黄斑蕉弄蝶蛹营养成分分析

通过对黄斑蕉弄蝶蛹的部分营养分析表明,黄斑蕉弄蝶蛹具有高蛋白、低脂肪的特点,蛋白质含量丰富为76.3%、脂肪含量为15.8%;矿质元素种类多且含量丰富;总氨基酸含量较高为628.2 mg/g干重,其中必需氨基酸含量占45.1%,必需氨基酸与非必需氨基酸的比值为0.82,各种必需氨基酸含量均衡,第一限制性氨基酸为含硫氨酸(蛋氨酸和胱氨酸)含量为24.4 mg/g蛋白质,占FAO模式参考值的70.0%。黄斑蕉弄蝶蛹具有较高营养价值,它的食用开发具有巨大的潜力和广阔的市场前景。     

白带锯蛱蝶幼虫和蛹的营养成分比较分析

探寻白带锯蛱蝶幼虫和蛹的主要营养成分,为它们的食用开发提供理论基础。运用营养分析方法分析表明白带锯蛱蝶幼虫和蛹的矿质元素含量丰富,粗脂肪含量分别占其干重的7.74%和12.1%,蛋白质含量分别占其干重的70.2%和67.8%,总氨基酸的含量分别为478.0 mg/g干重和519.4 mg/g干重,必需氨基酸分别占总氨基酸的比例为36.4%和33.7%,必需氨基酸与非必需氨基酸的比值分别为0.57和0.51,它们的第一限制氨基酸都为苏氨酸,第二限制氨基酸都为缬氨酸,必需氨基酸指数分别为0.86和0.93。白带锯蛱蝶幼虫和蛹除了各种矿质元素含量差异显著外,其余各营养成分含量相近,具有高蛋白、低脂肪、矿质元素含量丰富、蛋白质质量较好、必需氨基酸含量较高以及氨基酸结构较不平衡等特点。综上,白带锯蛱蝶幼虫和蛹具有较高的营养价值,它的食用开发具有巨大的潜力和广阔的市场前景。     

白带锯蛱蝶幼虫和蛹的营养成分比较分析北大核心CSCD

探寻白带锯蛱蝶幼虫和蛹的主要营养成分,为它们的食用开发提供理论基础。运用营养分析方法分析表明白带锯蛱蝶幼虫和蛹的矿质元素含量丰富,粗脂肪含量分别占其干重的7.74%和12.1%,蛋白质含量分别占其干重的70.2%和67.8%,总氨基酸的含量分别为478.0 mg/g干重和519.4 mg/g干重,必需氨基酸分别占总氨基酸的比例为36.4%和33.7%,必需氨基酸与非必需氨基酸的比值分别为0.57和0.51,它们的第一限制氨基酸都为苏氨酸,第二限制氨基酸都为缬氨酸,必需氨基酸指数分别为0.86和0.93。白带锯蛱蝶幼虫和蛹除了各种矿质元素含量差异显著外,其余各营养成分含量相近,具有高蛋白、低脂肪、矿质元素含量丰富、蛋白质质量较好、必需氨基酸含量较高以及氨基酸结构较不平衡等特点。综上,白带锯蛱蝶幼虫和蛹具有较高的营养价值,它的食用开发具有巨大的潜力和广阔的市场前景。     

丹参种子脂肪及蛋白质组分分析

以陕西商洛丹参GAP基地丹参种子为材料,用气相色谱法分析丹参种子中的脂肪酸组分.用VS-KT-P型自动凯氏定氮仪分析种子蛋白质总含量及蛋白质组分,用121M型氨基酸分析仪测定种子所含氨基酸的种类,以明确丹参种子中脂肪和蛋白质的利用价值.结果表明:丹参种子脂肪中的不饱和脂肪酸含量高达88.1%,其中亚麻酸、哑油酸和油酸等不饱和脂肪酸分别占总油脂的28.84%、37.43%和22.03%,而且,亚麻酸和亚油酸等多不饱和脂肪酸含量(66%)明显高于单不饱和脂肪酸含量(22%),说明其脂肪酸的组成不饱和程度高.丹参种子中蛋白质总含量为14.46%,其中麦谷蛋白含量最高,占蛋白质总量的72.57%,其余依次为清蛋白17.03%、醇溶蛋白6.09%、球蛋白4.31%;丹参种子蛋白质中的必需氨基酸(EAA)占氨基酸总量(TAA)的59.2%,其中赖氨酸的氨基酸比值系数分(SRC)为88.91,其它必需氨基酸SRC接近100.结果说明丹参种子具有一定的营养价值和保健作用.     

