白喉毒素无毒突变体CRM197基因的克隆与表达

目的构建白喉毒素(Diphtheria toxin)无毒突变体CRM197(Cross-reacting materials 197)的原核表达载体,并在大肠杆菌中表达重组蛋白。方法以白喉杆菌(ATCC39255)基因组DNA为模版,采用聚合酶链式反应(Polymerase chain reaction,PCR)扩增CRM197基因,插入表达载体pET11b中,构建重组原核表达质粒pET11b-CRM197。经双酶切及测序鉴定正确后,重组质粒被转化入大肠杆菌Rosetta 2(DE3)pLysS,IPTG诱导表达,表达产物经SDS-PAGE和Western blot进行鉴定。结果重组表达质粒经双酶切及测序鉴定,结果表明与预期一致;表达的重组蛋白相对分子质量约58 000,并可与鼠抗CRM197单克隆抗体特异性结合。结论已成功构建了重组原核表达载体pET11b-CRM197,重组的CRM197蛋白在大肠杆菌中得到了表达,为以该重组突变体作蛋白载体制备结合疫苗奠定了基础。     

白喉毒素突变体CRM197在大肠杆菌中表达纯化及性质研究

CRM197是一种白喉毒素突变体,作为载体蛋白广泛用于疫苗开发。将合成的CRM197基因片段克隆到表达载体pET25b中,转化大肠杆菌BL21(DE3),经IPTG诱导,CRM197获得高效表达,达到菌体总蛋白的20%。目的蛋白主要以包涵体形式存在,变性、复性后经DEAE阴离子交换、S-100分子筛纯化获得纯度高于95%的CRM197样品,用该蛋白样品免疫新西兰大白兔,免疫兔血清中检测到特异性抗体应答。急性毒性试验中,每只豚鼠皮下注射200μgCRM197纯化样品,未出现明显毒性反应症状,与之相比较,注射后48h内,20ng白喉毒素阳性对照组动物全部死亡。结果表明,利用本试验的表达策略,CRM197得到高效表达,并且具有良好的免疫原性和安全性,为其进一步生产及应用奠定基础。     

白喉毒素突变体CRM197在白喉杆菌中的表达纯化

CRM197是一种白喉毒素突变体,第52位的甘氨酸突变为谷氨酸,作为载体蛋白广泛用于疫苗开发。将阐述一种新的生产CRM197方法。将合成的CRM197基因片段克隆到表达载体pCKM4.1中,表达质粒pCKM5.1电转化至大肠杆菌E.coli S17-1中,通过结合转移转化至白喉杆菌(ATCC?27010TM的白喉杆菌)中,载体上的导肽序列可以使得CRM197作为可溶性蛋白分泌到胞外表达,CRM197蛋白可占到菌体总蛋白的70%。增强对铁的调控,进一步优化培养基及发酵条件以提高产量。经过Q膜、硫酸铵沉淀、阴离子交换纯化步骤获得纯度达到95%的CRM197样品,提高了蛋白得率,节约了纯化时间和成本。     

流感病毒M2e与白喉毒素无毒突变体CRM197融合蛋白的抗原性和免疫原性分析

流感病毒严重威胁人类健康且流行株不断变化,传统疫苗对流感预防具有局限性。流感病毒M2蛋白胞外区(M2e)氨基酸序列高度保守,可诱导产生特异性抗体,是通用流感疫苗研究的主要靶标之一。白喉毒素突变体(CRM197)是一种理想的蛋白载体,可增强小分子抗原的免疫原性,商业化的肺炎球菌疫苗采用CRM197结合形式提高多糖分子的免疫原性。本实验通过重组蛋白融合的方式,将M2e与CRM197(aa 1~535)、CRM197-N190(aa 1~190)、CRM197-N389(aa 1~389)的C端或N端进行融合表达,并考察融合蛋白的反应活性以及免疫原性。融合蛋白中的M2e和CRM197均具有反应活性;超速离心分析和四聚体特异构象单抗反应均表明融合蛋白(CRM197-N190)-M2e及M2e-(CRM197-N190)主要以类似M2e天然构象的四聚体形式存在;融合蛋白可与多株流感M2e特异性单抗以及CRM197特异性单抗反应,M2e融合至CRM197N末端形成的重组蛋白的反应活性高于C端融合蛋白;相比融合GST,与CRM197-N190的融合显著增强了M2e蛋白的免疫原性,为流感通用疫苗研究提供了新思路。     

