二倍体多年生大刍草及其与玉米的杂种F_1同工酶和可溶性蛋白质电泳研究

两年来用聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳方法对二倍体多年生大刍草与玉米配制的16个杂交组合的杂种F_1叶片过氧化物酶同工酶分析结果表明:杂种F_1酶谱的主要特点:第一,所有杂种都像亲本二倍体多年生大刍草一样具有Rf=0.52的酶带。第二,杂种酶谱主要表现为互补两个亲本酶谱的模式。在杂种F_1的可溶性蛋白质扫描曲线图中有一像亲本二倍体多年生大刍草一样的Rf=0.28的蛋白质分子峰甚显著。     

中华绒螯蟹不同发育时期胚胎及流产胚胎的同工酶变化

采用聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳技术,对中华绒螯蟹(Erlocheir sinensis)不同发育时期胚胎及流产胚胎的6种同工酶(乳酸脱氢酶、醇脱氢酶、苹果酸脱氢酶、酯酶、淀粉酶和过氧化物酶)进行了研究。结果表明,不同发育时期胚胎的乳酸脱氢酶、醇脱氢酶、苹果酸脱氢酶、酯酶及淀粉酶酶谱表现出一定差异。受精卵中未检测到乳酸脱氢酶同工酶活性,卵裂期和囊胚期出现4条酶带,无节幼体及溞状幼体期只有2条酶带;醇脱氢酶同工酶在中华绒螯蟹胚胎发育的各阶段均有表达,但表达的酶带数和活性有区别;在受精卵和溞状幼体期无苹果酸脱氢酶酶带显示,卵裂期酶带数最多,酶活性相对也最强,以后随着发育的进行,酶带数和酶活性都有减弱的现象;酯酶同工酶的变化较为复杂,特别是囊胚期,酯酶酶带突然全部消失;淀粉酶有两种类型：α-淀粉酶和R-淀粉酶。从受精卵发育到幼体其酶带数不增反减。不同发育阶段均检测不到过氧化物酶的活性。第二次抱卵胚胎的酶活性和酶带数低于或有别于第一次抱卵的卵裂期胚胎。流产胚胎中醇脱氢酶、乳酸脱氢酶、淀粉酶与第一次抱卵胚胎不同发育时期的酶谱相比略有变化,而苹果酸脱氢酶、酯酶酶带数迅速减少。     

同工酶与玉米杂种优势研究——Ⅵ.关于过氧化物酶同工酶的杂种酶的分析

Schwartz和Beckman曾分别在玉米杂种胚乳的酯酶、酒精脱氢酶和过氧化氢酶等同工酶中发现过杂种酶的存在,即杂种中除具两亲本酶带外,还在两亲本酶带的中间位置出现新的酶带。而Bruce等用15个自交系互配组合检验玉米叶片过氧化物酶同工酶工作中,却没有观察到杂种酶的存在,而只观察到互补酶带。我们曾在玉米叶片的过氧化物酶同工酶     

冬瓜杂种一代及其亲本的同工酶比较研究

对冬瓜芽期子叶的酶提取液进行聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳,分析了过氧化物酶（ＰＥＲ）、酯酶（ＥＳＴ）、苹果酸脱氢酶（ＭＤＨ）同工酶以及蛋白质电泳结果．通过电泳结合光密度扫描研究,发现冬瓜杂种一代“粉杂”与其双亲的过氧化物酶同工酶差异显著．过氧化物酶同工酶可以作为鉴别冬瓜假杂种的生化指标．     

同工酶与玉米杂种优势研究IV．关于过氧化物酶同工酶的杂种酶的分析1) 总被引：7，自引：0，他引：7

杨太兴  曾孟潜  李继耕 《遗传》1981,3(6):31-33

应用过氧化物酶同工酶鉴定山茶属植物杂种F1代的研究

对4个杂交组合的12个杂种F1代植株与亲本进行了形态学比较和过氧化物酶同工酶分析,结果表明以金花茶为父本,云南山茶或云南野山茶为母本杂交产生的11个杂种的幼枝、叶的特征均与母本相似,H-86-1-1的花与母本一致,H-87-2-2的花兼有父母本的特征;H-78-1-1的幼枝、叶的特征与父本相似,其花也兼有父母本的特征。有9株的酶谱为“互补型酶带”,且都出现了杂种带,为真正的杂种;其余2株的酶谱与母本一致,与其形态特征表现出一定的相关性,可能为非真正的杂种。同一个杂交组合产生的杂种,酶谱却有差异,金花茶最为特征的一条带(Rf=0.813)在其所有11个杂种F1代植株中都未表达。     

斯氏并殖吸虫乳酸脱氢酶,苹果酸脱氢酶及酯酶同工酶的研究

本文采用Disc-PAGE电泳,首次对我国独有的斯氏并殖吸虫(Paragonimus skrjabini Chen,1959)成虫、童虫、囊蚴的乳酸脱氢酶(以下简称LDH)、苹果酸脱氢酶(以下简称MDH)和酯酶(以下简称EST)同工酶进行了研究。 在成虫、童虫、囊蚴间,LDH、MDH、EST同工酶在酶带数、排列型式、Rf值、相对活性和优势酶带的位置都存在差异。 根据虫体和宿主组织同工酶谱的不同,可以认为是本虫本身所具有。 同工酶作为其分类指标时,不仅要比较不同虫种成虫稳定的同工酶谱,也要比较同工酶在个体发育型式间的差异。     