干旱胁迫与复水过程中遮光对细叶小羽藓的生理生化影响

以细叶小羽藓为试材,分别设置全光照、遮光30％、遮光50％和遮光70％条件,采用人工控水方法研究了干旱胁迫与复水过程中细叶小羽藓的质膜透性、渗透调节能力及抗氧化酶系统的变化.结果表明:于旱胁迫过程中,细叶小羽藓的相对含水量呈下降趋势,而相对电导率在干旱21 d时达到最大值,且全光照下的相对电导率最高(58.0％);可溶性糖和游离脯氨酸含量均先上升后下降;超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)和过氧化物酶(POD)活性先持续上升而后下降.在复水过程中,细叶小羽藓的相对含水量与干旱胁迫时相反;相对电导率、可溶性糖含量、游离脯氨酸含量、SOD和POD活性先小幅回升后逐渐下降,但SOD和POD活性仍较高;复水后大部分指标都恢复到干旱胁迫前水平.细叶小羽藓具备复苏植物的典型特征,在变水过程中有较强的抗旱能力.     

金边地鳖营养成分分析与评价

本文主要对金边地鳖Opisthoplata orientalis Buron的一般营养成分,氨基酸、脂肪酸的组成及含量和矿物质元素进行了分析测试。结果表明：粗蛋白、粗脂肪、水分和灰分的含量分别是：80%、112%、377%、493%;含有18种氨基酸,总氨基酸含量39378861mg/100g,其中8种必需氨基酸和2种半必需氨基酸占氨基酸总量的471%,必需氨基酸和非必需氨基酸的比值为062,符合FAO推荐的理想蛋白模式;脂肪酸有11种,其中7种不饱和脂肪酸占总油脂的7478%,不饱和脂肪酸中的油酸含量高达613%;检测的5种常量元素和5种微量元素中K、P、Mg、Ca、Na、Zn、Mn、Cu 8种元素含量较为丰富,Fe含量较少,含有有益元素Se。作为传统的中药昆虫,金边地鳖同时还具有丰富的营养成分,是具有深入开发和利用价值的药用及食用昆虫。     

鞭角华扁叶蜂幼虫的营养成分分析

采用现代分析技术手段对鞭角华扁叶蜂Chinolydaflagellicornis(F.Smith)幼虫的主要营养成分进行分析,结果表明其鲜虫浆的蛋白质、氨基酸、粗脂肪、糖类及灰分含量分别为17.1%,13.5%,6.7%,1.0%和1.5%,胆固醇含量为0.3mg/g;含有7种人体必需氨基酸,其必需氨基酸占总氨基酸含量的43.0%,必需氨基酸与非必需氨基酸含量的比值为75.3%,第一限制性氨基酸为含硫氨基酸,即蛋氨酸和胱氨酸;同时,其不饱和脂肪酸与必需脂肪酸分别占总脂肪的61.3%和24.3%,特别是油酸和亚麻酸含量较高,分别达37.0%和18.4%;此外,还含有K,Ca,Mg,Fe,Zn,Cu,Mn等多种矿物质和微量元素。最后在分析其营养价值的基础上,对鞭角华扁叶蜂幼虫的开发利用价值进行了评价。     

