铜锈微囊藻两种表型的生长生理特性及毒素组成比较分析

从滇池蓝藻水华中分离得到的铜锈微囊藻群体在实验室无机营养中解聚成单细胞,结果表明,群体微囊藻的生长速度明显低于单细胞微囊藻;前者具明显可见的胞外酸性多糖胶鞘,而单细胞则几乎没有;按常规方法分析比较两种细胞形态的毒性大小和毒素组成,发现群体微囊藻主要含有三种微囊藻毒素的异构体,而单细胞以MCLR为主;且单细胞微囊藻的毒性约为群体的10倍.二者的LDH和PGM同工酶酶谱也有差异.本研究为解释毒素的合成和调控机理提供了新的证据.       

群体和单细胞微囊藻对短期高光胁迫的生理响应

为了探讨不同形态的微囊藻（Microcystis）对光的耐受能力及其应对机制,研究比较了短期高光强条件下群体微囊藻和单细胞微囊藻的生理响应,结果表明,在高光强胁迫下,群体和单细胞微囊藻的叶绿素含量、最大电子传递速率（ETR_max）均降低,但与单细胞微囊藻相比,群体微囊藻的下降幅度较小;在高光强胁迫下,群体微囊藻的过氧化氢酶（CAT）与超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）的活性均显著增加,而单细胞微囊藻只有CAT活性增加;在短期高光胁迫下,群体微囊藻的死亡率没有显著变化。这些结果表明群体微囊藻比单细胞微囊藻能耐受更高的光强,也暗示了群体微囊藻在野外高光强条件下更具竞争优势。     

群体和单细胞微囊藻对短期温度变化的生理响应

为了探索短期温度变化对群体微囊藻和单细胞微囊藻的影响, 在室内受控模拟条件下研究了在10℃、25℃和35℃三个温度梯度下, 群体和单细胞微囊藻对短期温度变化的生理响应。研究表明: 与对照组25℃相比, 在10℃培养下, 微囊藻叶绿素浓度显著降低, SOD活性和死亡率均显著增加。与群体微囊藻相比, 在10℃下单细胞微囊藻叶绿素浓度显著下降, F_v/F_m下降, SOD活性显著增加。在35℃培养下, 单细胞微囊藻叶绿素浓度上升, 死亡率和SOD活性增加, 而群体微囊藻则呈现出叶绿素浓度和死亡率降低, CAT活性增加。结果表明短期的温度变化影响了群体和单细胞微囊藻生理机制, 与单细胞微囊藻相比, 群体更能适应短期的温度胁迫, 导致其更具优势。     

底泥中微囊藻复苏和生长特性的研究

研究了微囊藻群体从底泥中释放进入水体的过程及这一过程与水体温度、光照及营养盐的关系 ,并比较了底泥和水体中微囊藻群体的生长特性。同时 ,比较了温度对经低温 (4℃ )处理的和处于对数期的Microcystis.sp .94 0的叶绿素荧光强度的影响。结果表明 ,在 15℃ ,30 μEm-2 s-1光照条件下 ,底泥中的微囊藻群体复苏开始启动 ,并于15d后开始上升到水体中。研究表明 ,存在于底泥中的微囊藻群体从底泥中迁移至上层水体的最适条件为 2 0℃ ,30 μEm-2 s-1。分别培养底泥微囊藻群体和同时期水体中的微囊藻群体 ,研究它们的生长特性 ,发现底泥中的微囊藻群体生长的最适温度为 2 0℃ ,光照强度为 30 μEm-2 s-1,与同期水体中的微囊藻群体生长条件相似。经低温 (4℃ )处理的微囊藻群体和生长周期处于对数期的微囊藻群体叶绿素荧光的影响的实验中 ,作者发现在 2 0℃和 2 5℃时 ,两种经过不同处理的微囊藻群体都随着时间增加而增长。但是 ,在 10℃和 15℃时 ,低温处理的微囊藻群体的叶绿素荧光随着时间增加而增长 ,而处于对数期的微囊藻群体的叶绿素荧光随着时间增加而降低。这表明长期处于低温和黑暗环境中的微囊藻细胞的光系统Ⅱ未受到严重的损伤 ,当环境转变有利于生长时 ,微囊藻细胞的光系统Ⅱ恢复活性。本研究结     

