坛紫菜藻红蛋白的规模化制备

为了优化坛紫菜粗提工艺以减轻纯化的压力,研究了我国主要经济红藻之一坛紫菜藻红蛋白大规模制备方法。实验采用“溶胀+组织捣碎”法破碎坛紫菜叶状体细胞,对比了多次硫酸铵梯度盐析对破碎液中藻红蛋白的影响,并进一步用羟基磷灰石层析制备藻红蛋白,最后对所得蛋白做了光谱和电泳鉴定。结果表明,经过4次盐析,藻红蛋白吸收光谱纯度达到0.9 (A564/A280),每次的最佳盐析浓度分别为15％、50％、10％和40％;7 kg阴干紫菜经过4次盐析和1次羟基磷灰石层析后可获得507.82 mg藻红蛋白 (A564/A280＞     

硫酸铵三步盐析对藻胆蛋白纯化的影响

主要研究了多次硫酸铵盐析对条斑紫菜藻胆蛋白提取纯化效果。对分离提取的对条斑紫菜藻胆蛋白溶液进行了3次硫酸氨溶液盐析,实验结果表明:55%饱和度可以将绝大部分藻胆蛋白盐析;采用不同组合(15%、20%、25%、30%、35%、40%、45%7个饱和度分别与50%、55%、60%3个饱和度两两组合)二步硫酸铵盐析沉淀藻胆蛋白,使R-藻红蛋白和C-藻蓝蛋白的盐析后纯度(A564/A280)分别达到了1.0和0.45以上,得率分别为1.4%和0.95%;第3次硫酸铵盐析使R-藻红蛋白、C-藻蓝蛋白的纯度分别达到了1.4和0.4以上,最终产率分别为1.3%和0.8%,而变藻蓝蛋白产率有所下降(从0.65%到0.49%),但纯度变化不大。实验证明了采用多次盐析方法可以很大程度提高藻胆蛋白纯度。     

紫色非硫光合细菌Rhodopseudomonas capsulata铁氧还蛋白氧化还原电位的研究

本文介绍了从紫色非硫光合细菌Rhodopseudomanas capsulata 分离纯化的铁氧还蛋白,经固体硫酸铵分级盐析沉淀和透析进一步纯化的样品,通过循环伏安法检测其对温度的敏感性,所引起的蛋白变性;然后应用定电位电量法和电位阶跃电量法,研究它的电量-电位关系,根据Nernst 公式进而计算铁氧还蛋白的中点电位分别为-378mV 和-375mV,在其参与氧化-还原反应时,每分子铁氧还蛋白传递电子数目≈2。并对不同菌种来源的铁氧还蛋白的标准氧化-还原电位及其传递电子数目进行了讨论。     

紫色非硫光合细菌Rhodopseudomonas capsulata铁氧还蛋白氧化还原电位的研究

本文介绍了从紫色非硫光合细菌Rhodopseudomonas capsulata分离纯化的铁氧还蛋白,经固体硫酸铵分级盐析沉淀和透析进一步纯化的样品,通过循环伏安法检测其对温度的敏感性,所引起的蛋白变性;然后应用定电位电量法和电位阶跃电量法,研究它的电量-电位关系,根据Nernst公式进而计算铁氧还蛋白的中点电位分别为-378mV和-375mV,在其参与氧化-还原反应时,每分子铁氧还蛋白传递电子数目≈2。并对不同菌种来源的铁氧还蛋白的标准氧化-还原电位及其传递电子数目进行了讨论。     

解淀粉芽孢杆菌NK10.BAhjaWT抑真菌作用的研究

芽孢杆菌属以多产抗菌素闻名.通过筛选几十株不同来源的芽孢杆菌,获得1株具有强抑真菌活性的芽孢杆菌.经过16S rDNA检测与Biolog分析,确定此株菌为解淀粉芽孢杆菌.本实验对摇瓶发酵的条件进行了优化,经过对发酵上清液硫酸铵盐析、透析,真空冷冻干燥获得粗提蛋白.并对粗蛋白的热稳定性、pH稳定性、抗蛋白酶水解能力、离子稳定性以及抑真菌谱进行了研究,最后使用扫描电镜对抑真菌机制进行了探索.     

利用串联亲和纯化技术分离大肠杆菌GroEL蛋白复合物

肠出血性大肠杆菌O157∶H7是一种重要的致病菌,加深其致病机理的基础研究将为相关疫苗研究及疾病控制等提供新的思路和依据.串联亲和纯化(TAP)技术是最近发展的分离纯化天然状态蛋白质复合物进而研究蛋白质相互作用的新方法.用我们自己构建的原核表达串联亲和标签载体,在大肠杆菌O157∶H7中表达了标签融合蛋白GroEL-TAP,建立了非变性条件下制备蛋白复合物的方法,并且对串联亲和纯化过程中的相关实验条件进行了探索和优化,最终得到了高纯度的GroEL-TAP与天然GroEL形成的嵌合型多聚体复合物.这表明我们建立的串联亲和纯化技术能高度特异地纯化靶蛋白参与形成的复合物,为后续寻找O157∶H7中毒力蛋白参与形成的复合物奠定了实验基础.     

