枣园桃蛀果蛾寄生蜂种类及其与寄主的关系

桃蛀果蛾(Carposina sasakii Matsumura)是我国十分重要的果实性害虫,其中枣受害最严重,因其幼虫在果实内蛀食危害、高度隐蔽性的生活而较难防治。寻找有效天敌,开展生物防治成为必然。2009年与2010年研究调查了我国大枣部分产区陕西、山西、河南与宁夏枣园桃蛀果蛾寄生性天敌,共发现了3种寄生蜂,即中华齿腿姬蜂(Pristomerus chinensis Ashmead)、章氏小甲腹茧蜂(Chelonus(Microchelonus)zhangi Zhang)和金小蜂(Pteromalidae),3种寄生蜂均从桃蛀果蛾的茧中羽化而出,其中中华齿腿姬蜂和章氏小甲腹茧蜂为优势天敌,但它们表现出十分明显的地域性分布。同时,对中华齿腿姬蜂和章氏小甲腹茧蜂羽化、寄生率以及与寄主之间的关系进行了初步研究,结果表明,中华齿腿姬蜂越冬代成虫出蛰活动始于6月中旬,越冬代寄生率较低,第1代成虫羽化在8月下旬至9月上旬,这代寄生蜂具有较高的寄生率,可达25%;章氏小甲腹茧蜂第1代成虫羽化集中在8月中下旬和9月上旬,由于在2009年与2010年对样地进行不施用杀虫剂的管理,该天敌在2010年自然寄生率显著提高,最高时可达64.52%。因此,科学管理,合理保护与利用当地天敌成为实现该害虫生物防治的关键。     

桃蛀果蛾寄主生物型分化的RAPD分析

以山茱萸蛀果蛾Carposina coreana Kim为外群,用44个随机引物对苹果、山楂、桃、杏、枣和酸枣等6种寄主植物上的桃蛀果蛾Carposina sasakii Matsumura进行了RAPD 分析。结果表明,不同寄主上的桃蛀果蛾之间遗传差异出现了较大的分化,桃蛀果蛾6个寄主生物型之间的平均遗传距离在0.040～0.637之间,尤其是杏生物型分化最大。经聚类分析,可将不同寄主上的桃蛀果蛾明显分成两个类群,杏生物型为一群,其余为一群。两个类群间遗传距离为0.465,亚群内部的遗传距离为0.040～0.369。推测杏树上的“桃蛀果蛾 ”已经分化成为不同的物种。     

扬州地区水稻二化螟寄生蜂种类及主要寄生蜂发生动态

本文报道了江苏扬州地区水稻二化螟Chilo suppressalis(Walker)寄生蜂主要有10种,即中华钝唇姬蜂Eriborus sinicus(Holmgren)、二化螟盘绒茧蜂Cotesia chilonis(Munakata)、稻螟小腹茧蜂Microgaster russata Haliday、螟甲腹茧蜂Chelonus munakatae Munakata、中华茧蜂Amyosoma chinensis(Szepligeti)、螟黄足盘绒茧蜂Cotesia flavipes(Cameron)、夹色姬蜂Auberteterus alternecoloratus(Cushman)、桑蟥聚瘤姬蜂Iseropus(Gregopimpla)kuwanae(Viereck)、螟蛉瘤姬蜂Itoplectis naranyae(Ashmead)以及二化螟盘绒茧蜂的重寄生蜂绒茧灿金小蜂Trichomalopsis apanteloctena(Crawford)。田间系统调查表明:扬州地区7-9月水稻二化螟寄生蜂的主要种类为二化螟盘绒茧蜂、中华钝唇姬蜂、螟甲腹茧蜂、稻螟小腹茧蜂、螟蛉瘤姬蜂、桑蟥聚瘤姬蜂,但这些寄生蜂对一代水稻二化螟幼虫的寄生率较低,对二代水稻二化螟幼虫的寄生率高。水稻二化螟越冬期的系统调查表明:扬州地区二化螟越冬幼虫的寄生蜂主要有3种,即二化螟盘绒茧蜂、中华钝唇姬蜂和稻螟小腹茧蜂,其中二化螟盘绒茧蜂和中华钝唇姬蜂是寄生水稻二化螟越冬幼虫的优势种。水稻二化螟越冬幼虫的寄生率调查表明,扬州地区水稻二化螟越冬幼虫的寄生率在不同年份间有一定的波动,但一般都在15%以上,有的甚至高达89.88%,因此寄生蜂对二化螟越冬幼虫具有很好的控制作用,能有效压低来年水稻二化螟的田间越冬基数。此外,3种寄生蜂出茧时间在1月和2月之间达到最长,分别达到19.79 d、17.26 d和27.00 d,该结果表明,在扬州地区这3种寄生蜂可能都存在滞育现象。     