微囊藻细胞抽提液对小鼠血液的亚慢性毒性

本文研究了注射含微囊藻毒素的微囊藻细胞抽提掖对小鼠血液以及免疫系统的亚慢性毒性作用。实验分为3个处理组和1个对照组（每组10只昆明小鼠,雌雄各半）,采用腹腔注射的染毒方法对3个处理组进行暴露,剂量分别为2.4、4.8 和 9.6 μg microcystin-LR/kg body weigh,对照组注射等量的生理盐水,连续注射14d。实验结果表明,14d 染毒后,小鼠的肝体比和脾体比都明显增大（p < 0.05）, 同时在9.6 μg/kg处理组,血清丙氨酸转移酶、天冬氨酸转移酶、乳酸脱氢酶和碱性磷酸酶活性与对照相比明显升高,但血清总蛋白、白蛋白和白蛋白/球蛋白比率下降。这些指标的变化说明,含微囊藻毒素的微囊藻细胞提取液对处理组小鼠肝脏造成了损伤,肝组织学观察也印证了这个结果,在处理组小鼠肝组织有明显的水样变性。另外,9.6 μg/kg处理组小鼠血液白细胞数量比对照组明显减少。组织细胞学观察发现,处理组小鼠脾脏也有明显的损伤。该实验结果说明,含微囊藻毒素的微囊藻细胞抽提液对小鼠的血液和免役系统都产生了一定程度的损伤。     

光强对微囊藻群体形态的影响及其生理机制研究简

为了探讨光照对微囊藻形态的影响,研究了6株不同种的群体微囊藻在不同光强下群体形态的变化及其响应机制。研究发现,随着光强的增加,6株群体微囊藻的群体尺寸变大。当光强为80—200μmol/(m2·s)时,群体微囊藻DH-M1和DC-M2的比生长速率显著增大,而另4株在高光强下比生长速率无显著性差异;对多糖含量分析发现,高光强对群体微囊藻TH-M2、DC-M1、FACHB1174和FACHB1027胞外及胶被多糖的分泌与释放有显著的促进效果,而DH-M1和DC-M2多糖含量增加不明显。对于不同的微囊藻株,高光强促进群体形态变化的作用机理不同:光饱和点低的微囊藻是通过分泌大量的胞外及胶被多糖使群体尺寸变大,而光饱和点高的微囊藻是通过生长来促进群体尺寸的增大。此外,对产毒藻株在不同光强下的毒素基因表达及胞内毒素测定发现,高光强组的群体微囊藻mcyB和mcyD表达量升高,且胞内微囊藻毒素含量增加显著,推测微囊藻毒素也可能是影响微囊藻群体形态及大小的作用因子之一。     

光强对微囊藻群体形态的影响及其生理机制研究

为了探讨光照对微囊藻形态的影响,研究了6株不同种的群体微囊藻在不同光强下群体形态的变化及其响应机制。研究发现,随着光强的增加,6株群体微囊藻的群体尺寸变大。当光强为80200 mol/（m2s）时,群体微囊藻DH-M1和DC-M2的比生长速率显著增大,而另4株在高光强下比生长速率无显著性差异;对多糖含量分析发现,高光强对群体微囊藻TH-M2、DC-M1、FACHB1174和FACHB1027胞外及胶被多糖的分泌与释放有显著的促进效果,而DH-M1和DC-M2多糖含量增加不明显。对于不同的微囊藻株,高光强促进群体形态变化的作用机理不同:光饱和点低的微囊藻是通过分泌大量的胞外及胶被多糖使群体尺寸变大,而光饱和点高的微囊藻是通过生长来促进群体尺寸的增大。此外,对产毒藻株在不同光强下的毒素基因表达及胞内毒素测定发现,高光强组的群体微囊藻mcyB和mcyD表达量升高,且胞内微囊藻毒素含量增加显著,推测微囊藻毒素也可能是影响微囊藻群体形态及大小的作用因子之一。       

