东秦岭中部晚奥陶世腕足类

报道东秦岭中部晚奥陶世腕足类１９属２０种，其中４新种。该区晚奥陶世腕足类与浙赣、陕甘宁及青海等地区同属华南 华北腕足动物地理区。此区与北欧区较接近，它可能与哈萨克地区一起形成一个独立的腕足动物地理区，或为北欧区的一个亚区。它与准噶尔 兴安区明显不同。     

东秦岭中部晚奥陶世腕足类*

报道东秦岭中部晚奥陶世腕足类19属20种，其中4新种。该区晚奥陶世腕足类与浙赣、陕甘宁及青海等地区同属华南华北腕足动物地理区。此区与北欧区较接近，它可能与哈萨克地区一起形成一个独立的腕足动物地理区，或为北欧区的一个亚区。它与准噶尔兴安区明显不同，后者属北美区     

吉中地区晚古生代腕足动物古生物地理与环境的协同演化*

吉中地区发育了普里道利期—洛霍考夫期Retziella、杜内期通气沟组以及空谷期—沃德期哲斯等腕足动物群。前两者属于"暖水"动物群、后者属于"凉水"动物群。同时参考珊瑚和等动物群分析,说明吉中地区从普里道利期至阿瑟尔期发育"暖水"动物群,从空谷期到沃德期发育"凉水"动物群。"凉、暖"转换是以寿山沟组的Monodiexodina动物群为代表,发生在萨克马尔期。"凉、暖"水动物群的发育及其转换是构造古地理与气候变化双重因素导致的结果。晚志留世—早泥盆世,西伯利亚板块、哈萨克斯坦板块、佳-蒙地块均位于中—低纬度带。吉中地区晚志留世—早泥盆世(乃至中泥盆世)腕足动物群属于"暖水"动物群,古生物地理区划属于中-澳生物地理区。石炭纪,东欧板块东北缘、哈萨克斯坦板块大部分地区、佳-蒙地块南缘属于特提斯洋北缘构造域,发育了特提斯洋北缘腕足动物群,形成了特提斯北缘生物地理区,吉中地区腕足动物群属于这一生物地理区。空谷期—沃德期凉水型哲斯腕足动物群的形成是由于佳-蒙地块西端与塔里木板块以及华北板块西端拼合,形成了西拉木伦洋构造域,以及此时期全球降温事件导致的结果。古生物地理、构造古地理以及古气候之间的协同演化关系表明吉中地区晚古生代地层应属于佳-蒙地块南缘的大陆边缘沉积。     

海南岛昌江地区石炭纪牙形刺化石

海南岛昌江地区前人所称南好组第四段及第三段分别发现的牙形刺Siphonodella isosticha-S.cooperi组合及Mesogondolella clarki组合,表明该组包括了早石炭早期及晚石炭世早中期,而不是传统的认为的属早石炭世并可能包括中－晚泥盆世,同时还证实原南好组第三段层位远远高于第四段,而不是位于其下,从而纠正了前人长期沿用的该地区石炭系层序的错误,并指出昌江地区石炭纪牙形刺属华南古生物地理系。     

腕足动物数据库及定量古生物地理学研究——以全球二叠纪Roadian-Wordian期为例

随着古生物原始资料的不断积累,通过建立数据库对化石资料进行搜集和管理已成为一种趋势。丰富的原始数据,使我们进行古生物地理研究,特别是大尺度定量古生物地理研究成为可能。文章从化石数据库的建立开始,详细地介绍一种古生物地理学定量研究的方法。通过对二叠纪Roadian-Wordian期全球381个腕足动物属分布数据的聚类分析,区分出4个腕足动物生物域(北方域、冈瓦纳域、泛大洋域、古赤道域)和9个生物区[东北欧区(Northeast European)、维尔科累马区(Verkolyma)、格兰丁区(Grandian)、华夏区(Cathaysian)、基墨里区(Cim-merian)]、中蒙日区(Sino-Mongolian-Japanese)、泛大洋区(Panthalassan)、西澳区(Westralian)和澳纽区(Aus-trazean),这4个域和9个区的生物地理区系特征与它们当时的古地理位置基本吻合。同时,多维尺度分析表明,与纬度相关的温度梯度是控制腕足动物分布的主要因素,古地理屏障和洋流可能在腕足动物空间分布模式的形成中同样扮演着重要角色。     