桃蛀果蛾学名的更正

桃蛀果蛾俗称桃小食心虫、苹果食心虫等,简称“桃小”,在国外分布于日本和朝鲜;在我国分布于31°N以北,102°E以东的广大地区,包括吉林、辽宁、河北、北京、天津、山东、江苏、浙江、江西、河南、山西、陕西、宁夏、甘肃、青海、四川等省(市),寄主植物包括苹果、梨、枣、酸枣、山楂、桃、海棠、花红、李、杏、梅等10多种果树。桃蛀果蛾以幼虫取食这些寄主植物的果实,长期以来一直是我国果树生产上的重要害虫,所以国内各地对此虫的生物学、发生规律、防治等方面的研究颇多。目前国内普遍使用的学名是Carposina niponensis Walsingham,但我国分布的桃蛀果蛾,其学名究竟是不是C.niponensis,却有必要予以澄清,否则将引起混乱。     

闭弯尾姬蜂与菜蛾盘绒茧蜂寄生菜蛾幼虫时的种间竞争

在室内25℃下,以菜蛾3龄初幼虫作寄主,研究了菜蛾盘绒茧蜂Cotesia plutellae和半闭弯尾姬蜂Diadegma semiclausum的种间竞争。当寄主供2种蜂同时产卵寄生时,2种蜂各自的寄生率与其单独寄生时无显著差异,合计寄生率比一种蜂单独存在时有所提高,但差异不显著。2种蜂均能产卵寄生已被另一种蜂寄生了的寄主幼虫。当寄主被2种蜂寄生的间隔时间很短（少于10 h）时,所育出的蜂绝大部分（80%以上）为绒茧蜂;当寄主先被绒茧蜂寄生,并饲养2天以上再供弯尾姬蜂寄生时,所育出的全为绒茧蜂;当寄主先被弯尾姬蜂寄生,并饲养2天以上再供绒茧蜂寄生时,寄主幼虫绝大部分不能存活,只有少部分能育出寄生蜂,且多为弯尾姬蜂。当2种蜂的幼虫存在于同一寄主体内时,2种蜂的发育均受到另一种蜂的抑制;绒茧蜂1龄幼虫具有物理攻击能力,能将弯尾姬蜂卵或幼虫致死。这些结果表明,菜蛾盘绒茧蜂与半闭弯尾姬蜂在同一寄主中发育时,前者具有明显的竞争优势。     

转基因抗虫棉对棉铃虫及其内寄生蜂的双重效应

以含1%转基因（Cry1A+CpTI）抗虫棉“中抗310”棉叶粉的人工饲料为基础,建立一套抗虫棉 棉铃虫Helicoverpa armigera 棉铃虫幼虫内寄生蜂中红侧沟茧蜂Microplitis mediator和棉铃虫齿唇姬蜂Campoletis chlorideae的三级营养关系的研究系统,研究了转基因抗虫棉对棉铃虫及内寄生蜂的双重效应,分析比较了6种状态的棉铃虫生长发育动态,以及寄生蜂的生长状况。结果表明,无论是否被寄生,抗虫棉对棉铃虫生长发育的抑制作用都非常显著;寄生取食抗虫棉饲料的棉铃虫的寄生蜂,其出茧率和茧重都显著下降,对于中红侧沟茧蜂,出茧率和茧重分别下降了26.1%和1.0 mg;对于棉铃虫齿唇姬蜂,分别下降了17.9%和5.1 mg。解剖寄主发现,两种寄生蜂在取食抗虫棉饲料的寄主体内发育缓慢并出现部分畸形幼蜂。棉铃虫幼虫血淋巴总蛋白含量和血淋巴蛋白SDS-PAGE电泳分析表明,取食抗虫棉饲料后,棉铃虫血淋巴总蛋白含量低于相应的对照,推测寄主血淋巴蛋白含量降低是导致寄生蜂生长缓慢、发育不正常的一个重要原因。     