离子注入对萝卜过氧化物酶、淀粉酶和蛋白酶同工酶的影响

研究了氮离子和氩离子注入萝卜种子对萝卜幼苗蛋白含量、过氧化物酶活性及过氧化物酶、淀粉酶和蛋白酶同工酶的影响。结果表明 :离子注入后 ,减低萝卜过氧化物酶活性和蛋白含量。萝卜不同生长时期同工酶变化不一样。在子叶时期 ,过氧化物酶同工酶谱带无明显变化 ,淀粉酶同工酶有酶带的消失 ;而在真叶时期 ,过氧化物酶在负极区减少一条酶带 ,Rf为 0 .2 2 ,正极区增加一条酶带 ,Rf为 0 .6 ,且随剂量增加 ,酶带着色增强 ;淀粉酶同工酶在注入剂量为 5× 10 5N+ / cm2 )时 ,有同工酶带增加 ,Rf为 0 .6 1。低剂量时蛋白酶活性增强 ,谱带增多 ,大剂量则减弱。因此 ,N+和 Ar+注入后 ,可影响萝卜过氧化物酶和淀粉酶的表达及蛋白质的合成或降解。     

高粱的杂种优势与同工酶

Schwarcz 在玉米胚乳中发现有酯酶同工酶的“杂种酶带”;chiang Pai 等在栽培稻和野生稻的杂种第一代中,也发现有过氧化物酶的“杂种酶带”;Beckman 在授粉后16天的玉米胚乳中发现有亮氨酰肽酶同工酶的“互补酶带”;Gupta 在水稻胚乳中发现酯酶同工酶与粒重优势有关。李继耕发现玉米胚乳中有与杂种优势有关的四种过氧化物酶酶谱类型。本试验的目的是研究高梁杂种同工酶酶谱型与产量优势的关系。     

''砀山酥''梨果实发育过程中几种酶的谱带和活性变化

幼果期间,‘砀山酥’梨果实中的过氧化物酶（POD）和多酚氧化酶（PPO）的总活性高,同工酶谱带数多,而后,随着果实的生长发育而下降并趋于稳定,花后90d左右出现一条特异性POD同工酶条带;超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）的同工酶谱带和活性在整个发育过程中变化不明显。     

六种藓类植物茎的比较解剖学研究

通过对6种藓类植物,即褶叶青藓(Brachythecium salebrosum(Web.et Mohr.)B.S.G.)、湿地匐灯藓(Plagiomnium acutum(Lindb.)Kop.)、侧枝匐灯藓(Plagiomnium maximoviczii(Lindb.)Kop.)、大凤尾藓(Fissidensnobilis Griff.)、大羽藓(Thuidium cymbifolium(Doz.et Molk.)B.S.G.)和大灰藓(Hypnum plumaeforme Wils.)嫩茎和老茎的石蜡切片和显微观察发现,同一藓类植株的嫩茎和老茎,茎结构稳定,不同种藓类植物茎横切面具有不同特征.植物体茎横切面形状、表层细胞的层数、细胞大小和细胞壁厚薄、皮层细胞大小和形状、中轴的有无以及比例等特征可以作为藓类植物的分科分类依据之一.     

Photoregulation of seed germination of wild-type and of an aurea-mutant of tomato

Seed germination of an aurea mutant of tomato ( Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) is promoted by continuous irradiation with red, far-red or long-wavelength far-red (758 nm) light as well as by cyclic irradiations (5 min red or 5 min far-red/25 min darkness). Far-red light applied immediately after each red does not change the germination behaviour. Seed germination of the isogenic wild-type, cv. UC-105, is promoted by continuous and cyclic red light while it is inhibited by continuous and cyclic far-red light and by continious 758 nm irradiation. Far-red irradiation reverses almost completely the promoting effect of red light. The promoting effect (in the aurea mutant) and the inhibitory effect (in the wild-type) of continuous far-red light do not show photon fluence rate dependency above 20 nmol m⁻² s⁻¹. It is concluded that phytochrome controls tomato seed germination throgh low energy responses in both the wild type and the au mutant. The promoting effect of continuous and cyclic far-red light in the au mutant can be attributed to a greater sensitivity to P_fr.     

