AC)明显低于无颈动脉硬化组(P0.05)。MAU升高组AASI显著高于MAU正常组(P0.05),PRO显著低于MAU正常组(P0.05);而MAU升高组与MAU正常组肾小球滤过率(GFR)、肌酐清除率(CCr)比较差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。经Pearson相关性分析显示,EH患者中AASI与IMT、MAU、Ep、硬度指数均呈正相关性(P0.05),与PRO、AC呈负相关(P0.05),与GFR、CCr无相关性(P0.05)。结论:EH患者AASI与颈动脉粥样硬化及早期肾损害情况关系密切,临床可通过监测AASI,以尽早了解患者心血管事件发生风险及靶器官损伤程度。     

老年原发性高血压患者血清SF、hs-CRP、Hcy、Cys C水平及血脂指标与颈动脉内膜中层厚度的相关性研究

目的:研究老年原发性高血压(EH)患者血清铁蛋白(SF)、超敏C反应蛋白(hs-CRP)、同型半胱氨酸(Hcy)、胱抑素C(Cys C)水平及血脂指标与颈动脉内膜中层厚度(IMT)的相关性。方法:选择从2016年6月到2018年1月在广州军区广州总医院心血管内科接受治疗的100例老年EH患者作为研究对象。根据颈动脉的IMT值将患者分为斑块形成组(IMT≥1.3 mm)30例、IMT增厚组(1.0 mmIMT1.3 mm)42例、IMT正常组(IMT≤1.0 mm)28例,对比各组血脂指标以及血清SF、hs-CRP、Hcy、Cys C水平,分析IMT与血脂指标及SF、hs-CRP、Hcy、Cys C的相关性,并分析IMT增厚的危险因素。结果:斑块形成组和IMT增厚组的总胆固醇(TC)和低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(LDL-C)水平明显高于IMT正常组(P0.05),且斑块形成组又高于IMT增厚组(P0.05)。斑块形成组和IMT增厚组的血清SF、hs-CRP、Hcy及Cys C水平明显高于IMT正常组(P0.05),且斑块形成组又高于IMT增厚组(P0.05)。根据Spearman相关性分析显示,老年EH患者IMT与SF、hs-CRP、Hcy、Cys C、TC及LDL-C均呈正相关(P0.05)。根据Logistic回归分析结果显示,SF、hs-CRP、Hcy、Cys C均是老年EH患者IMT增厚的危险因素(P0.05)。结论:血脂指标中TC、LDL-C及血清SF、hs-CRP、Hcy、Cys C水平与老年EH患者颈动脉IMT密切相关,且SF、hs-CRP、Hcy、Cys C是IMT增厚的危险因素。     

老年高血压患者的动态脉压与冠心病并发症及颈动脉粥样硬化的关系研究

目的:探讨老年高血压患者的动态脉压(PP)与冠心病并发症及颈动脉粥样硬化的关系。方法:选取2010年5月至2013年6月在我院就诊的老年性高血压病患者328例,168例单纯性老年高血压患者设为高血压组,160例合并有冠心病的老年性高血压患者设为高血压合并冠心病组。根据厚度(IMT)是否增大将高血压组分为IMT增厚组94例和IMT正常组74例。对动态血压及颈动脉IMT进行测定。结果:与高血压组相比,高血压合并冠心病组的24 hAPP、dPP、nPP等指标以及24 hASBP、nSBP等指标均显著提高;而24hADBP、dDBP、nDBP等指标则明显下降;高血压合并冠心病组24hA PP艹60 mm Hg的发生率为57.50%,明显高于高血压组的39.29%;IMT增厚组患者的24hA PP、dPP及nPP水平均明显高于IMT正常组;艹60 mmHg组共89例,IMT为1.14±0.23 mm,明显高于60 mmHg组79例的平均厚度0.93±0.12 mm(P0.05)。结论:老年高血压患者的动态脉压在冠心病并发症及颈动脉粥样硬化预测方面具有显著的优越性。     