泽泻梗的营养成分及对α-葡萄糖苷酶活性的影响

采用国标方法测定泽泻梗的营养成分,用化学比分法和氨基酸比值系数法对其蛋白质的营养价值进行评价。此外,还对泽泻梗粗提物抑制α-葡萄糖苷酶的活性进行了测定。结果表明:泽泻梗(每100 g干样)含粗蛋白26.10 g、粗脂肪2.20 g、总膳食纤维27.56 g、灰分8.70 g、多糖4.22 g、还原糖4.87 g、维生素C 406.30 mg、胡萝卜素380.00μg。泽泻梗蛋白质组成中必需氨基酸/总氨基酸(EAA/TAA)为39.54%、必需氨基酸/非必需氨基酸(EAA/NEAA)为60.46%,鲜味氨基酸占总氨基酸含量的40%以上;其第一限制性氨基酸为含硫氨基酸(蛋氨酸和胱氨酸)。浓度为500μg/m L的泽泻梗水提醇沉物、泽泻梗醇提物的α-葡萄糖苷酶抑制率分别为43.75%、39.90%。     

鼻优草螽的资源成分分析及价值评价

本文分析评价了鼻优草螽Euconocephalus nasutus Thunberg的资源成分。结果表明:采于牧草地和采于水稻田的鼻优草螽都具有丰富的营养,其粗蛋白含量分别为18.39%和9.34%、粗脂肪含量分别为5.93%和13.22%、灰分含量分别为0.65%和0.52%、总糖含量分别为0.27%和0.28%;总氨基酸含量分别为19.832mg/g和10.957mg/g,其中必需氨基酸占总氨基酸的45.185%和49.557%,必需氨基酸与非必需氨基酸的比值分别为0.824和0.982;其脂肪酸分别占总脂肪的59.66%和69.72%,多不饱和脂肪酸和饱和脂肪酸含量的比值为0.44和0.29;此外,鼻优草螽还含有丰富Ca、Fe、Zn、Na、Cu、Mn、P等矿质元素和微量元素。在分析了鼻优草螽的资源成分基础上,对其开发利用价值进行了评价。     

艳妇斑粉蝶蛹和成虫的营养成分分析

为了深层次地开发利用艳妇斑粉蝶,探寻艳妇斑粉蝶蛹和成虫的主要营养成分,评价其营养价值水平,运用国家标准检测方法测定艳妇斑粉蝶蛹和成虫的水分、脂肪、蛋白质、矿质元素和氨基酸的含量,分析氨基酸分和必需氨基酸指数,并将艳妇斑粉蝶蛹和成虫的蛋白质、氨基酸、脂肪、矿质元素含量与常见食物的含量进行比较分析.结果显示,艳妇斑粉蝶蛹和成虫具有高蛋白(含量分别为70.7％和76.8％)、低脂肪(含量分别为11.3％ ％和7.1％)、无机物质含量丰富、矿质元素含量水平高、能量值低等特点;艳妇斑粉蝶蛹和成虫的总氨基酸含量较高,分别为417.7 mg·g-1和458.0 mg·g-1,必需氨基酸总含量分别为159.7 mg·g-1和171.7 mg·g-1,必需氨基酸占总氨基酸的比例分别为38.2％和37.5％,必需氨基酸与非必需氨基酸的比值分别为0.62和0.60;艳妇斑粉蝶蛹和成虫的必需氨基酸指数分别为0.75和0.73.艳妇斑粉蝶蛹和成虫具有较高的营养价值和食用开发价值,但是其限制性氨基酸影响了氨基酸结构的平衡.     

Nutritional Composition and Assessment of Gracilaria lemaneiformis Bory

The chemical composition, mineral elements, vitamins, free fatty acids and amino acid content of the edible red alga Gracilaria lemaneiformis Bory, grown in the sea near Nan＇ao island, Guangdong Province, were analyzed in the present study. Gracilaria lemaneiformis Bory showed a total sugar content of 14.65%. The protein content was 21%, of which approximately 41% was determined to be essential amino acids （EAA）. The major amino acid components were glutamic acid, leucine, arginine, and alanine. Of the EAA assayed, methionine and cysteine appeared to be the most limiting amino acids compared with the EAA pattern provided by Food and Agricultural Organization of the United Nations. The total lipids content was 0.87% and comprised a high composition of unsaturated fatty acids （61%）, mainly as linoleic acid and oleic acid, and a little amount of polyunsaturated fatty acid; palmitic acid was the main component （39%） of saturated acids. Relatively high levels of vitamin C, iodine, phosphorus, and zinc were also present in G. lemaneiformis. The nutritional composition between G. lemaneiformis and Nostoc flagelliforme, a rare alga that is widely eaten in Chinese society, was compared. The results suggest that N. flagelliforme can be substituted for by G. lemaneiformis, not only because of their similar shape, but also because of their approximate nutritional composition. Gracilaria lemaneiformis may possibly serve as a potential healthy food in human diets in the future.     

