右美托咪定对老年恶性肿瘤全麻手术患者术后细胞免疫功能、认知功能及炎症因子水平的影响

目的:探讨右美托咪定对老年恶性肿瘤全麻手术患者术后细胞免疫功能、认知功能及炎症因子水平的影响。方法:选取2017年2月～2019年6月期间到我院择期行手术治疗的老年恶性肿瘤患者119例,根据随机数字表法将患者分为对照组(n=59)和研究组(n=60),研究组麻醉中输注右美托咪定,对照组麻醉中输注同容量等速率的生理盐水,比较两组患者围术期指标、细胞免疫功能、不良反应、炎症因子指标、简易智力状态量表(MMSE)评分。结果:两组患者术后第3 d的CD4~+/CD8~+、CD3~+、CD4~+较术前下降,CD8~+较术前升高(P0.05);研究组术后第3 d的CD4~+/CD8~+、CD3~+、CD4~+高于对照组,CD8~+则低于对照组(P0.05)。两组术后第3 d的血清高迁移率族蛋白1(HMGBl)、白介素-6(IL-6)、肿瘤坏死因子-α(TNF-α)水平均升高,但研究组低于对照组(P0.05)。两组手术时间、术中出血量、麻醉时间比较无差异(P0.05)。两组患者术前、术后第1 d、术后第3 d的MMSE评分呈先下降后升高趋势(P0.05),且研究组术后第1 d、第3 d的MMSE评分高于对照组(P0.05)。两组不良反应发生率比较无统计学差异(P0.05)。结论:老年恶性肿瘤全麻手术患者术中输注右美托咪定,可减轻细胞免疫抑制及炎症反应,对术后早期的认知功能下降有一定预防作用。     

右美托咪定与咪达唑仑对前列腺电切术患者术后认知功能的影响

目的:分析右美托咪定与咪达唑仑对前列腺电切术(TURP)患者认知功能的影响。方法:选择2013年5月-2015年5月在我院接受TURP治疗的良性前列腺增生患者73例作为研究对象。根据麻醉方法不同,将所选患者分为右美托咪定组和咪达唑仑组,分别采用右美托咪定和咪达唑仑麻醉。观察并比较不同时间点两组患者的心率(HR)及平均动脉压(MAP)的变化情况。应用精神状态量表(MMSE)评估两组患者手术前后的认知功能。结果:两组患者术前HR及MAP比较,差异均无统计学意义(P0.05);两组患者手术不同时间点HR、MAP均显著低于术前,且右美托咪定组低于咪达唑仑组,差异具有统计学意义(P0.05);两组患者术前MMSE评分比较,差异无统计学意义(P0.05);两组患者术后MMSE评分均低于术前,且右美托咪定组低于咪达唑仑组,差异均具有统计学意义(P0.05);右美托咪定组术中寒战发生率显著低于咪达唑仑组,差异具有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论:右美托咪定与咪达唑仑对TURP患者均会造成早期认知功能障碍,但右美托咪定的影响较小,患者生命体征较平稳,值得临床推广应用。     

盐酸右美托咪定联合乌司他丁对老年腹部手术患者术后认知功能障碍的影响分析

目的:探讨盐酸右美托咪定联合乌司他丁对老年腹部手术患者术后认知功能障碍的影响及可能机制。方法:选择2018年1月到2018年6月在我院胃肠外科、泌尿外科、肝胆外科行开腹手术的150例患者为研究对象,按照数字表随机分为右美托咪定组、乌司他丁组和联合组,每组各50例患者。比较三组患者的术后苏醒时间、有效镇痛时间、躁动例数及术后认知功能障碍(POCD)的发生情况,治疗前后血清肿瘤坏死因子α(TNF-α)、白介素6(IL-6)、血清S-100蛋白(S100β)水平、简易智能状态量表(MMSE)评分的变化及不良反应的发生情况。结果:三组患者麻醉苏醒时间比较差异无统计学意义(P0.05);联合组患者苏醒期躁动及POCD发生率明显低于右美托咪定组及乌司他丁组,有效镇痛时间明显长于右美托咪定组及乌司他丁组(P0.05);治疗后,三组患者血清TNF-α、IL-6及S100β水平均较治疗前明显改善,且联合组患者各个时点血清TNF-α、IL-6及S100β水平均明显低于右美托咪定组及乌司他丁组(P0.05)。联合组MMSE评分明显高于右美托咪定组及乌司他丁组(P0.05)。联合组不良反应总发生率为24.00%,显著低于右美托咪定组(50.00%)和乌司他丁组(48.00%)(P0.05)。结论:与单用盐酸右美托咪定和乌司他丁相比,盐酸右美托咪定联合乌司他丁可更有效预防老年腹部手术患者苏醒躁动及POCD的发生,且安全性更高,可能与其明显降低患者血清炎症因子水平有关。     