高血压患者颈动脉粥样硬化与血脂、血压和血尿酸水平的相关性分析

目的:探讨高血压患者颈动脉粥样硬化(CAS)与血脂、血压以及血尿酸水平的相关性。方法:选择2017年2月至2018年8月在我院就诊的高血压患者117例作为研究组,另选择同期在我院进行体检的健康志愿者50例作为对照组。采用彩色多普勒超声诊断仪测定所有受试者的颈动脉内中膜厚度(IMT),并根据研究组患者的颈动脉IMT将其分为斑块组(IMT≥1.3 mm,33例)、IMT增厚组(1.0 mm≤IMT1.3 mm,49例)和IMT正常组(IMT1.0 mm,35例)。比较研究组与对照组受试者IMT,同时分别比较研究组与对照组受试者以及不同IMT高血压患者平均收缩压(SBP)、平均舒张压(DBP)、血清总胆固醇(TC)、甘油三酯(TG)、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(LDL-C)、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇(HDL-C)以及尿酸水平,并采用Pearson相关性分析法分析高血压患者IMT与各指标的相关性。结果:与对照组比较,研究组IMT、SBP、DBP、TC、TG、LDL-C、血尿酸水平升高,HDL-C水平降低,差异均有统计学意义(P0.05)。斑块组患者SBP、DBP、TC、TG、LDL-C、血尿酸水平高于IMT增厚组和IMT正常组,HDL-C水平低于IMT增厚组和IMT正常组,差异均有统计学意义(P0.05);IMT增厚组患者SBP、DBP、TC、TG、LDL-C、血尿酸水平高于IMT正常组,HDL-C水平低于IMT正常组,差异均有统计学意义(P0.05)。Pearson相关性分析显示,高血压患者的IMT与SBP、DBP、TC、TG、LDL-C、血尿酸均呈正相关,与HDL-C呈负相关(P0.05)。结论:高血压患者IMT与血脂、血压和血尿酸水平均有明显相关性,血压、血脂、血尿酸参与了高血压患者CAS的发生与发展。     

H 型高血压患者血清Hcy、Cyst-C及UA水平变化及其在颈动脉粥样硬 化中的预测价值

目的:探讨H型高血压患者血清同型半胱氨酸(Hcy)、尿酸(UA)及胱抑素C(Cyst-C)水平对颈动脉粥样硬化发生的预测价值。方法:本研究于2014年5月~2015年5月期间,选择我院收治确诊为H型高血压患者163例为研究对象,根据其颈动脉内膜中层厚度(c IMT)的不同分为c IMT正常组(51例)、c IMT增厚组(54例)和颈动脉斑块组(58例)。检测并比较三组间性别、年龄、血清Hcy、Cyst-C、UA、血糖(GLU)、血脂、血尿素氮(Bun)、血肌酐(Scr)水平,分析其与颈动脉c IMT的关系,并采用logistic回归分析颈动脉粥样硬化的影响因素。结果:三组间HDL-C、Hcy、Cyst-C、UA水平比较,差异均存在统计学意义(均P0.05);c IMT与Hcy、Cyst-C、UA均呈现正相关关系(r=0.23,0.32,0.30;P0.05),与HDL-C水平呈现负相关关系(r=-0.410,P0.05);Logistic回归分析显示Hcy、Cyst-C、UA水平是颈动脉粥样硬化危险因素(OR=1.203,6.395,1.023;均P0.05)。结论:H型高血压患者血清Hcy、Cyst-C及UA水平均与c IMT正相关,是导致颈动脉粥样硬化的独立危险因素,可用于临床早期预测动脉粥样硬化发生与发展。     