中国南方三叠纪和侏罗纪的生物地理区系问题

根据古生物地理区系资料,阐述下述４个问题：（１）扬子地台中三叠世晚期的海退事件;（２）华南－华北陆块的拼合,应发生于中三叠世安尼晚期至拉丁期;（３）三叠纪南盘江“地槽”,裨上是一个断陷盆地,它的最强烈活动期也发生于中三叠世它尼晚期至拉丁期,与化南－华北的拼合及扬子地台的海退同时进行;（４）自中三叠世晚期后,华南东部与西部之间在地质发展史上产生了明显的差异运动,特别是晚三叠世和早－部侏罗世。     

泥盆纪最早期和最晚期珊瑚群研究的进展

由于志留－泥盆纪之间没有发生明显的生物更替现象,所以泥盆纪最早期的珊瑚仍保留着浓厚的志留纪珊瑚的色彩。真正的泥盆纪类型的珊瑚是从早泥盆世中期才开始兴起的,至晚泥盆世早期末惨遭绝灭。晚泥盆世晚期的珊瑚却与石炭纪珊瑚有着较为密切的关系。晚泥盆世的珊瑚经历了绝灭－残存－复苏３个发展阶段。泥盆－石炭纪之交,泥盆纪最晚期的珊瑚再遭绝灭,至石炭纪初代之于Ｔｏｕｒｎａｉｓｉａｎ型的珊胡。正当华南锡矿山的珊瑚群罹     

西藏普兰县姜叶玛地区中二叠统西兰塔组中的有孔虫及其地质意义

西藏雅鲁藏布江缝合带蛇绿混杂岩中混杂着大小不一的二叠纪灰岩块体,它的来源一直颇有争议,这些灰岩块体中动物群的古生物地理面貌是判断其来源的重要手段。姜叶玛灰岩体是位于西藏普兰县境内混杂在中生代蛇绿混杂岩中的一个大型二叠纪灰岩块体。其中,中二叠世西兰塔组中含有丰富的非?有孔虫化石,它们主要由Neodiscus,Climacammina,Pachyphloia和Lysites组成,伴生有Dagmarita,Deckerella,Globivalvulina,Neoendothyra,Lasiodiscus,Lasiotrochus,Tetrataxis,Geinitzina,Ichthyofrondina,Nodosaria,Nodosinelloides,Agathammina,Septoagathammina和Shanita,时代相当于中二叠世Capitanian期。古生物地理上,Lysites和Shanita的出现表明这个动物群属于基墨里生物区,它们从古生物地理上以及生物多样性上和印度板块北缘的巴基斯坦盐岭地区以及藏南喜马拉雅区的同时代动物群有显著差别。结合前期?类动物群古生物地理的研究,姜叶玛灰岩块体很可能位于拉萨地块与喜马拉雅之间的新特提斯洋海山上,与两个地块之间都有一定的隔离。这也说明新特提斯打开的时间早于中二叠世。     

南疆阿尔金山环形山地区泥盆纪介形类

本文描述和图解的介形类化石材料系来自南疆阿尔金山环形山地区ＷＦ－３４－１－２号样品,计８属、３亚属和１０种。通过对这些属种的分析指出：（１）其所代表的地质时代是泥盆纪晚埃姆斯晚期到艾菲尔期,且更可能是晚埃姆期晚期;（２）其生态组合为近岸浅水,特别是局限海环境类型;（３）属华南泥盆纪介形类动物地理区系。     

青海化隆拉脊山寒武纪球接子类三叶虫*

描述青海化隆地区寒武纪后半期球接子类三叶虫计6科,12属,15种(包含4个未定种,1个亚种和1个相似种)。对有关的属种及其归类进行讨论和修订。研究表明该地区寒武纪武陵世至芙蓉世球接子类三叶虫也有较高的分异度,将为进一步研究祁连山地层区寒武纪地层的划分和对比、沉积相分析和生物地理区的划分等提供重要的古生物依据。     