铜绿微囊藻对紫外辐射的生理代谢响应

采用紫外(UV)滤膜过滤日光UV以及紫外灯添加UV的方法,研究了UV辐射对铜绿微囊藻Microcystis aeruginosa单细胞藻株PCC7806和群体藻XW01生长及生理代谢的影响。结果显示,在室内条件下低剂量UV辐射可促进群体微囊藻XW01生长;室外条件下与滤除了UV的光照相比,含有UV的完全日光更有利于微囊藻生长;而相同的UV辐射强度均导致单细胞株死亡,群体株显示了较强的UV抗性;日光中的UV可促进XW01合成抗氧化相关的超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)和过氧化氢酶(CAT)、促进胞外多糖的产生并形成较大的群体、促进UV屏障物质类菌孢素氨基酸(MAAs)和伪枝藻素(Scy)积累。这些生理代谢的改变,消除了阳光辐射中UV对微囊藻的伤害。研究的结果提示,自然条件下阳光中的UV有助于群体微囊藻生长。     

阴离子表面活性剂LAS对产毒和无毒微囊藻生长及产毒特性的影响

文章研究了低浓度范围内不同浓度梯度的阴离子表面活性剂直链烷基苯磺酸盐(LAS)对产毒微囊藻(Microcystis aeruginosa, FACHB905)和无毒微囊藻(Microcystis wesenbergii, FACHB908)生长、光合特性、种间竞争及毒素合成的影响。结果表明,在0.05—5.0 mg/L LAS浓度梯度处理下,产毒微囊藻的生物量、产毒基因mcyD表达量和每细胞MCs含量均在培养12d后显著增加。产毒微囊藻胞内和胞外MCs含量在各LAS浓度处理后分别为0.069、0.052、0.061、0.038和0.037 fg/fg Chl.a及107.1、103.7、127.1、99.6和113.7 ng/L。即使在0.5 mg/L低浓度LAS处理条件下,上述3个参数也分别比对照组显著增加了24.2%、12.4倍和10.4%。浓度为0—0.2 mg/L LAS对无毒微囊藻的生物量无明显影响,而较高浓度的LAS(0.5—5.0 mg/L)明显抑制了无毒微囊藻的生长。在两株微囊藻混合培养时, 0.2—1.0 mg/L LAS处理组的产毒铜绿微囊藻mcy D的表达对LAS...     

产毒微囊藻藻粉的脱毒技术研究

为了达到对收获的微囊藻藻粉安全脱毒的目的 ,分别使用了调节pH ,NaClO处理和臭氧处理微囊藻干粉 ,并检测其脱毒效果和脱毒过程中蛋白质的损失率 ,以期找到一种可行的微囊藻藻粉安全脱毒方法。研究结果表明 ,调节pH值的方法试剂用量大且脱毒不彻底 ;NaClO处理也因对藻粉的渗透性较差而效果不佳。臭氧水溶液处理藻粉 ,处理时间短 ,且脱毒彻底 ,有实际应用前景     

Curcuminoids as inhibitors of thioredoxin reductase: A receptor based pharmacophore study with distance mapping of the active site

Curcumin is the yellow pigment of turmeric that interacts irreversibly forming an adduct with thioredoxin reductase (TrxR), an enzyme responsible for redox control of cell and defence against oxidative stress. Docking at both the active sites of TrxR was performed to compare the potency of three naturally occurring curcuminoids, namely curcumin, demethoxy curcumin and bis-demethoxy curcumin. Results show that active sites of TrxR occur at the junction of E and F chains. Volume and area of both cavities is predicted. It has been concluded by distance mapping of the most active conformations that Se atom of catalytic residue SeCYS498, is at a distance of 3.56 from C13 of demethoxy curcumin at the E chain active site, whereas C13 carbon atom forms adduct with Se atom of SeCys 498. We report that at least one methoxy group in curcuminoids is necessary for interation with catalytic residues of thioredoxin. Pharmacophore of both active sites of the TrxR receptor for curcumin and demethoxy curcumin molecules has been drawn and proposed for design and synthesis of most probable potent antiproliferative synthetic drugs.     