解淀粉芽孢杆菌NK10.BAhjaWT抑真菌作用的研究

芽孢杆菌属以多产抗菌素闻名。通过筛选几十株不同来源的芽孢杆菌, 获得1株具有强抑真菌活性的芽孢杆菌。经过16S rDNA检测与Biolog分析, 确定此株菌为解淀粉芽孢杆菌。本实验对摇瓶发酵的条件进行了优化, 经过对发酵上清液硫酸铵盐析、透析、真空冷冻干燥获得粗提蛋白。并对粗蛋白的热稳定性、pH稳定性、抗蛋白酶水解能力、离子稳定性以及抑真菌谱进行了研究, 最后使用扫描电镜对抑真菌机制进行了探索。     

极大螺旋藻藻胆蛋白提纯工艺初试

目的:螺旋藻富含藻胆蛋白,其附加值高,本实验对螺旋藻藻胆蛋白提取工艺做初步探索;方法:比较了组织捣碎法,冻融法,超声波法释放螺旋藻藻胆蛋白的效果,并用硫酸铵盐析,羟基磷灰石层析进一步提纯,对结果作了吸收光谱和SDS电泳鉴定;结果:显示超声波法破碎效果好,两次羟基磷灰石层析所得蛋白纯度较高;结论:表明本实验流程相对以往工艺经济,省力,省时,对螺旋藻藻胆蛋白的规模提取有一定实用价值。     

木霉β-1,3-葡聚糖酶的分离纯化

目的:对木霉菌株LE02所产β-1,3-葡聚糖酶的分离纯化方法进行研究。方法:粗酶液分别用硫酸铵、乙醇和丙酮进行沉淀,再用DEAE-Sepharose CL-6B离子交换层析进一步分离纯化,并用SDS-PAGE法测其分子量。结果:硫酸铵分段盐析法沉淀酶蛋白的效果优于乙醇和丙酮沉淀;盐析得到的酶蛋白经透析浓缩后,再经DEAE-Sepharose CL-6B层析分离,可得到单一酶蛋白,总酶活回收率达78.71%,比酶活达到689.9U/mg,提高了53.74倍,经SDS-PAGE法测得该β-1,3-葡聚糖酶的分子量为80.137kDa。结论:采用硫酸铵分段盐析和离子交换层析法可获得电泳纯的β-1,3-葡聚糖酶,且酶活回收率高。     

一步柱层析纯化螺旋藻藻蓝蛋白

采用硫酸铵盐析结合疏水层析技术分离纯化螺旋藻中的藻蓝蛋白.试验结果表明,在磷酸盐缓冲体系下藻蓝蛋白粗提液经1.25 mol/L硫酸铵盐析处理后离心脱气,只需采用一步Macro-Prep Methyl 疏水层析,藻蓝蛋白的纯度（A620/A280）可提高到4.017,回收率为19.38%.特征吸收峰和荧光光谱证实纯化后的产物符合藻蓝蛋白的性质,Native-PAGE电泳只出现单一染色带,表明纯化得到的藻蓝蛋白是均一的;SDS-PAGE电泳出现分子量为15.4 kDa、17.3 kDa的2条染色带,分别为藻蓝蛋白的α亚基与β亚基.     

壳聚糖酶的克隆表达与壳寡糖的制备分析

目的:克隆壳聚糖酶基因于大肠杆菌中实现高表达,制备壳寡糖。方法:以枯草芽孢杆菌总DNA为模板扩增壳聚糖酶基因(CSN),克隆至载体pET23a(+)上,转化菌株BL21(DE3)。重组子经0.5 mmol/L IPTG诱导后,SDS-PAGE和质谱检测与鉴定重组酶。酶纯化后水解壳聚糖,薄层色谱分析其水解产物。结果:质谱证明壳聚糖酶(31.5kDa)成功表达,表达量占菌体总蛋白的45%左右。纯化后重组酶浓度为900 mg/L,纯度95%、回收率85%,酶活力为10 000 U/mg。壳聚糖降解产物为壳二糖至壳四糖。结论:原核表达载体pET23a(+)-CSN构建正确,壳聚糖酶表达量与活性高,适用于水解壳聚糖制备壳寡糖。     

国内外蝗害治理技术现状与展望

本文首先概述了国内外蝗虫发生与为害的态势,总结了现阶段我国蝗虫发生与为害的主要特点:即农田飞蝗暴发频繁而且严重,草原土蝗的发生时常造成严重的经济损失,而且侵入城市干扰市民生活,我国与周边国家之间蝗虫过境迁移频繁,使用化学农药污染环境和农产品;分析了国内外蝗虫防治对策与技术的发展现状,重点介绍了应急防治和可持续治理对策、...     