妇科盆腔恶性肿瘤血常规检测结果分析

目的:了解妇科盆腔恶性肿瘤血常规变化及其临床意义。方法:以无锡市人民医院2018年1月～2019年3月收治的90例妇科盆腔恶性肿瘤患者作为病例组,同期住院的243例确诊为盆腔良性病变或妊娠状态的患者作为良性对照组,选取同期717名接受体检的成年女性作为健康对照组,对三组研究对象的血常规指标进行回顾性分析。结果:与健康对照组比较,良性对照组和病例组患者的嗜酸性粒细胞百分比(EO)、嗜酸性粒细胞计数(EO#)、红细胞压积(HCT)、血红蛋白水平(HGB)、淋巴细胞百分比(LY)、淋巴细胞计数(LY#)、红细胞平均血红蛋白浓度(MCHC)、血小板分布宽度(PDW)、红细胞计数(RBC)水平降低,单核细胞计数(MO#)、血小板平均体积(MPV)、中性粒细胞百分比(NE)、中性粒细胞计数(NE#)、红细胞分布宽度(RDW)、白细胞计数(WBC)水平升高;病例组患者EO、EO#、LY、LY#、MO#、MPV水平低于良性对照组,HCT、HBG、MCHC、PDW、NE、NE#、RDW水平高于良性对照组,同时,病例组患者的红细胞平均血红蛋白含量(MCH)、红细胞平均体积(MCV)水平高于健康对照组,健康对照组的MCH、MCV水平高于良性对照组,良性对照组患者的单核细胞百分比(MO)、血小板压积(PCT)水平高于健康对照组,健康对照组的MO、PCT水平高于病例组,差异均有统计学意义(P0.05)。Logistic多元回归分析结果显示,LY#、MO#、MCHC、RDW、MCH、MCV与盆腔恶性肿瘤的发生具有相关性(P0.05)。ROC曲线分析结果显示,在各项血常规指标中,MCV诊断妇产科盆腔恶性肿瘤的曲线下面积(AUC)最高,为0.683。结论:盆腔恶性肿瘤患者的血常规指标与良性病变患者和健康人群均存在差异,部分指标与恶性肿瘤的发生具有独立相关性。     

老年代谢综合征患者颈动脉内膜中层厚度与血管内皮功能及血管粘附因子-1的相关性

目的:探讨老年代谢综合征(MS)患者颈动脉内膜中层厚度(IMT)与血管内皮功能及血管粘附因子-1(VCAM-1)的相关性。方法:选取2013年1月~2014年10月我院收治的50例MS患者分为老年组(n=25)和中青年组(n=25),又根据IMT分为正常组和增厚组两个亚组。比较老年组和中青年组患者的临床资料,采用放射免疫分析法检测所有患者内皮素-1(ET-1)水平,采用分光光度计间接比色法检测一氧化氮(NO)水平,采用ELISA法检测VCAM-1水平,采用超声诊断仪检测IMT。结果:老年MS组和中青年MS组临床资料比较,差异均无统计学意义(均P0.05);MS患者IMT增厚组的NO水平均低于IMT正常组,而ET-1和VCAM-1水平均高于IMT正常组,比较差异有统计学意义(均P0.05)。IMT增厚组间比较,老年MS组的NO水平低于中青年MS组,VCAM-1水平高于中青年MS组,比较差异均有统计学意义(P0.05);老年MS组和中青年MS组的IMT与NO水平呈负相关(r=-0.415,-0.411;P=0.043,0.049),与ET-1和VCAM-1水平呈正相关(r=0.585,0.576;P=0.030,0.036;r=0.547,0.552;P=0.033,0.031)。结论:血管内皮功能障碍和动脉粥样硬化等多重因素促进了MS患者IMT增厚中病理过程的发生和发展。     

Hcy, hs-CRP与急性脑梗死患者颈动脉粥样硬化关系的研究

目的:探讨急性脑梗死患者血清同型半胱氨酸(Hcy)、超敏C反应蛋白(hs-CRP)与颈动脉粥样硬化的相关性及临床意义。方法:收集确诊为急性脑梗死患者90例,对患者进行颈动脉超声检查,根据颈动脉狭窄程度将患者分成颈动脉内膜正常组、轻度狭窄组、中-重度狭窄组。比较三组患者斑块检出率、Hcy、hs-CRP水平和IMT厚度,同时对Hcy、hs-CRP与IMT进行相关性分析。结果:中-重度狭窄组斑块检出率为86.4%,显著高于轻度狭窄组和颈动脉内膜正常组(P0.05);颈动脉内膜正常组Hcy、hs-CRP水平以及IMT厚度均显著低于颈动脉轻度狭窄组、中-重度狭窄组(P0.05);hs-CRP与IMT呈正相关(r=0.71,P0.05);Hcy与IMT呈正相关(r=0.79,P0.05)。结论:血清Hcy和hs-CRP水平与颈动脉粥样硬化程度密切相关,Hcy、hs-CRP联合检测对急性脑梗死的早期诊断和预后有着重要临床意义。     

阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停低通气综合征患者MPV、PDW、RDW的相关性及其临床意义