皱肋文蛤氨基酸含量及脂肪酸组成分析

测定了皱肋文蛤(Meretrix lyrata)软体部分的氨基酸含量与脂肪酸组成.共检出17种氨基酸,总含量为软体部干重的52.26%;4种呈味氨基酸(天门冬氨酸、谷氨酸、甘氨酸和丙氨酸)的含量为22.07%,占氨基酸总量的42.23%;必需氨基酸(EAA)总含量为20.72%,其必需氨基酸的构成比例基本符合FAO/W...     

Nutritional Composition and Assessment of Gracilaria Iemaneiformis Bory

The chemical composition, mineral elements, vitamins, free fatty acids and amino acid content of the edible red alga Gracilaria lemaneiformis Bory, grown in the sea near Nan'ao island, Guangdong Province, were analyzed in the present study. Gracilaria lemaneiformis Bory showed a total sugar content of 14.65%. The protein content was 21%, of which approximately 41% was determined to be essential amino acids (EAA).The major amino acid components were glutamic acid, leucine, arginine, and alanine. Of the EAA assayed,methionine and cysteine appeared to be the most limiting amino acids compared with the EAA pattern provided by Food and Agricultural Organization of the United Nations. The total lipids content was 0.87% and comprised a high composition of unsaturated fatty acids (61%), mainly as linoleic acid and oleic acid, and a little amount of polyunsaturated fatty acid; palmitic acid was the main component (39%) of saturated acids.Relatively high levels of vitamin C, iodine, phosphorus, and zinc were also present in G. lemaneiformis. The nutritional composition between G. Iemaneiformis and Nostoc flagelliforme, a rare alga that is widely eaten in Chinese society, was compared. The results suggest that N. flagelliforme can be substituted for by G.Iemaneiformis, not only because of their similar shape, but also because of their approximate nutritional composition. Gracilaria Iemaneiformis may possibly serve as a potential healthy food in human diets in the future.     

蓬蘽果实与叶片氨基酸成分分析

通过对蓬蘽氨基酸成分分析,蓬蘽果实与叶片均含有17种氨基酸,其中7种为人体必需氨基酸。其果实不同类型氨基酸之间的配比及含量达到或接近FAO/WHO提出的理想蛋白质模式谱标准[1]。谷氨酸含量最高,蛋氨酸含量最低,其中谷氨酸、天冬氨酸、亮氨酸居前三位。蓬蘽叶片氨基酸总含量显著高于鲜果,谷氨酸含量最高,丙氨酸含量最低,谷氨酸、赖氨酸、苏氨酸居前三位,均衡度稍逊于果实。作为对照,测定了草莓果叶、茶叶的相关数据。     

Influence of gibberellic acid on <Superscript>14</Superscript>CO<Subscript>2</Subscript> metabolism,growth, and production of alkaloids in <Emphasis Type="Italic">Catharanthus roseus</Emphasis>

Changes in growth parameters, carbon assimilation efficiency, and utilization of ¹⁴CO₂ assimilate into alkaloids in plant parts were investigated at whole plant level by treatment of Catharanthus roseus with gibberellic acid (GA). Application of GA (1 000 g m⁻³) resulted in changes in leaf morphology, increase in stem elongation, leaf and internode length, plant height, and decrease in biomass content. Phenotypic changes were accompanied by decrease in contents of chlorophylls and in photosynthetic capacity. GA application resulted in higher % of total alkaloids accumulated in leaf, stem, and root. GA treatment produced negative phenotypic response in total biomass production but positive response in content of total alkaloids in leaf, stem, and roots. ¹⁴C assimilate partitioning revealed that ¹⁴C distribution in leaf, stem, and root of treated plants was higher than in untreated and variations were observed in contents of metabolites as sugars, amino acids, and organic acids. Capacity to utilize current fixed ¹⁴C derived assimilates for alkaloid production was high in leaves but low in roots of treated plants despite higher content of ¹⁴C metabolites such as sugars, amino acids, and organic acids. In spite of higher availability of metabolites, their utilization into alkaloid production is low in GA-treated roots.     