南京地区松毛虫 (Dendrolimus punctatus Walker)寄生天敌的初步观察

1936—37年在南京地区观察松毛虫寄生天敌所得的初步结果可简述如下: (一)南京地区业经发现的松毛虫天敌有卵寄生蜂3种:赤眼卵蜂、松毛虫长腹卵蜂、平腹小蜂;幼虫寄生蜂4种:松毛虫瘦姬蜂、松与虫红头小茧蜂、花胸姬蜂、黑基瘤姬蜂;幼虫寄生蝇3种:家蚕寄生蝇、大寄生蝇、小寄生蝇;蛹寄生蜂4种;日本黑点姬蜂、黑瘤姬蜂、大腿蜂、费氏大腿蜂;另重寄生8种。 (二)卵寄生蜂在防治松毛虫上起了适当大的作用,有时减低寄主虫口达61.24％。3种寄生蜂中以松与虫长腹卵蜂及平腹小峰为较重要。 (三)松毛虫初龄幼虫寄生率最高时可达26％。寄生率的高低及各种天敌的比较重要性与采集寄主材料的时期有密切的关系,往往数日之差,寄生率可截然不同。 (四)松与虫的后龄幼虫遭3种寄生蝇的寄生。寄生率最高可达42％。 (五)松毛虫茧期的寄生率可达38.4％,天敌中以大寄生蝇及日本黑点姬蜂为 最主要。 (六)无论在卵期、幼虫期或蛹期,第2化松毛虫的寄生率均比第1化的为高。此点似说明越冬问题是松毛虫天敌繁殖中的一个关系问题。 (七)几种比较重要的寄生天敌的发生时期和生活习性,本文中根据观察所及,加以记载。 (八)本文中将几个影响松毛虫寄生天敌虫口的因子提出讨论,这些因子包括;重寄生的严重、天敌发生时期与寄主生活史的不相     

两种寄生蜂对几种农药的敏感性测定

就平腹小蜂、荔枝蒂蛀蛾白茧蜂对几种常用农药的敏感性进行了测定.结果表明：生物性农药的印楝素、定虫隆、灭幼脲对2种寄生蜂均较安全;Bt对平腹小蜂的毒性较小;杀虫双对平腹小蜂的影响较小,但对蒂蛀蛾白茧蜂有较高毒性（2 h内死亡率70%）;拟除虫菊酯类农药对平腹小蜂有一定的毒性,而对蒂蛀蛾白茧蜂有很高的毒性（2 h内死亡率均为100%）;2种寄生蜂均对有机磷杀虫剂如敌百虫、辛硫磷、敌敌畏及氧乐果等极度敏感.表明蒂蛀蛾白茧蜂比平腹小蜂对化学杀虫剂更敏感.因此在综合防治中,尤其是当田间释放平腹小蜂时应合理选择使用杀虫剂,应以生物源性农药为首选,避免使用菊酯类农药,尤其要禁止使用有机磷类农药,以减少对平腹小蜂等寄生性天敌的杀伤.     

二化螟越冬幼虫三种寄生蜂发生动态

本文报道浙江部分地区二化螟Chilo suppressalis越冬幼虫寄生蜂的主要种类、寄生率以及它们在冬前与冬后的羽化动态.在兰溪,寄生蜂对二化螟越冬幼虫的寄生率较低,常见种类仅有二化螟绒茧蜂.在安吉与嘉兴两地,除二化螟绒茧蜂为主外,稻螟小腹茧蜂和中华钝唇姬蜂也较为常见,三者对双季晚稻田二化螟越冬幼虫寄生率为18～19%.明显高于单季晚稻田的寄生率(8～15%).3种寄生蜂的羽化动态有较大差异,二化螟绒茧蜂和稻螟小腹茧蜂在进入11月后即不再羽化,而中华钝唇姬蜂的羽化则持续到11月中旬之后;越冬后,后者的羽化时间明显早于前两者.     