右美托咪定对老年患者全麻肝叶切除术术后认知功能障碍的影响

目的探讨右美托咪定对老年患者全麻肝叶切除术术后认知功能障碍的影响。方法选择我院2018年8月～2019年8月择期全麻肝叶切除术的老年患者120例,年龄65～80岁,ASAⅡ～Ⅲ,随机分为右美托咪定组(DH组)和生理盐水组(HS组)。DH组在全麻诱导开始15 min内静脉泵入0.6μg/kg右美托咪定,术中以0.2～0.5μg/(kg·h)维持泵注;HS组静脉泵注等量的生理盐水。采用简易精神状态量表记录患者术前及术后第1、2天的MMSE评分,同时检测患者血浆IL-1、IL-6、TNF-α水平。结果与术前比较,术后第1、2天的MMSE评分明显降低(P0.05)。与HS组比较,DH组术后第1、2天的MMSE评分明显升高(P0.01),血清IL-1、IL-6、TNF-α水平明显降低(P0.05)。结论右美托咪定对老年肝叶切除术患者术后认知功能有一定的保护作用,可能与降低患者血浆IL-1、IL-6、TNF-α水平有关。     

右美托咪定对腰椎全麻手术患者术后疼痛及认知功能的影响

目的:探讨右美托咪定对腰椎全麻手术患者术后疼痛及认知功能的影响。方法:选择2014年3月~2015年12月在我院行腰椎全麻手术的84例患者为研究对象,按照随机数字表法分为对照组(42例)和试验组(42例),患者均常规给予芬太尼及顺式阿曲库铵麻醉诱导,试验组患者在麻醉诱导过程中给予右美托咪定静脉注射,对照组患者仅给予氯化钠注射液静脉注射。分别于术前(T0)、手术开始2 h(T2)、术后24 h(T24)检测血清肾上腺糖皮质激素,采用疼痛视觉模拟评分法(VAS)进行疼痛评定;采用简易智能精神状态量表(MMSE)于术后1d和2d进行认知状态评定,并计算术后认知功能障碍(POCD)发生率;同时观察患者不良反应发生情况。结果:试验组患者T2和T24时肾上腺糖皮质激素水平明显低于T0,T2时试验组患者肾上腺糖皮质激素水平明显低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。试验组患者T2时VAS评分明显低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。术后1d和2d时试验组患者的MMSE评分高于对照组,POCD发生率明显低于对照组;两组患者术后2d时MMSE评分高于术后1d,POCD发生率明显低于术后1d,差异均有统计学意义(P0.05)。两组患者均未见除POCD以外的不良反应。结论:右美托咪定有较强的抗氧化能力,可有效减轻腰椎全麻手术患者的疼痛程度,提高患者的认知功能。     