目的:探讨阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停低通气综合征(OSAHS)患者的平均血小板体积(MPV)、血小板分布宽度(PDW)、红细胞分布宽度(RDW)的相关性及其临床意义。方法:选取2016年4月-2018年4月我院收治的OSAHS患者105例,对所有入组患者的诊疗资料、检查数据进行综合性的整理与分析。将所有入组的OSAHS患者按呼吸暂停通气不足指数(AHI)分成轻中度组45例(5次/h≤AHI30次/h)和重度组60例(AHI≥30次/h)。观察比较两组的AHI指数、脉搏氧饱和度低于90%(TSpO_290%)时间及最低血氧饱和度(LSaO_2),比较两组的MPV、PDW及RDW表达情况并探讨AHI与MPV、PDW及RDW之间的相关性。结果:重度组AHI、TSpO_290%时间高于轻中度组,差异有统计学意义(P0.05);重度组LSaO_2低于轻中度组,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。重度组MPV、PDW显著高于轻中度组,差异有统计学意义(P0.05);重度组RDW表达水平略高于轻中度组,但差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。相关性分析结果显示,AHI与MPV、PDW之间存在正相关性(r=0.601,0.587;P=0.021,0.030),AHI与RDW之间不存在相关性(r=0.024,P=0.071)。结论:OSAHS患者的病情发展情况与MPV、PDW之间存在独立的正相关性,但是与RDW之间不存在相关性。     

白蚁与动物及微生物的共生类型及其机制

综述了白蚁螱客的主要种类、共生关系及相关机制的研究进展。白蚁螱客中,已报道的动物种类达170种。在与动物的共生关系中存在偏利共生（宾主共栖和异种共栖）、互利共生和无关共生三种;在与微生物的共生关系中,存在与内生菌（原生动物、细菌、真菌和放线菌）和外生菌（蚁巢伞菌等）间的互利关系。指出了白蚁与螱客研究中存在的问题,给出了解决方案,并提出了今后可能的研究热点或方向,为白蚁的综合利用（如纤维素酶）及今后研究物种间的协同进化提供了基础资料。     

Relative and combined effects of ethanol and protein deficiency on strontium and barium bone content and fecal and urinary excretion

To elucidate accumulation of minerals in human iliac arteries with aging, the content of minerals was analyzed by inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometry. Bilateral common, internal, and external iliac arteries of 16 men and 8 women, ranging ages from 65 to 93 yr, were examined. It was found that an extremely high accumulation of calcium and phosphorus occurred in the common iliac artery at old age, being higher than that of the internal and external iliac arteries. It should be noted that the accumulation of calcium and phosphorus is the highest in the common iliac artery among the human arteries examined to date. Regarding sexual differences, the content of calcium and phosphorus in the common and internal iliac arteries was higher in women than in men, whereas their content in the external iliac artery was lower in women than in men.     

New amino-dithiaphospholanes and phosphoramidodithioites and their rhodium and iridium complexes

New sulfur derivatives of phosphoramidite ligands were synthesized and the impact of the sulfur unit on the spectroscopic properties of their rhodium and iridium complexes was investigated. The new ligands Bn₂NPSCH₂CH₂S^a(P-S^a) (Bn = benzyl, 4), Bn₂NPSCHCHS^a(CH₂)₃C^aH₂(P-S^a)(C^a-S^a) (6) and Bn₂NP(4-XC₆H₄OMe)₂ (X = S, 7a; X = O, 7b) were converted to the rhodium and iridium complexes trans-[Rh(CO)Cl(L)₂] (L = 4, 6, 7), [RhCl(COD)(L)] (L = 4, 6, 7), [IrCl(COD)(7a)] and [IrCl₂Cp∗(6)]. For comparison, some phosphoramidite complexes of these formulations also were synthesized. The new metal complexes were spectroscopically analyzed. For the carbonyl complexes, the ν_CO IR stretching frequencies were lower than for the corresponding phosphite and phosphoramidite ligands. The ¹J_PRh coupling constants for the rhodium complexes with the new ligands were also smaller than for the respective phosphoramidite and phosphite complexes. Finally, the ¹J_PSe coupling constants of the selenides of the new ligands were lower than those of the phosphoramidite ligands but higher than for PPh₃. The spectroscopic data reveal that the new thio ligands 4, 6 and 7a are more electron donating than phosphites and phosphoramidites but less electron donating than PPh₃.     