两种小菜蛾寄生蜂产卵器感器的形态和超微结构

半闭弯尾姬蜂和菜蛾盘绒茧蜂是两种重要的小菜蛾寄生蜂.采用扫描电镜对该两种寄生蜂雌蜂产卵器上的感受器的形态和超微结构进行了观察和研究,结果显示半闭弯尾姬蜂和菜蛾盘绒茧蜂的产卵器形态结构基本相同,都是由两个独立的腹产卵瓣和两个愈合在一起的背产卵瓣包围形成产卵道,与其它种类的寄生蜂相似.借背产卵瓣上的脊与腹产卵瓣的沟连锁在一起,腹产卵瓣可以沿背产卵瓣上的脊前后相对滑动.在半闭弯尾姬蜂产卵器上观察到1种钟形感器、2种腔锥感器、浅凹状感器和分泌毛孔.在菜蛾盘绒茧蜂产卵器上同样观察到了这几种感器,但菜蛾盘绒茧蜂产卵器端部的钟形感器突起较狭长,顶部开有气孔.此外菜蛾盘绒茧蜂产卵器上还存在第3种腔锥感器,其中央突起较低而长,表面有网孔.对各种感受器的形态和分布进行了描述,并对其功能进行了探讨,认为半闭弯尾姬蜂的产卵器较细长,且刺突部位有6个倒钩状突起,背、腹产卵瓣上分布更多的感受器,显示出更强的寄主搜寻定位和产卵寄生能力.     

Effect of host plants on developmental time and life table parameters of Carposina sasakii (Lepidoptera: Carposinidae) under laboratory conditions

Studies were designed to examine the effects of host plants (apricot, Prunus armeniaca L.; plum, Prunus salicina L.; peach, Prunus persica L.; jujube, Zizyphus jujuba Will.; apple, Malus domestica Mill.; and pear, Pyrus sorotina Will) on the development and life table parameters of the peach fruit moth, Carposina sasakii Matsumura (Lepidoptera: Carposinidae) under laboratory conditions. Peach fruit moth developed faster (12.48 d) and had the highest preimaginal survival rate (50.54%) on plum compared with the other host plants. Adult longevity was significantly longer on jujube for both female and male moths. Adult females from larvae reared on jujube and peach laid significantly greater numbers of eggs (214.50 and 197.94 eggs per female, respectively) compared with those reared on the other four host plants. Life-table parameters were calculated for each host plant and compared by jackknife procedures. The intrinsic rate of natural increase (r(m)) was significantly greatest on plum (0.1294 eggs per female per d), followed by jujube and apricot (0.1201 and 0.1128 eggs per female per d), respectively. Implications of the various measures of population performance are discussed.     

Stage-dependent strategies of host invasion in the egg-larval parasitoid Chelonus inanitus

Chelonus inanitus (Braconidae) is a solitary egg-larval parasitoid which lays its eggs into eggs of Spodoptera littoralis (Noctuidae); the parasitoid larva then develops in the haemocoel of the host larva. Host embryonic development lasts approx. 3.5 days while parasitoid embryonic development lasts approx. 16 h. All stages of host eggs can be successfully parasitized, and we show here that either the parasitoid larva or the wasp assures that the larva eventually is located in the host's haemocoel. (1) When freshly laid eggs, up to almost 1-day-old, are parasitized, the parasitoid hatches while still in the yolk and enters the host either after waiting or immediately through the dorsal opening. (2) When 1-2-day-old eggs are parasitized, the host embryo has accomplished final dorsal closure and is covered by an embryonic cuticle when the parasitoid hatches; in this case the parasitoid larva bores with its moving abdominal tip into the host. (3) When 2.5-3.5-day-old eggs are parasitized, the wasp oviposits directly into the haemocoel of the host embryo; from day 2 to 2.5 the embryo is still very small and the wasps, after probing, often restrain from oviposition for a few hours.     

寄主植物对桃小食心虫越冬幼虫耐寒性物质的影响

为研究寄主植物对桃小食心虫越冬幼虫体内耐寒性物质的影响,测定了苹果、酸枣、枣、梨和山楂5种寄主植物上采集的桃小食心虫越冬幼虫过冷却点、体内含水量、总脂肪、总蛋白和总糖含量.结果表明： 5种果实上采集到的桃小食心虫越冬幼虫的过冷却点(SCP)和结冰点(FP)存在显著差异,均值分别在-15.53～-8.50 ℃和-11.31～-4.04 ℃.其中取食山楂的幼虫SCP、FP和糖原含量最高,含水量最低;取食苹果的SCP、FP、糖原和总脂肪含量最低,含水量和总蛋白含量最高;取食梨的桃小食心虫越冬幼虫的鲜质量最高;取食枣的桃小食心虫的总脂肪含量最高,总蛋白含量和鲜质量最低.
     