Comparison of BMI and percentage of body fat of Indian and German children and adolescents

Today, serious health problems as overweight and obesity are not just constricted to the developed world, but also increase in the developing countries (Prentice 2006, Ramachandram et al. 2002). Focusing on this issue, BMI and percentage of body fat were compared in 2094 schoolchildren from two cross-sectional studies from India and Germany investigated in 2008 and 2009. The German children are in all age groups significantly taller, whereas the Indian children show higher values in BMI (e.g. 12 years: Indian: around 22 kg/m2; German: around 19 kg/m2) and in the percentage of body fat (e.g. 12 years: Indian: around 27%; German: around 18-20%) in most of the investigated age groups. The Indian children have significantly higher BMI between 10 and 13 (boys) respectively 14 years (girls). Indian children showed significant higher percentage of body fat between 10 and 15 years (boys) and between 8 and 16 years (girls). The difference in overweight between Indian and German children was strongest at 11 (boys) and 12 (girls) years: 70% of the Indian but 20% of the German children were classified as overweight. In countries such as India that undergo nutritional transition, a rapid increase in obesity and overweight is observed. In contrast to the industrialized countries, the risk of overweight in developing countries is associated with high socioeconomic status. Other reasons of the rapid increase of overweight in the developing countries caused by different environmental or genetic factors are discussed.     

颧骨颧弓骨折的分类及诊治

颧骨颧弓骨折是最常见的面中部骨折之一,迄今为止,在其分类及诊治的选择上仍然存在一定争议,本文对目前颧骨颧弓骨折的分类及诊治的现状和进展作一综述,以期对临床工作提供参考。     

Synthesis and turnover of cerebrosides and phosphatidylserine of myelin and microsomal fractions of adult and developing rat brain.

The synthesis and turnover of cerebrosides and phospholipids was followed in microsomal and myelin fractions of developing and adult rat brains after an intracerebral injection of [U-14C]serine. The kinetics of incorporation of radioactivity into microsomal and myelin cerebrosides indicate the possibility of a precursor-product relationship between cerebrosides of these membranes. The specific radioactivity of myelin cerebrosides was corrected for the deposition of newly formed cerebrosides in myelin. Multiphasic curves were obtained for the decline in specific radioactivity of myelin and microsomal cerebrosides, suggesting different cerebroside pools in these membranes. The half-life of the fast turning-over pool of cerebrosides of myelin was 7 and 22 days for the developing and adult rat brain respectively. The half-life of the slowly turning-over pool of myelin cerebrosides was about 145 days for both groups of animals. The half-life of the rapidly turning-over microsomal cerebrosides was calculated to be 20 and 40 h for the developing and adult animals respectively. The half-life of the intermediate and slowly turning-over microsomal cerebrosides was 11 and 60 days respectively, for both groups of animals. The amount of incorporation of radioactivity into microsomal cerebrosides from L-serine was greatly decreased in the adult animals, and greater amounts of the precursor were directed towards the synthesis of phosphatidylserine. In the developing animals, considerable amounts of cerebrosides were synthesized from L-serine, besides phosphatidylserine. The time-course of incorporation indicated that a precursor-product relationship exists between microsomal and myelin phosphatidylserine. The half-life of microsomal phosphatidylserine was calculated to be about 8 h for the fast turning-over pool in both groups of animals.     

Identification and composition of the tonsillar and anal enterococcal and streptococcal flora of dogs and cats

Enterococcus faecalis was the most frequently isolated enterococcal species from anal swabs and tonsils of dogs and cats, although in the anal samples from dogs Ent. hirae was found almost as often as Ent. faecalis. Most Ent.faecium strains from dog tonsils differed from those associated with humans and other animals in that they fermented sorbitol. Typical Ent. avium as well as atypical Ent. avium -like strains were seen in dogs, while the related species Ent. raffinosus was associated with cat tonsils. Enterococcus cecorum also occurred mainly in cats. Certain atypical strains, presumptively identified as Ent. cecorum , shared characteristics with Ent. columbae.
The most frequent streptococcal species in tonsils of cats and dogs were Streptococcus suis and Strep. canis. Streptococcus canis and Strep. bovis predominated in anal swabs. The canine Strep. suis differed from the common porcine strains in fermenting mannitol.
Forty-seven of the 288 isolates examined could not be identified or related to known species. The characteristics of two groups of these bacteria, provisionally called 'Ton 31 group' and 'O7 group' are described.