西藏南部聂拉木地区晚泥盆世—早石炭世的介形类

本文系统描述西藏南部聂拉木地区晚泥盆世–早石炭世介形类共计15属24种。根据介形类的组合面貌及孢子、牙形刺的研究结果推断,亚里剖面上的亚里组时代为晚泥盆世–早石炭世,泥盆系-石炭系界线(D-CB)大致位于亚里东沟段顶部至沟陇日段。亚里组产出的介形类生态组合属于光滑速足目集群或艾菲尔生态型,指示亚里组在沉积时为远岸浅水沉积环境,且在上部腊扎蒲段水深变浅。亚里组介形类面貌与华南泥盆纪介形类相似程度高,与俄罗斯和欧美地区也有相似的属种,说明泥盆纪-石炭纪之交介形类的地理隔离并不显著,在各个板块之间有属种交流的可能。     

Analysis of insect distribution in the Northern Hemisphere by the example of the subfamily Arctiinae (Lepidoptera,Arctiidae). 1. Genus level

An attempt is made to apply cluster analysis to comparison of local faunas in the Northern Hemisphere at the genus level by the example of the subfamily Arctiinae (Lepidoptera, Arctiidae). A total of 200 North African, Eurasian (to New Guinea inclusive), and North American (north of the United Mexican States) local faunas have been considered. It is found that the arctic fauna is clearly detached from the Palearctic and Nearctic faunas, being closer to the former. Therefore, it is not reasonable to recognize the united European-Canadian subprovince of the boreal province according to the tiger moth faunas. The Palearctic tiger moth fauna is characterized by relatively smooth variations within the boreal, subboreal, and western subtropical belts. The boundary between the Palearctic and the Oriental (Indo-Malayan) provinces should be drawn north of the Yangtze catchment area. The most dramatic fauna change at the genus level takes place between North and Northeast China. It is reasonable to recognize a broad transition area between the two zoogeographic provinces in Eastern Asia. On the grounds of the nonuniform tiger moth fauna, the South Chinese-East Himalayan subprovince should be assigned to the Oriental (Indo-Malayan) province rather than the Palearctic, as was repeatedly proposed. The Southwest-Asian fauna (Arabian Peninsula and southern Iran) is transitional between the Palearctic, African, and Oriental ones. Many African genera reach the west and south of the Arabian Peninsula, whereas Oriental and Paleotropical genera reach southern Iran.     

论中国北方晚二叠世混生植物群的区系划分

自昆仑山—阿尔金山—祁连山—秦岭—大别山一线以北的中国北方地区,二叠纪时大约由准噶尔地块、塔里木地块、中朝板块、佳蒙地块等几个主要陆块和一些小的地块(微板块)组成。在系统整理这些地区晚二叠世植物属种的基础上,根据植物群属种的植物学特征及植物地理属性,将中国北方晚二叠世混生植物地理区划分为6个植物地理省,即:1)准噶尔–北塔里木安加拉–华夏混生植物地理省;2)北山–巴丹吉林安加拉–华夏混生植物地理省;3)兴蒙(东北地区)安加拉–华夏混生植物地理省;4)南塔里木安加拉–欧美混生植物地理省;5)祁连–阿拉善华夏–安加拉混生植物地理省;6)华北欧美–华夏–安加拉混生植物地理省。基于各地块在晚古生代各时期植物群的演替和植物区系性质的变迁,结合古地磁资料,简述了各地块在石炭纪—二叠纪时,在古特提斯洋和古亚洲洋中逐渐由低纬度热带亚热带雨林气候区向北半球高纬度温带干旱气候区的漂移和碰撞过程;并认为晚二叠世混生植物群形成的主要原因是各陆块相互间的迁移和拼接,中、晚二叠世形成的联合大陆(Pangaea)给各陆块上植物群的互相交融、侵入提供了良好条件。这种时空关系的改变,导致植物生态系统的改变,不但造成来自不同植物地理区植物的混生,而且产生了不少新的物种和丰富的土著分子。     

Analysis of insect distribution in the Northern Hemisphere by the example of the subfamily Arctiinae (Lepidoptera,Arctiidae). 2. Species level