Cause of Senescence of Nine Sorts of Flowers

The levels of endogenous phytohormones and respiratory rate in nine sorts of flowers such as Cymbidium faberi Rolfe, Nopalxochia ackermannii Kunth and others were investigated both at full bloom and senescence and meanwhile the effect of exogenous phytohormones on prolonging the blossoms and promoting ethylene production were tested. There is a high content of endogenous ethylene in all the long-lived flowere, about 3–16 folds higer than the short-lived ones. There is a high level of ABA at full blooming flowers of short-lived flowers, in which there is no or only some cytokinins in it, but the ratio of CTK (6BA+zeatin)/ABA is smaller(l.7). The endogenous ABA reached a much higher level at senescence in all nine sorts of flowers, so it is reasonable to consider that it is ABA which plays an important role of regulation in controlling flower's senescence. There is a much higher level of GA3 and zeatin in the long-lived flowers which is not demonstrated in the shortlived ones. The respiratory rate is one of the factors controtling the longevity of flowers, but it does not play a decided role. Application of 6BA and zeatin prolongs distinctly orchid’s longevity, however exogenous IAA through the promotive action on ethylene production, evidently extends the longevity of the flowers of the Nopalxochia ackermannii Kunth.     

龙胆科药用植物化学成分的研究现状

龙胆科植物在我国的分布范围很广,且多数为药用植物,其多数种属的药用植物,至今其化学成分尚未被系统研究。综述了目前龙胆科药用植物的化学成分的研究现状及一般提取方法,对近年来发现的环烯醚萜及裂环烯醚萜类化合物进行了总结,为本科药用植物的更深入研究提供了参考。     

Interconnection of parameters of regulation system of lipid peroxidation and of morphophysiological parameters of mouse liver

A complex analysis of seasonal fluctuations of the mean group parameters of the system of regulation of lipid peroxidation has been performed in liver of Balb/c mice. Association of lipid characteristics and morphophysiological parameters is studied in the Balb/c mouse liver. An inter-connection is revealed between the liver index and the amount of lysoforms of phospholipids, the scale and character of the interconnection differing essentially depending on proportion of phos-phatidylcholine in mouse liver phospholipids.     

真菌类遗传学分析的知识结构教学

本文以认知结构理论为指导,讨论了真菌类遗传分析与高等动植物遗传分析的内在联系,认为利用这种内在联系进行教学可收到好的效果并说明了作者的具体教学过程。 Abstract:In the paper, the relationship between genetic analysis of Fungi and genetic analysis of high animal and plant was discussed.A good results were obtained when we adopted this method in the teaching.     

Physiological characteristics of various species of strains of carboxydobacteria

Seven strains of aerobic carbon monoxide-oxidizing bacteria (carboxydebacteria) when growing on CO as sole source of carbon and energy had doubling times which ranged from 12–42 h. The activity profiles obtained after discontinuous sucrose density gradient centrifugation indicated that the CO-oxidizing enzymes are soluble and the hydrogenases are membrane-bound in all strains examined. The CO-oxidizing enzymes of Pseudomonas carboxydohydrogena, Pseudomonas carboxydoflava, Comamonas compransoris, and the so far unidentified strains OM2, OM3, and OM4 had a molecular weight of 230,000; that of Achromobacter carboxydus amounted to 170,000. The molecular weights of the CO-oxidizing and H₂-oxidizing enzymes turned out to be identical. The cell sonicates were shown to catalyze the oxidation of both CO and H₂ with methylene blue, thionine, phenazine methosulfate, toluylene blue, dichlorophenolindophenol, cytochrome c or ferricyanide as electron acceptors. Methyl viologen, benzyl viologen, FAD⁺, FMN⁺, and NAD(P)⁺ were not reduced. The spectrum of electron acceptors was identical for all strains tested. Neither free formate, hydrogen nor oxygen gas were involved in the CO-oxidation reaction. Methylene blue was reduced by CO at a 1:1 molar ratio. The results indicate that CO-oxidation by carboxydobacteria is catalyzed by identical or similar enzymes and that the reaction obeys the equation CO+H₂OCO₂+2H⁺+2e^- as previously shown for Pseudomonas carboxydovorans.Dedicated to Otto Kandler remembering almost three decades of enjoyable cooperation     

Modulation of allostery of pyruvate kinase by shifting of an ensemble of microstates

Since the introduction of the concepts of allostery about four decades ago, much advancement has been made in elucidating the structure-function correlation in allostery. However, there are still a number of issues that remain unresolved. In this review we used mammalian pyruvate kinase (PK) as a model system to understand the role of protein dynamics in modulating cooperativity. PK has a triosephosphate isomerase (TIM)(α/β)₈ barrel structural motif. PK is an ideal system to address basic questions regarding regulatory mechanisms about this common (α/β)₈ structural motif. The simplest model accounting for all of the solution thermodynamic and kinetic data on ligand-enzyme interactions involves two conformational states, inactive E^T and active E^R. These conformational states are represented by domain movements. Further studies provide the first evidence for a differential effect of ligand binding on the dynamics of the structural elements, not major secondary structural changes. These data are consistent with our model that allosteric regulation of PK is the consequence of perturbation of the distribution of an ensemble of states in which the inactive E^T and active E^R represent the two extreme end states. Sequence differences and ligands can modulate the distribution of states leading to alterations of functions. The future work includes: defining the network of functionally connected residues; elucidating the chemical principles governing the sequence differences which affect functions; and probing the nature of mutations on the stability of the secondary structural elements, which in turn modulate allostery.