Astrocytes and Synaptosomes Transport and Metabolize Lactate and Acetate Differently

Astrocytes transport the monocarboxylate acetate, but synaptosomes do not. The reason for this is unknown, because both preparations express monocarboxylate transporters (MCT). The transport and metabolism of lactate, another monocarboxylate, was examined in these two preparations, and the results were compared to those for acetate. Lactate transport is more rapid in astrocytes than in synaptosomes, but of lower affinity (Kms of 17 and 4 mM, respectively). Lactate (0.2 mM) is metabolized to CO2 more rapidly in synaptosomes than in astrocytes (rates of 0.37 and 0.07 nmol x mg protein(-1) x min(-1), respectively). The reason for this is unclear, but cellular differences in lactate dehydrogenase isotype expression may be involved. Acetate is metabolized to CO2 more rapidly in astrocytes than in synaptosomes (rates of 0.43 and 0.02 nmol x mg protein(-1) x min(-1), respectively). This is likely due to cellular differences in the expression of monocarboxylate transporter subtypes.     

Rapporteur report: Basics and technology and metrology and standards

The first and second sessions of the Workshop focussed on the basics of ultrasound and infrasound, their applications in both industry and medicine, and metrology and protection standards for ultrasound applications.     

Prostaglandin and thromboxane production by human and guinea-pig macrophages and leucocytes

The ability of partially purified human and guinea-pig haematogenous cell populations, when cultured in vitro, to metabolise arachidonic acid (AA) has been studied. Supernatants from 24 hour cell culture have been subjected to analysis for products of AA metabolism by gas chromatography with electron-capture detection.The cell types studied were human peripheral blood monocytes (both glass adherent and non-adherent), neutrophils, eosinophils and leukemic leucocytes; thoracic duct lymphocytes and lung alveolar macrophages. From the guinea-pig, induced and non-induced macrophage or neutrophil enriched peritoneal exudate populations, lymph node cells, peritoneal eosinophils and peripheral blood platelets were examined. Supernatants were assayed for the presence of PGE₂, PGD₂, PGF_2α, TXB₂ and 6-keto-PGF_1α. In all types studied PGE₂ and TXB₂ were the major products formed. The identification of PGE₂ and TXB₂ was confirmed by GC/MS with multiple ion monitoring.The results have been compared with other reports and their possible significance discussed in relation to the proposed role of prostaglandins as mediators and modulators in immunopathology.     

Cytoskeleton and mitochondrial morphology and function

It has been well established that the cytoskeleton is an essential modulator of cell morphology and motility, intracytoplasmic transport and mitosis, however cytoskeletal linkage to the organelles has not been unequivocally demonstrated. Indeed, cytoskeleton appears to be essential in determining and modulating gene phenotype as a function of cellular environment. According to recent studies, the organization of the cytoskeleton network together with associated protein(s) could be essential in regulating mitochondrial function and particularly the permeability of the mitochondrial outer membrane to ADP. The aim of this chapter is to summarize the main properties of the cytoskeletal environment of mitochondria and the possible role(s) of this network in mitochondrial function in myocytes.     

Cross-reactivity between storage and dust mites and between mites and shrimp

Many patients have sensitivities to multiple species of storage and house dust mites. It is not clear if this is because patients have multiple sensitivities to species-specific mite allergens or if these mites share many cross-reacting allergens. Our objective was to further define the cross-allergenicity between several species of storage and house dust mites using crossed-immunoelectrophoresis (CIE), crossed-radioimmunoelectrophoresis (CRIE), immunoblotting, and ELISA. CIE and CRIE reactions revealed that storage mites shared two cross-antigenic molecules and one of these bound IgE in a serum pool from mite allergic patients. Antibody in anti-sera built to each species of mite recognized many SDS–PAGE resolved proteins of other mite species and this suggested the potential for other cross-reactive allergens. Among patient sera, IgE bound to many different proteins but few had IgE that bound to a protein with common molecular weights across the mite species and this suggested mostly species-specific allergens. Antiserum built to each mite species precipitated one protein in shrimp extracts that bound anti-Der p 10 (tropomyosin) and IgE in the serum pool. Anti-Der p 10 showed strong binding to shrimp tropomyosin but very little to any of the mite proteins. ELISA showed the mite extracts contained very little tropomyosin. The storage and dust mites investigated contain mostly species-specific allergens and very small amounts of the pan-allergen tropomyosin compared to shrimp and snail.