An attempt is made to apply cluster analysis to comparison of local faunas in the Northern Hemisphere at the species level by the example of the subfamily Arctiinae (Lepidoptera, Arctiidae). A total of 200 North African, Eurasian (New Guinea inclusive), and North American (north of the United Mexican States) local faunas have been considered. It is found that the circumarctic fauna is clearly separated from the Palearctic and Nearctic ones, being closer to the former only at the level of genera. Therefore, it is not reasonable to recognize the united European-Canadian subprovince of the boreal belt according to the tiger moth faunas. The Palearctic tiger moth fauna is characterized by relatively smooth variations within the boreal, subboreal, and western subtropical belts. The fauna gradually changes from the Amur catchment area to South China, Himalayas, and India so that all fauna types of these regions are closely related to one another and, to a lesser extent, to equatorial fauna types of Southeast Asia islands. The boundary between the Palearctic and Oriental (Indo-Malayan) provinces should be drawn north of the Yangtze catchment area. The most dramatic fauna change at the species level takes place between North China and the Yangtze catchment, and at the genus level, between Northern and Northeastern China. It is reasonable to establish a broad transition area between the two zoogeographic provinces in Eastern Asia. On the grounds of the nonuniform tiger moth fauna, the South Chinese-East Himalayan subprovince should be assigned to the Oriental (Indo-Malayan) province rather than the Palearctic one, as was repeatedly proposed. The Southwest-Asian fauna (Arabian Peninsula and southern Iran) is transitional between the Palearctic, African, and Oriental ones. Many African taxa penetrate to the west and south of the Arabian Peninsula, whereas Oriental and Paleotropical species penetrate to southern Iran. It is reasonable to elevate considerably the rank of the Quinghai-Tibet highland fauna by distinguishing its habitat as a separate zoogeographic subprovince, because the similarity between this fauna type and any other Palearctic fauna at the species level is much less than between temperate faunas of the Palearctic and Nearctic. The assignment of this fauna to the Palearctic is confirmed only at the genus level.     

中国人群肤纹的主成分分析

近年来 ,我国学者多将中国人群分为南、北两大类群。作者对我国 5 9个人群的肤纹进行主成分分析。结果表明 ,根据肤纹特征 ,可将中国人分为 6个族群 ,除北方族群、南方族群外 ,存在着新疆族群与西藏族群。新疆族群与北方族群相比 ,斗型率低 ,尺箕、桡箕率高 ,小鱼际区与指间区Ⅱ、Ⅲ真实花纹率高。西藏族群斗型率高、尺箕率低。北方族群与南方族群相比 ,指纹嵴线总数、小鱼际区与指间区Ⅲ真实花纹率高。此外 ,还存在南北族群间的过渡族群与南北混合族群。 8个汉族人群未能聚集 ,分散于各族群中。这表明 ,汉族与少数民族间、南北方民族间存在着肤纹基因的交流。将中华民族分为南北两大类群的观点可能过于简单化了。     

牙形石Histiodella Hass 四个种的讨论及地层对比意义

作者描述了产自塔里木盆地的HistiodellaHass的四个种,并探讨了它们与中国北方和北美中大陆暖水型牙形石及中国南方和北大西洋冷水型牙形石的对比关系。认为Histiodellasinuosa带对比北美中大陆牙形石动物群3的下部、中国南方Amorphognathusvariabilis带下部和中国北方Aurilobodusleptosomatus-Loxodusdissectus带下部。Histiodellaholodentata带下部相当于中国北方Aurilobodusleptosomatus-Loxodusdissectus带中部或中国南方的Amorphognathusvariabilis带至Eoplacognathussuecicus带的下部。Histiodellakristinae带对比北大西洋区的Eoplacognathussuecicus带中上部和中国北方的Tangshanodustangshanensis带。Histiodellabellburnensis带对比北大西洋区的Eoplacognathussuecicus带的上部到Eoplacognathusfoliaceus带下部。HistiodellaHass与北大西洋区和中国北方区典型牙形石的共同出现可以作为一个桥梁,建立起北美中大陆、北大西洋、塔里木盆地及华北地区牙形石的对比关系。     

中国第四纪哺乳动物地理区划

中国第四纪哺乳动物地理区可划分为古北界的北方区及其东北亚区,属东洋界的南方区及其东部位于二者之间的过渡区。南北两个区系的雏型早已出现,但非常明确而具体,且涉及到几乎各主要哺乳动物目主要始于更新世的早期,北方区与南方区的分异在中更新世已基本稳定,其界线大约位于秦岭山嵴。晚更新世时,南北之间的界线从秦岭的某个地段转向南,沿阿坝若尔盖等地青藏高原的东缘而下,从而为现代动物地理区系的形成奠定了基础。东部过     