Effects of long-term starvation on body weight and body composition of juvenile channel catfish, Ictalurus punctatus, with special emphasis on amino acid and fatty acid changes

Triplicate groups of 30 channel catfish Ictalurus punctatus (initial weight: 76.13 ± 0.78 g) were stocked in indoor flow‐through fiberglass tanks and starved for 80 days. Body weight, morphometric parameters, body composition, amino acid and fatty acid changes in muscle and liver tissues were investigated to determine the effect of long‐term starvation on body weight and body composition of juvenile channel catfish. During the starvation period, body weight, condition factor (CF), viscerosomatic index (VSI), hepatosomatic index (HSI) and intraperitoneal fat ratio (IPR) declined (P < 0.05). In the whole body, both protein and lipid decreased while changes in the amount of fat were relatively rapid. Hepatic lipid and carbohydrate contents declined as starvation progressed, but crude protein and moisture contents increased (P < 0.05). In contrast, muscle crude protein showed a greater decline than did muscle lipids, and muscle glycogen remained relatively constant. During the 80‐day starvation period the ratio of total essential amino acids (EAA) to total non‐essential amino acids (NEAA) in muscle and liver (P < 0.05) increased. In muscle tissue, total mono‐unsaturated fatty acids (MUFA) and n‐6 fatty acids decreased, but total saturated fatty acids (SFA) and n‐3 fatty acids, as well as the ratio of n‐3 to n‐6 fatty acids increased (P < 0.05). However, in the liver, starvation resulted in the relative increase of total MUFA and reduction in n‐3 fatty acid contents as well as the ratio of n‐3 to n‐6 fatty acids (P < 0.05). Based on these observations, lipids and glycogen can be considered as more important sources of catabolizable energy in liver, whereas protein might be preferentially mobilized in muscle; lipids played a more important role as energy reserves on a relative basis in the whole body. Channel catfish preferentially utilized NEAA to EAA as an energy substrate and preferentially reserved EAA during starvation. Mobilization of fatty acids showed more variation in the muscle and liver during starvation.     

Seasonal patterns of nucleic acid concentrations and amino acid profiles of Parapenaeus longirostris (Crustacea, Decapoda): relation to growth and nutritional condition

The present work describes the seasonal changes in nucleic acid concentrations and amino acid profiles in the muscle of juvenile Parapenaeus longirostris and their relation to growth and nutritional condition. RNA content varied significantly between seasons, being the highest values attained in spring and the lowest in winter (p < 0.05). Similar results were obtained with RNA:protein and RNA:DNA ratios. In respect to total amino acid content (TAA), a significant increase from winter to spring was observed (p < 0.05) and the major essential amino acids (EAA) were arginine, histidine and leucine. Within non-essential amino acids (NEAA) glutamic acid, aspartic acid, glycine and proline were dominant. From winter to spring, a significant variation in NEAA content occurred (26.8; p < 0.05), mainly due to the significant increase of glutamic acid (79.1) and serine (66.7) (p < 0.05). EAA content did not vary significantly between seasons (p > 0.05). In opposition, during this period a significant decrease in the free amino acid content (FAA) was observed (p < 0.05); a higher percentage of decrease was attained in free non-essential (FNEAA – 42.9) in comparison to free essential amino acids (FEAA – 40.2). The significant increase in RNA and TAA contents from winter to spring may be related with protein synthesis. On the other hand, the lowest values obtained in winter may be due to a reduction in feeding activity; in this period the muscle protein must be progressively hydrolysed, which is evident with the higher FAA content. The liberated amino acids enter FAA pool and become available for energy production. In conclusion, it was evident that the seasonal cycle in activities such as feeding and growth with nucleic acids and amino acid analyses was noticed.     