分子伴侣对白喉毒素无毒突变体CRM197重组蛋白在大肠杆菌中可溶性表达的促进作用

为了获得有活性的白喉毒素突变体蛋白 (Cross-reacting material 197,CRM197),本研究利用分子伴侣pG-KJE8与重组质粒pET28a-CRM197在大肠杆菌原核表达系统中进行共表达,来促进目的蛋白的正确折叠,进而提高CRM197蛋白的可溶性表达。将质粒转化至大肠杆菌后并诱导其表达目的蛋白,再通过SDS-PAGE胶染色、Western blotting等技术对所得蛋白进行检测分析。结果发现：利用体外重组技术成功得到了pET28a-CRM197重组蛋白原核表达质粒,且CRM197重组蛋白在原核表达系统中主要以包涵体形式表达;通过探索和优化,确定了诱导蛋白的最佳浓度和温度,当加入终浓度为1.0 mmol/L IPTG、0.5 mg/mL L-阿拉伯糖、5.0 ng/mL四环素,在20 ℃条件下诱导16 h时,目的蛋白的可溶性表达得到显著提高;可溶性表达的CRM197重组蛋白可以与CRM197一抗发生特异性结合,免疫反应性良好。因此,研究发现分子伴侣pG-KJE8可以促进CRM197重组蛋白在大肠杆菌中以可溶性形式表达,且能很好地与CRM197一抗发生特异性结合,证实CRM197重组蛋白具有良好的免疫反应性,为CRM197蛋白的工业化生产及应用奠定了一定的基础。     

白喉毒素突变体CRM197的应用研究进展

CRM197(cross reacting material 197)是一种无毒的白喉毒素突变体,主要用作疫苗蛋白载体及药物透过血脑屏障的载体,其在抗肿瘤方面也有一定的应用。     

反相高效液相色谱法检测白喉毒素无毒突变体CRM197蛋白纯度

目的 建立反相高效液相色谱法(reverse phase high performance liquid chromatography, RP-HPLC)检测白喉毒素无毒突变体CRM197蛋白纯度。方法 利用Agilent AdvanceBio RP-mAb SB-C8(100 mm×2.1 mm)分析柱和Agilent1260高效液相色谱系统,以含0.1%三氟乙酸水溶液-异丙醇(98∶2)为流动相A,以含0.1%三氟乙酸乙腈溶液为流动相B,进行梯度洗脱,体积流速为0.5 mL/min,检测波长为280 nm,柱温为65℃,进样体积为10μL,采用面积归一法检测CRM197蛋白纯度,并对方法的适用性、专属性、重复性、中间精密度、线性、灵敏度和耐用性指标进行考察。用建立的方法检测CRM197蛋白酸处理供试品溶液、碱处理供试品溶液及3批原液的纯度。结果 建立的方法系统适用性良好;专属性验证表明空白溶液在目标峰积分范围内无干扰峰,热处理CRM197蛋白目标峰与其他杂质峰分离度>1.5;6次重复进样目标峰面积相对标准偏差(relative standard deviation,RSD)为...     