Early Carboniferous spiriferoid brachiopods from the Qaidam Basin,Northwest China: Taxonomy,biostratigraphy and biogeography

Six Early Carboniferous brachiopod species in four genera of the Superfamily Spiriferoidea are described from the Qaidam Basin, northwestern China, including a new genus, Qaidamospirifer, and two new species: Grandispirifer qaidamensis and Qaidamospirifer elongatus. Additionally, a new genus, Triangulospirifer, is also proposed to replace Triangularia Poletaev, 2001 that was preoccupied by a Devonian molluscan genus.On the basis of the new material as well as published information, we have reviewed the taxonomic composition and the stratigraphic and palaeobiogeographic distributions of the three previously established genera from the viewpoint of palaeobiogeography. The study reveals that Grandispirifer has a relatively long stratigraphic range from the late Tournaisian to Serpukhovian. During this interval, the genus attained a wide geographical distribution, reaching Northwest China, western Yunnan of West China, Japan, as well as Iran and North Africa. Angiospirifer first occurred in western Europe in the Viséan, and later migrated to North Africa during the late Viséan. In the Serpukhovian, it migrated eastward, reaching the Donets Basin of Ukraine and the Qaidam Basin in Northwest China. Anthracothyrina evolved from Brachythyrina in North Africa in late Viséan, then dispersed north-westward to western and eastern Europe and, further eastward to the Qaidam Basin during the Serpukhovian.     

塔里木盆地奥陶系苔虫多样性演变

本文研究了塔里木盆地奥陶系苔虫的分布延限和演化规律。苔虫的演化分为四个阶段:第一阶段为鹰山组—一间房组中下部沉积期,苔虫多样性和丰度均很低;第二阶段为一间房组上部—吐木休克组沉积期,苔虫的多样性处在一种波动上升的状态;第三阶段包括良里塔格组良五段—良四段沉积期,苔虫多样性和丰度均有一定程度的增加,而且绝大部分属种在接下来的第四阶段都有出现;第四阶段在良里塔格组良三段—良一段沉积期,是苔虫总体多样性明显增长的时期,也是本区奥陶纪苔虫的重要辐射期。随后,展开苔虫的多样性分析的研究。研究发现塔里木盆地奥陶系苔虫的演化趋势与世界范围的演化趋势基本一致,说明是受苔虫宏演化规律控制的。     

Palaeogene marine stratigraphy in China

Palaeogene deposits are widespread in China and are potential sequences for locating stage boundaries. Most strata are non‐marine origin, but marine sediments are well exposed in Tibet, the Tarim Basin of Xinjiang, and the continental margin of East China Sea. Among them, the Tibetan Tethys can be recognized as a dominant marine area, including the Indian‐margin strata of the northern Tethys Himalaya and Asian‐margin strata of the Gangdese forearc basin. Continuous sequences are preserved in the Gamba–Tingri Basin of the north margin of the Indian Plate, where the Palaeogene sequence is divided into the Jidula, Zongpu, Zhepure and Zongpubei formations. Here, the marine sequence ranges from Danian to middle Priabonian (66–35 ma), and the stage boundaries are identified mostly by larger foraminiferal assemblages. The Paleocene/Eocene boundary is found between the Zongpu and Zhepure formations. The uppermost marine beds are from the top of the Zongpubei Formation (~35 ma), marking the end of Indian and Asian collision. In addition, the marine beds crop out along both sides of the Yarlong Zangbo Suture, where they show a deeper marine facies, yielding rich radiolarian fossils of Paleocene and Eocene. The Tarim Basin of Xinjiang is another important area of marine deposition. Here, marine Palaeogene strata are well exposed in the Southwest Tarim Depression and Kuqa Depression. They comprise mostly neritic and coastal lagoon facies of the Tethyan realm. Palaeontological evidence suggests that the Paleocene/Eocene boundary here is in middle of the Qimugen Formation. The Tarim Basin was largely drained by Late Oligocene. To the east, the marine offshore Palaeogene strata are widespread in the North Taiwan and East Zhejiang depressions of the continental shelf basin of East China Sea. Abundant fossils including foraminifera, calcareous nannofossils, ostracods, pollen and bivalves occur in the marine environment. Biostratigraphically, the sequence is well correlated with the international planktonic foraminiferal and nannofossil zonations.