不同寄主植物对桃小食心虫生长发育和繁殖的影响

为探索寄主植物对桃小食心虫Carposina sasakii生长发育和繁殖的影响, 在室内温度23±1℃, 相对湿度80%±7%, 光周期15L∶9D条件下, 测定了桃小食心虫在杏Armeniaca vulgaris、 李Prunus salicina、 桃Amygdalus persica、 枣Ziziphus jujuba、 苹果Malus pumila和梨Pyrus sorotina上各发育阶段的历期、 存活率和/或产卵量, 并组建了桃小食心虫在各寄主植物上的生命表。结果表明： 桃小食心虫的生长发育和繁殖在不同寄主植物间存在显著差异。幼虫的发育历期以李为最短（12.48 d）, 梨为最长（19.15 d）; 整个幼虫期的存活率以李为最高（50.54%）, 梨为最低（17.91%）; 单雌平均产卵量以枣（214.50粒/雌）和桃（197.94粒/雌）最高。生命表分析结果表明, 净生殖率R₀以枣（117.49）为最大, 平均世代周期T则以梨（41.31 d）和苹果（41.51 d）最长, 内禀增长率r_m以李（0.1294）为最高, 其次为枣（0.1201）和杏（0.1128）。这些结果有助于深入了解该虫在不同寄主植物上的种群动态。     

Parasitoid complex of the pistachio twig borer moth,Kermania pistaciella,in Iran

The parasitoid complex of the pistachio twig borer moth, Kermania pistaciella Amsel (Lepidoptera: Tineidae), a native pest of pistachio trees, was investigated at 27 pistachio plantation sites in Kerman province, the major pistachio growing area of Iran. The present study was conducted to document the naturally established parasitoid complex and to assess the need for improving the biological control of this species. In total, 22,390 moth cocoons were collected from 186 samples collected from commercial orchards during 2006–2008 and kept singly in controlled conditions to rear immature insects. An average of 2.8% of moth cocoons had been attacked by predators at time of sampling. Of the collected cocoons, on average 46.7% completed development and emerged as adult moths, no insects emerged from 8%, suggesting that the moth or wasp died before maturing, and parasitoids emerged from the remaining 42.5%. The overall percentage of host cocoons from which wasps emerged ranged from 25.6 to 59%. Fifteen hymenopterous parasitoid species were recovered from cocoons, of which three species were primary parasitoids, two were obligatory hyperparasitoids and the remaining 10 species were facultative hyperparasitoids. The primary parasitoid, Chelonus kermakiae (Tobias) (Hymenoptera: Braconidae), was the most abundant comprising almost 85% of the total emerging parasitoids. In addition, a further four species of larval parasitoid developed within the PTBM's larval tunnels in pistachio fruit cluster-stem tissue. Conservation of these parasitoids in the pistachio growing areas is recommended since a high level of parasitized moths’ cocoons was found at the majority of experimental sites.     

Biology of Centistes delusorius, a parasitoid of adult apple blossom weevil

Abstract

• 1 Natural control of apple blossom weevil, Anthonomus pomorum (L.), deserves attention, as the pest is regaining importance with the declining use of non‐selective pesticides in apple and pear orchards. In this study the biology of Centistes delusorius (Förster), a specific parasitoid of adult apple blossom weevil, is investigated.
• 2 The parasitoid hibernates as young larva in an adult weevil, and juvenile development is resumed in early spring. The fully grown parasitoid larvae leave their hosts during full bloom at the end of April and early May, to pupate. The adults emerging in May oviposit into the newly emerged weevils, which initially feed on apple leaves.
• 3 Centistes delusorius was detected in six out of 15 host‐weevil infested orchards, but was only common in two with larger apple trees standing in grass. There, parasitism levels of around 30% were usual in hosts taken from treebands in winter.
• 4 The delicate larva is vulnerable, and the thin cocoon provides little protection against either desiccation or drowning on a weedless orchard floor. Observations indicate that successful pupation of C. delusorius demands stable humid conditions and some shelter, such as that found in grass or woodland soils.
• 5 Parasitoid females, provided with honey, lived for a mean of 6.3 ± 2.1 days under outdoor conditions in June. Their life span was similar whether they had access to and oviposited in hosts, or not. The species is pro‐ovigenic, and potential fecundity is about 40 eggs. Oviposition usually takes a few seconds. Parasitized female hosts do not reproduce.
• 6 Up to 95% of the parasitoid eggs laid in May develop into a second generation, the adults of which appear in July, when the host has entered aestivation. Older (British) records of C. delusorius outside orchards suggest that some parasitized hosts, like the healthy ones, leave the orchard prior to aestivo‐hibernation, so that the latter do not escape parasitoid attack in July.
• 7 A trapping sample in late June, when most non‐parasitized weevils have gone into aestivo‐hibernation, is probably the most efficient method to detect parasitized weevils.
• 8 The (near‐)absence of C. delusorius in many orchards is probably due not only to pesticide side‐effects, or scarcity of its host, but also to the absence of suitable pupation sites for the wasp.