猪链球菌谷氨酰胺tRNA合成酶的原核表达产物的小鼠免疫试验

【目的】猪链球菌谷氨酰tRNA合成酶(Glutamyl tRNA Synthetase,GtS)是一种催化谷氨酰胺与对应的tRNA发生酯化反应形成谷氨酰tRNA的蛋白酶。本研究通过小鼠免疫保护力实验来评价Gts的免疫原性。【方法与结果】使用clustalX对GenBank中链球菌属的GtS进行同源性分析,结果显示GtS的氨基酸序列在链球菌属内同源性达到95%以上。利用原核表达系统在大肠杆菌BL21中表达(His)6-GtS融合蛋白。SDS-PAGE和Western blot结果表明该融合蛋白在BL21菌株中高效表达,并且具有良好的免疫原性。融合蛋白经过组氨酸标签纯化试剂盒(Novagen)纯化后获得纯度为93.3%、浓度为433μg/mL的重组蛋白rGtS。在小鼠免疫保护试验中,使用rGtS混合弗氏佐剂免疫Balb/c小鼠。免疫过后用4倍LD50剂量的SC19菌株(1.2×109CFU)攻毒,rGtS免疫组小鼠的存活率达50%(4/8),高于空载体对照(1/8)。【结论】本研究证实rGtS融合蛋白具有良好免疫原性,能够提供部分的保护,是一种非常有潜力的亚单位疫苗候选蛋白。     

罗非鱼无乳链球菌Sip基因的克隆、表达及免疫原性分析

表面免疫原性蛋白(Surface Immunogenic Protein,Sip)是B群链球菌(Group B Streptococcus,GBS)的一种表面蛋白,在GBS多种血清型的菌株中均有表达。研究从实验室分离到的罗非鱼无乳链球菌广东株的基因组DNA中扩增出Sip基因,构建原核表达载体pColdII-Sip,转化大肠杆菌(Escherichia coli)BL21(DE3)菌株。经诱导表达、SDS-PAGE电泳检测显示重组蛋白主要以可溶形式表达。重组蛋白用亲和层析的方法纯化,蛋白纯度达98%。纯化后的重组蛋白免疫罗非鱼(Oreochromis niloticus,GIFT strain)以分析其免疫原性。受免鱼免疫14d后进行人工攻毒试验,免疫组的相对保护率为70%—87%。酶联免疫吸附试验(Elisa)显示受免鱼对重组蛋白产生了较好的免疫应答,免疫剂量为3μg/g和5μg/g时受免鱼血清抗体滴度可达1:128000。研究结果显示重组蛋白Sip具有较强的免疫原性和保护作用,Sip基因可作为罗非鱼链球菌基因工程亚单位疫苗候选基因。     

无标签鼠疫耶尔森菌Ⅴ抗原突变体在大肠杆菌中的表达、纯化及免疫原性分析

目的:在大肠杆菌中表达、纯化无标签鼠疫耶尔森菌低钙反应V抗原突变体,并对其免疫原性进行研究。方法:采用融合PCR方法将Ⅴ抗原基因中编码半胱氨酸的碱基缺失突变,将获得得Ⅴ抗原突变体基因克隆到原核表达载体pET32a(+)后转化大肠杆菌BL21(DE3),用IPTG诱导表达并进行柱层析纯化,纯化产物以Western印迹进行鉴定并免疫BALB/c小鼠,通过ELISA检测免疫血清效价。结果:目的蛋白在大肠杆菌中获得了可溶性高表达,经三步柱层析后纯度高于95%,经Western印迹检测可与野生型V抗原单克隆抗体特异性结合,免疫小鼠后获得高效价免疫血清。结论:获得了无标签的鼠疫耶尔森菌Ⅴ抗原突变体蛋白,并证实其具有免疫原性,将对V抗原结构和功能的研究提供帮助。     

Recent advances in the study of Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus replication and pathogenesis

It has now been over twenty years since a novel herpesviral genome was identified in Kaposi's sarcoma biopsies. Since then, the cumulative research effort by molecular biologists, virologists, clinicians, and epidemiologists alike has led to the extensive characterization of this tumor virus, Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus(KSHV; also known as human herpesvirus 8(HHV-8)), and its associated diseases. Here we review the current knowledge of KSHV biology and pathogenesis, with a particular emphasis on new and exciting advances in the field of epigenetics. We also discuss the development and practicality of various cell culture and animal model systems to study KSHV replication and pathogenesis.     