帕瑞昔布钠联合右美托咪定对开胸手术患者苏醒质量及应激反应的影响

目的:探讨帕瑞昔布钠联合右美托咪定对开胸手术患者苏醒质量及应激反应的影响。方法:选择2014年1月至2016年9月我院行开胸手术的90例患者,通过随机数表法分为观察组(n=45)和对照组(n=45)。观察组在术前30min静脉注射帕瑞昔布,术毕前5 min缓慢静脉注射右美托咪定;对照组在术前、30 min、术毕前5 min给予等容量生理盐水。比较两组苏醒时间、拔管时间以及麻醉诱导前(T1)、手术结束时(T2)、术后3 h(T3)时血糖(Glu)、皮质醇(Cor)、肾上腺素(E)、去甲肾上腺素(NE)、运动活动评分(MAAS)的变化,并比较麻醉恢复期躁动的发生率。结果:两组苏醒时间、拔管时间比较差异上无统计学意义(P0.05);观察组T2、T3时Glu、Cor、E、NE水平以及MAAS评分均明显低于对照组(P0.05),躁动发生率明显低于对照组(P0.05)。结论:在开胸手术患者麻醉过程中,应用帕瑞昔布钠联合右美托咪定可有效抑制麻醉恢复期应激反应,减少躁动的发生,提高苏醒质量。     

右美托咪定联合乌司他丁对老年胃肠肿瘤切除术患者术后认知功能障碍的影响

目的:探讨右美托咪定联合乌司他丁对老年胃肠肿瘤切除术患者术后认知功能障碍(postoperative cognitive dysfunction,POCD)的影响。方法:选择2013年8月至2016年11月在我院进行胃肠切除术的老年患者90例,随机分为两组,对照组40例患者术中接受右美托咪定麻醉处理,联合组50例患者在对照组基础上泵入乌司他丁。比较两组患者手术前后的血清炎性因子及S-100β水平、简易智能状态量表(mini-mental state examination,MMSE)评分的变化、术后认知功能障碍及不良反应的发生情况。结果:两组患者术后1 d血清肿瘤坏死因子α(TNF-α)、白介素-6(IL-6)及S-100β水平较治疗前均显著升高(P0.05),且联合组以上指标均显著低于对照组(P0.05),MMSE评分显著高于对照组(P0.05)。联合组术后7 d POCD、高血压的发生率及不良反应发生率均显著低于对照组(P0.05)。结论:右美托咪定联合乌司他丁用于老年胃肠肿瘤切除术可有效控制患者手术后炎症反应,改善患者认知功能障碍,且安全性较好。     

右美托咪定对下肢手术患者止血带诱发肢体缺血-再灌注损伤的影响

目的:探讨右美托咪定对下肢手术患者因止血带诱发肢体缺血-再灌注损伤的影响。方法:选取2015年1月-2016年5月我院行下肢手术治疗的患者90例,按照数字随机法分为观察组及对照组,每组各45例。两组均给予蛛网膜下腔阻滞联合硬膜外麻醉,观察组在穿刺成功15 min内静脉输注1μg/kg的右美托咪定,维持剂量0.5μg/kg·h直至手术结束,对照组患者则给予同等剂量的生理盐水。对比两组止血带前(T0)、止血带充气30 min(T1)、止血带充气1 h(T2)、止血带释放后30 min(T3)、止血带释放后1 h(T4)时的超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、丙二醛(MDA)、肿瘤坏死因子-α(TNF-α)、白介素-6(IL-6)、平均动脉压(MAP)、心率(HR)水平以及不良反应发生情况。结果:T3、T4时点观察组SOD水平显著高于对照组,MDA水平显著低于对照组(P0.05)。T1、T2、T3、T4时点观察组TNF-α水平显著低于对照组,T4时点IL-6水平也显著低于对照组(P0.05)。T1、T2时点观察组MAP、HR水平均显著低于对照组(P0.05)。观察组术中止血带疼痛、高血压发生率均显著低于对照组(P0.05)。结论:右美托咪定可显著抑制下肢手术患者止血带诱发氧化应激反应以及炎症反应,进而降低肢体缺血-再灌注损伤,具有较好的安全性。     