A Unique Protease Cleavage Site Predicted in the Spike Protein of the Novel Pneumonia Coronavirus (2019-nCoV) Potentially Related to Viral Transmissibility

正Dear Editor,In December 2019, a novel human coronavirus caused an epidemic of severe pneumonia(Coronavirus Disease 2019,COVID-19) in Wuhan, Hubei, China(Wu et al. 2020; Zhu et al. 2020). So far, this virus has spread to all areas of China and even to other countries. The epidemic has caused 67,102 confirmed infections with 1526 fatal cases     

Comparative morphology of the carpel in the Liliaceae: Hewardieae, Petrosavieae, and Tricyrteae

The young pistils in the melanthioid tribes, Hewardieae, Petrosavieae and Tricyrteae, are uniformly tricarpellate and syncarpous. They lack raphide idioblasts. All are multiovulate, with bitegmic ovules. The Petrosavieae are marked by the presence of septal glands and incomplete syncarpy. Tepals and stamens adhere to the ovary in the Hewardieae and the Petrosavieae but not in the Tricyrteae. Two vascular bundles occur in the stamens of the Hewartlieae and Tricyrtis latifolia. Ventral bundles in the upper part of the ovary of the Hewardieae are continuous with compound septal bundles and placental bundles in the lower part. Putative ventral bundles occur in the alternate position in the Tricyrteae and putative placental bundles in the opposite. position in the Petrosavieae. The dichtomously branched stigma in each carpel of the Tricyrteae is supplied by a bifurcated dorsal bundle.     

Entwicklungsgeschichte und Ultrastruktur von Pollenkitt und Exine bei nahe verwandten entomophilen und anemophilen Angiospermensippen derAlismataceae,Liliaceae, Juncaceae,Cyperaceae, Poaceae undAraceae

Some closely related members of the monocotyledonous familiesAlismataceae, Liliaceae, Juncaceae, Cyperaceae, Poaceae andAraceae with variable modes of pollination (insect- and wind-pollination) were studied in relation to the ultrastructure of pollenkitt and exine (amount, consistency and distribution of pollenkitt on the surface of pollen grains). The character syndromes of pollen cementing in entomophilous, anemophilous and intermediate (ambophilous or amphiphilous) monocotyledons are the same in principal as in dicotyledons. Comparing present with former results one can summarize: 1) The pollenkitt is always produced in the same manner by the anther tapetum in all angiosperm sub-classes. 2) The variable stickiness of entomophilous and anemophilous pollen always depends on the particular distribution and consistency of the pollenkitt, but not its amount on the pollen surface. 3) The mostly dry and powdery pollen of anemophilous plants always contains a variable amount of inactive pollenkitt in its exine cavities. 4) A step-by step change of the pollen cementing syndrome can be observed from entomophily towards anemophily. 5) From the omnipresence of pollenkitt in all wind-pollinated angiosperms studied one can conclude that the ancestors of anemophilous angiosperms probably have been zoophilous (i.e. entomophilous) throughout.

     

Identification and Characterization of the First Equine Parainfluenza Virus 5

正Dear Editor,Parainfluenza virus 5 (PIV5), known as canine parainfluenza virus in the veterinary field, is a negative-sense,nonsegmented, single-stranded RNA virus belonging to the Paramyxoviridae family (Chen 2018). The virus was first reported in primary monkey kidney cells in 1954 (Hsiung1972), then it has been frequently discovered in various     

Pathogenic Characterization and Full Length Genome Sequence of a Reassortant Infectious Bursal Disease Virus Newly Isolated in Pakistan

<正>Dear Editor,Infectious bursal disease (IBD) is one of the most important diseases of the poultry. The IBD virus (IBDV), a nonenveloped virus belonging to the Birnaviridae family with a genome consisting of two segments of double-stranded RNA (segments A and B), targets B lymphocytes of bursa of Fabricious leading to immunosuppression. In Pakistan,poultry farming is the second biggest industry and IBD is the second biggest disease threating the poultry sector.However, there is limited genome information of IBDV