     

Haemocyte changes in resistant and susceptible strains of D. melanogaster caused by virulent and avirulent strains of the parasitic wasp Leptopilina boulardi

Two strains of Drosophila melanogaster (resistant and susceptible) were parasitized by a virulent or avirulent strain of the parasitoid wasp Leptopilina boulardi. The success of encapsulation depends on both the genetic status of the host strain and the genetic status of the parasitoid strain: the immune cellular reaction (capsule) is observed only with the resistant strain-avirulent strain combination. The total numbers of host haemocytes increased in all 4 combinations, suggesting that an immune reaction was triggered in all hosts. Resistant host larvae infected with the virulent or avirulent strains of parasitoid wasp had slightly more haemocytes per mm(3) than did susceptible host larvae at the beginning of the reaction (less than 15 h post-parasitization). This difference disappeared later. Only the virulent parasitoid strain caused the production of a high percentage of altered lamellocytes (from a discoid shape to a bipolar shape), half the total number of lamellocytes are altered. This suggests that the alteration of lamellocyte shape alone is not sufficient to explain the lack of capsule formation seen in resistant hosts parasitized by the virulent strain. Lastly, there were very few altered lamellocytes in resistant or susceptible hosts parasitized by the avirulent parasitoid strain, two combinations in which no capsule was formed. As is now established for Drosophila-parasitoid interactions, virus-like particles contained in the long gland of the female wasp affect the morphology of the lamellocytes. The results presented here are further proof of the action (direct or indirect) of virus like particles of the virulent strain on lamellocytes.     

Changes in the haemolymph proteome of Spodoptera littoralis induced by the parasitoid Chelonus inanitus or its polydnavirus and physiological implications

The egg-larval parasitoid Chelonus inanitus induces in its host Spodoptera littoralis two major developmental effects, namely a precocious onset of metamorphosis followed by a developmental arrest in the prepupal stage. Along with each egg, the wasp injects polydnavirus and venom into the host egg. The polydnavirus has been shown to play a major role in inducing the developmental arrest while the parasitoid larva is instrumental in inducing the precocious onset of metamorphosis. Here we report that experimental dilution of haemolymph of polydnavirus-containing larvae can partially prevent the developmental arrest while injection of native, but not of heat-treated, haemolymph or plasma from polydnavirus-containing larvae into nonparasitized larvae could induce developmental arrest in 14-15% of the larvae. This illustrates that heat-labile factors present in haemolymph play a role in causing developmental arrest. Injection of parasitoid medium increased the proportion of larvae entering metamorphosis precociously while injection of antibodies against a parasitoid-released protein had the opposite effect; this indicates that this protein and possibly other parasitoid-released substances are involved in inducing the precocious onset of metamorphosis. Analysis of the plasma proteome of nonparasitized, parasitized and polydnavirus-containing larvae revealed that the developmental effects are associated with only minor differences: eleven low abundant viral or virus-induced proteins and five parasitoid-released proteins were seen at specific stages of the host.     

Simulated climate warming causes asymmetric responses in insect life-history timing potentially disrupting a classic ecological speciation system

Climate change may alter phenology within populations with cascading consequences for community interactions and on-going evolutionary processes. Here, we measured the response to climate warming in two sympatric, recently diverged (~170 years) populations of Rhagoletis pomonella flies specialized on different host fruits (hawthorn and apple) and their parasitoid wasp communities. We tested whether warmer temperatures affect dormancy regulation and its consequences for synchrony across trophic levels and temporal isolation between divergent populations. Under warmer temperatures, both fly populations developed earlier. However, warming significantly increased the proportion of maladaptive pre-winter development in apple, but not hawthorn, flies. Parasitoid phenology was less affected, potentially generating ecological asynchrony. Observed shifts in fly phenology under warming may decrease temporal isolation, potentially limiting on-going divergence. Our findings of complex sensitivity of life-history timing to changing temperatures predict that coming decades may see multifaceted ecological and evolutionary changes in temporal specialist communities.