右美托咪啶对经尿道前列腺电切阴茎勃起的影响*

目的:探究右美托咪定(DEX)对经尿道前列腺电切术(TURP)后阴茎勃起的影响。方法:选取2017年1月至2018年3月于我院确诊为良性前列腺增生并行经TURP的86例患者,按照随机数字表法均分为实验组和对照组,每组43例。其中,实验组于手术初始即使用输液泵持续输注右美托咪定(输注剂量0.5μg/kg)直至手术结束,对照组患者于手术开始时即开始使用输液泵持续输注等量的生理盐水直至手术结束。于麻醉前(T1)、麻醉插管后导尿前(T2)、DEX或生理盐水泵入10 min时(T3)、手术开始后导尿时(T4)四个时间点比较两组患者的平均脉压差(MAP)、心率(HR)、阴茎勃起发生率及术后膀胱刺激征的发生率。结果:T1、T2、T3时刻,两组间HR和MAP水平比较差异无统计学意义(P0.05),T4时,对照组HR和MAP均选择低于实验组,差异具有统计学意义(P0.05);两组患者T1及T2时阴茎勃起率比较差异无统计学意义(P0.05),对照组T3、T4阴茎勃起率分别为27.91%、74.42%,实验组患者T3、T4阴茎勃起率分别为6.98%、11.63%,差异具有统计学意义(P0.05)。实验组术后膀胱刺激征出现率为9.30%,低于对照组的32.56%,差异具有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论:右美托咪定用于TURP术中可以有效稳定患者术中血流动力学,并降低患者术后阴茎异常勃起率,且术后患者膀胱刺激征发生率显著降低。     

右美托咪定对子宫肌瘤切除术患者全麻苏醒期应激反应的影响

目的:探讨盐酸右美托咪定用于全凭静脉麻醉对子宫肌瘤切除术患者应激反应的影响。方法:选择我院收治的择期行子宫肌瘤切除术患者60例,随机分为观察组和对照组,每组30例。两组患者均采用全麻,其中观察组患者在麻醉诱导15 min内静脉输注1 ug/kg盐酸右美托咪定注射液,术中0.3-0.6 ug/(kg×h)维持;而对照组患者采用静脉输注0.9%的Nacl溶液。分别于麻醉前、麻醉后及苏醒期测定并观察两组患者外周静脉血中TNF-α,IL-2和IL-6的浓度变化情况。结果:两组患者麻醉前TNF-α,IL-2和IL-6的浓度无显著性差异(P0.05)。两组患者麻醉后及苏醒期TNF-α,IL-2及IL-6浓度均显著高于麻醉前,差异具有统计学意义(P0.05)。观察组患者麻醉后及苏醒期TNF-α,IL-2及IL-6浓度均显著低于对照组,差异具有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论:右美托咪定用于全凭静脉麻醉对子宫肌瘤切除术患者血清TNF-α、IL-2和IL-6浓度具有调节作用,可缓解或降低手术引起的应激反应。     

A Unique Protease Cleavage Site Predicted in the Spike Protein of the Novel Pneumonia Coronavirus (2019-nCoV) Potentially Related to Viral Transmissibility

正Dear Editor,In December 2019, a novel human coronavirus caused an epidemic of severe pneumonia(Coronavirus Disease 2019,COVID-19) in Wuhan, Hubei, China(Wu et al. 2020; Zhu et al. 2020). So far, this virus has spread to all areas of China and even to other countries. The epidemic has caused 67,102 confirmed infections with 1526 fatal cases     

Curcuminoids as inhibitors of thioredoxin reductase: A receptor based pharmacophore study with distance mapping of the active site

Curcumin is the yellow pigment of turmeric that interacts irreversibly forming an adduct with thioredoxin reductase (TrxR), an enzyme responsible for redox control of cell and defence against oxidative stress. Docking at both the active sites of TrxR was performed to compare the potency of three naturally occurring curcuminoids, namely curcumin, demethoxy curcumin and bis-demethoxy curcumin. Results show that active sites of TrxR occur at the junction of E and F chains. Volume and area of both cavities is predicted. It has been concluded by distance mapping of the most active conformations that Se atom of catalytic residue SeCYS498, is at a distance of 3.56 from C13 of demethoxy curcumin at the E chain active site, whereas C13 carbon atom forms adduct with Se atom of SeCys 498. We report that at least one methoxy group in curcuminoids is necessary for interation with catalytic residues of thioredoxin. Pharmacophore of both active sites of the TrxR receptor for curcumin and demethoxy curcumin molecules has been drawn and proposed for design and synthesis of most probable potent antiproliferative synthetic drugs.     