洞庭湖克氏原螯虾肌肉成分分析及品质特性分析

通过对洞庭湖克氏原螯虾肌肉成分进行分析, 并与其他产地克氏原螯虾进行比较, 进而较为科学的评定其品质特性。结果表明: 克氏原螯虾含肉率为20.21%, 水分和灰分含量分别为79.46%和1.17%, 粗蛋白和粗脂肪含量分别16.67%和0.77%; 对肌肉的质构特性分析表明克氏原螯虾肌肉硬度小, 易咀嚼; 肌肉中含18种氨基酸, 其中包括8种必需氨基酸, 必需氨基酸指数为80.02%, 氨基酸总含量为16.06%, 鲜味氨基酸含量为5.98%; 依据氨基酸化学评分, 克氏原螯虾的第一限制性氨基酸是含硫氨基酸(甲硫氨基酸和胱氨酸), 第二限制性氨基酸是缬氨酸。测定了克氏原螯虾肌肉中15种脂肪酸占肌肉鲜质量的含量, 其总脂肪酸含量为6.66‰, 其中不饱和脂肪酸含量为4.94‰, n-3与n-6多不饱和脂肪酸比值为1.73。综上所述, 洞庭湖克氏原螯虾具有较高的食用价值和养殖价值。     

海拔对岷山大熊猫主食竹营养成分和氨基酸含量的影响

缺苞箭竹(Fargesia denudata)是岷山山系大熊猫的主食竹,其可食性在大熊猫食物营养质量评价中具有重要意义。为揭示海拔梯度上温差对大熊猫主食竹营养成分及其含量的影响,以自然生长在岷山山系核心区四川王朗国家级自然保护区不同海拔(2600、2850、3100 m)的缺苞箭竹为对象,对其笋、秆和叶的营养成分和氨基酸含量进行了研究。结果表明:(1)同一海拔缺苞箭竹的粗蛋白和粗脂肪含量均表现为叶笋秆,且笋、秆和叶的营养成分含量有显著差异(P0.05);(2)粗蛋白和氨基酸总量随海拔升高而显著增加(P0.05),而对粗脂肪和粗纤维的影响不显著(P0.05);(3)除笋中苏氨酸、甘氨酸、半胱氨酸,秆中丝氨酸、蛋氨酸以及叶中半胱氨酸外,海拔对其余氨基酸含量均有显著影响(P0.05);(4)海拔对粗蛋白/粗脂肪、粗蛋白/粗纤维有显著影响(P0.05),在笋和秆中表现为海拔3100 m最高,而海拔对纤维素/粗纤维、粗脂肪/粗纤维的影响不显著(P0.05)。缺苞箭竹叶、笋的营养成分含量明显高于秆;高海拔有利于缺苞箭竹各器官粗蛋白和氨基酸的积累,不利于粗纤维的积累,这可能使大熊猫的取食选择发生改变,更倾向于取食高海拔的笋和叶。     

Utilization of exogenously supplied 14C-saccharose into primary metabolites and alkaloid production in Catharanthus roseus

Partitioning of exogenously supplied U-¹⁴C-saccharose into primary metabolic pool as sugars, amino acids, and organic acids was analyzed and simultaneous utilization for production of alkaloid by leaf, stem, and root in twigs and rooted plants of Catharanthus roseus grown in hydroponic culture medium was determined. Twigs revealed comparable distribution of total ¹⁴C label in leaf and stem. Stems contained significantly higher ¹⁴C label in sugar fraction and in alkaloids [47 kBq kg⁻¹(DM)] than leaf. In rooted plants, label in ¹⁴C in metabolic fractions in root such as ethanol-soluble, ethanol-insoluble, and chloroform-soluble fractions and in components such as sugars, amino acids, and organic acids were significantly higher than in stems and leaves. This was related with significantly higher content of ¹⁴C in alkaloids in stems and leaves. ¹⁴C contents in sugars, amino acids, and organic acids increased from leaf to stem and roots. Roots are the major accumulators of metabolites accompanied by higher biosynthetic utilization for alkaloid accumulation.