A Unique Protease Cleavage Site Predicted in the Spike Protein of the Novel Pneumonia Coronavirus (2019-nCoV) Potentially Related to Viral Transmissibility

正Dear Editor,In December 2019, a novel human coronavirus caused an epidemic of severe pneumonia(Coronavirus Disease 2019,COVID-19) in Wuhan, Hubei, China(Wu et al. 2020; Zhu et al. 2020). So far, this virus has spread to all areas of China and even to other countries. The epidemic has caused 67,102 confirmed infections with 1526 fatal cases     

Curcuminoids as inhibitors of thioredoxin reductase: A receptor based pharmacophore study with distance mapping of the active site

Curcumin is the yellow pigment of turmeric that interacts irreversibly forming an adduct with thioredoxin reductase (TrxR), an enzyme responsible for redox control of cell and defence against oxidative stress. Docking at both the active sites of TrxR was performed to compare the potency of three naturally occurring curcuminoids, namely curcumin, demethoxy curcumin and bis-demethoxy curcumin. Results show that active sites of TrxR occur at the junction of E and F chains. Volume and area of both cavities is predicted. It has been concluded by distance mapping of the most active conformations that Se atom of catalytic residue SeCYS498, is at a distance of 3.56 from C13 of demethoxy curcumin at the E chain active site, whereas C13 carbon atom forms adduct with Se atom of SeCys 498. We report that at least one methoxy group in curcuminoids is necessary for interation with catalytic residues of thioredoxin. Pharmacophore of both active sites of the TrxR receptor for curcumin and demethoxy curcumin molecules has been drawn and proposed for design and synthesis of most probable potent antiproliferative synthetic drugs.     

Synthesis and antimicrobial studies of hydrazone derivatives of 4-[3-(2,4-difluorophenyl)-4-formyl-1H-pyrazol-1-yl]benzoic acid and 4-[3-(3,4-difluorophenyl)-4-formyl-1H-pyrazol-1-yl]benzoic acid

Microbial resistance to antibiotics is an unresolved global concern, which needs urgent and coordinated action. One of the guidelines of the Centers for Disease Control and Preventions (CDC) to combat antibiotic resistance is the development of new antibiotics to treat drug-resistant bacteria. In our effort to find new antibiotics, we report the synthesis and antimicrobial studies of 30 new pyrazole derivatives. These novel molecules have been synthesized by using readily available starting materials and benign reaction conditions. Some of these molecules have shown activity with MIC values as low as 0.78?µg/mL against four bacterial strains; Staphylococcus aureus, methicillin-resistant S. aureus, Bacillus subtilis, and Acinetobacter baumannii. Furthermore, active molecules are non-toxic to mammalian cell line.

     

Comparative morphology of the carpel in the Liliaceae: Hewardieae, Petrosavieae, and Tricyrteae

The young pistils in the melanthioid tribes, Hewardieae, Petrosavieae and Tricyrteae, are uniformly tricarpellate and syncarpous. They lack raphide idioblasts. All are multiovulate, with bitegmic ovules. The Petrosavieae are marked by the presence of septal glands and incomplete syncarpy. Tepals and stamens adhere to the ovary in the Hewardieae and the Petrosavieae but not in the Tricyrteae. Two vascular bundles occur in the stamens of the Hewartlieae and Tricyrtis latifolia. Ventral bundles in the upper part of the ovary of the Hewardieae are continuous with compound septal bundles and placental bundles in the lower part. Putative ventral bundles occur in the alternate position in the Tricyrteae and putative placental bundles in the opposite. position in the Petrosavieae. The dichtomously branched stigma in each carpel of the Tricyrteae is supplied by a bifurcated dorsal bundle.     

Novel compounds with potent CDK9 inhibitory activity for the treatment of myeloma

Cyclin-dependent kinases (CDKs) and Polo-like kinases (PLKs) play key role in the regulation of the cell cycle. The aim of our study was originally the further development of our recently discovered polo-like kinase 1 (PLK1) inhibitors. A series of new 2,4-disubstituted pyrimidine derivatives were synthesized around the original hit, but their PLK1 inhibitory activity was very poor. However the novel compounds showed nanomolar CDK9 inhibitory activity and very good antiproliferative effect on multiple myeloma cell lines (RPMI-8226).