Comparative morphology of the carpel in the Liliaceae: Hewardieae, Petrosavieae, and Tricyrteae

The young pistils in the melanthioid tribes, Hewardieae, Petrosavieae and Tricyrteae, are uniformly tricarpellate and syncarpous. They lack raphide idioblasts. All are multiovulate, with bitegmic ovules. The Petrosavieae are marked by the presence of septal glands and incomplete syncarpy. Tepals and stamens adhere to the ovary in the Hewardieae and the Petrosavieae but not in the Tricyrteae. Two vascular bundles occur in the stamens of the Hewartlieae and Tricyrtis latifolia. Ventral bundles in the upper part of the ovary of the Hewardieae are continuous with compound septal bundles and placental bundles in the lower part. Putative ventral bundles occur in the alternate position in the Tricyrteae and putative placental bundles in the opposite. position in the Petrosavieae. The dichtomously branched stigma in each carpel of the Tricyrteae is supplied by a bifurcated dorsal bundle.     

Enterovirus 71 3C proteolytically processes the histone H3 N-terminal tail during infection

Highlights
1. The N-terminal tail of histone H3 is specifically cleaved during EV71 infection.
2. Viral protease 3C is identified as a protease responsible for proteolytically processing the N-terminal H3 tail.
3. Our finding reveals a new epigenetic regulatory mechanism for Enterovirus 71 in virus-host interactions.     

Detection of EBV and HHV6 in the Brain Tissue of Patients with Rasmussen’s Encephalitis

Rasmussen’s encephalitis (RE) is a rare pediatric neurological disorder, and the exact etiology is not clear. Viral infection may be involved in the pathogenesis of RE, but conflicting results have reported. In this study, we evaluated the expression of both Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) and human herpes virus (HHV) 6 antigens in brain sections from 30 patients with RE and 16 control individuals by immunohistochemistry. In the RE group, EBV and HHV6 antigens were detected in 56.7% (17/30) and 50% (15/30) of individuals, respectively. In contrast, no detectable EBV and HHV6 antigen expression was found in brain tissues of the control group. The co-expression of EBV and HHV6 was detected in 20.0% (6/30) of individuals. In particular, a 4-year-old boy had a typical clinical course, including a medical history of viral encephalitis, intractable epilepsy, and hemispheric atrophy. The co-expression of EBV and HHV6 was detected in neurons and astrocytes in the brain tissue, accompanied by a high frequency of CD8⁺ T cells. Our results suggest that EBV and HHV6 infection and the activation of CD8⁺ T cells are involved in the pathogenesis of RE.     

Perinatal Vertical Transmission of Chikungunya Virus in Ruili,a Town on the Border between China and Myanmar

正Dear Editor,Chikungunya virus (CHIKV), an arbovirus in the family of Togaviridae, genus Alphavirus, is transmitted by the A.aegyptii or A. albopictus mosquito, and causes disease in humans characterized by fever, rash, and arthralgia (Silva and Dermody 2017; Suhrbier 2019). It was first reported in 1953 in Tanzania, and caused only a few outbreaks and sporadic cases in Africa and Asia in last century. However, in the epidemic in 2004, CHIKV acquired mutations that conferred enhanced transmission by the A. albopictus mosquito(Schuffenecker et al. 2006). Since then, it has successively caused outbreaks in Africa, the Indian Ocean, South East Asia, the South America, and Europe (Zeller et al. 2016).     

Development of a Novel Reverse Transcription Loop-Mediated Isothermal Amplification Method for Rapid Detection of SARS-CoV-2

In conclusion, the novel visual RT-LAMP assay is a simple, rapid, and sensitive approach for detection of SARS-CoV-2, and it is ready for application in primary care and community hospitals or health care centers, and even patients' own houses in response to the current SARS-CoV-2 epidemic because the assay does not require sophisticated equipment and skilled personnel. Furthermore, it is also ready to be used in fields for screening samples from wild animals and environments to facilitate the identification of potential intermediate hosts that mediate the cross-species transmission of SARS-CoV-2 from bats to humans.