Bt杀虫蛋白对不同品系棉铃虫和中红侧沟茧蜂生长发育的影响

以棉铃虫Helicoverpa armigera (Hübner)室内敏感品系和田间品系为寄主,研究了亚致死浓度的Bt杀虫蛋白对中红侧沟茧蜂Microplitis mediator (Haliday)生长发育的影响。结果表明： 当寄主一直取食,或者在被寄生前12小时开始取食含Bt杀虫蛋白浓度为0,0.5,1.0, 2.0,4.0,8.0 μg/g的饲料时,与对照相比,中红侧沟茧蜂的卵-幼虫历期延长,茧重和成虫体重降低,成虫寿命缩短,但对茧期没有明显影响。Bt杀虫蛋白能有效抑制两个棉铃虫品系幼虫的生长,显著降低棉铃虫蛹重;当Bt蛋白浓度为4.0 μg/g时,显著降低棉铃虫化蛹率。用转双基因抗虫棉SGK321（表达Cry1A+CpTI蛋白）饲喂两个棉铃虫品系初孵幼虫,室内品系的第2、3、4和5天校正死亡率分别为48.5%、87.8%、96.6%和 95.8%,显著高于田间品系（30.9%、59.6%、80.9%及86.1%）。本研究表明,不论是田间品系还是室内品系,棉铃虫取食含Bt杀虫蛋白的饲料后,对中红侧沟茧蜂的生长发育都具有显著的负面作用。     

棉铃虫齿唇姬蜂的寄生对棉铃虫体内主要代谢物质的影响

寄生蜂是调节寄主害虫种群数量的一个重要因子.棉铃虫齿唇姬蜂Campoletis chorideae Uchida是棉铃虫Helicoverpa armigera Hübner和烟青虫Helicoverpa assulta Guenée的主要寄生性天敌,对两种害虫的田间自然控制起着非常重要的作用.本文选取棉铃虫齿唇姬蜂-棉铃虫系统为研究对象,从齿唇姬蜂的寄生对棉铃虫体内主要代谢物质的影响等方面进行了研究.试验结果显示,棉铃虫齿唇姬蜂的寄生使棉铃虫幼虫组织中糖原含量发生了明显的变化,与未被寄生的同龄棉铃虫幼虫相比,被寄生幼虫组织中的糖原含量下降了近一倍,被寄生的棉铃虫幼虫血淋巴和虫体组织中蛋白质、脂肪的含量均显著下降.     

中红侧沟茧蜂对不同龄期棉铃虫幼虫及其为害棉株的趋性反应

研究中红侧沟茧蜂Microplitis mediator Haliday对棉铃虫Helicoverpa armigera Hübner幼虫及其为害棉株的趋性行为, 可为高效应用中红侧沟茧蜂控制棉铃虫提供理论依据。本研究在实验室内以中红侧沟茧蜂雌蜂、1~5龄棉铃虫幼虫及其为害棉花植株（去虫或未去虫）为试验材料, 采用“Y”型昆虫嗅觉仪测定了中红侧沟茧蜂雌蜂对1~5龄棉铃虫幼虫及其为害棉株的趋性行为反应。结果表明: 中红侧沟茧蜂对3龄、4龄和5龄棉铃虫幼虫均没有明显的趋向行为反应, 1龄和2龄棉铃虫幼虫对中红侧沟茧蜂有显著的引诱作用。此外, 1~5龄棉铃虫幼虫为害后去虫棉株与健康棉株均对中红侧沟茧蜂有吸引作用。在未去虫的处理中, 虫害诱导棉株比健康植株更能吸引中红侧沟茧蜂, 与健康植株差异显著, 而且不同龄期棉铃虫幼虫为害处理间差异较大, 对中红侧沟茧蜂引诱作用的相对顺序为: 5龄为害植株>2龄和4龄为害植株>1龄和3龄为害植株 (2龄和4龄为害处理间差异不显著; 1龄和3龄为害处理间差异不显著)。本研究结果可为中红侧沟茧蜂在生物防治上的应用提供一定的理论指导和实践依据。     

棉铃虫齿唇姬蜂的生物学特性

研究了湖南长沙地区棉铃虫齿唇姬蜂的生物学特性及田间消长规律,棉铃虫齿唇姬蜂在湖南长沙地区年发生约10代,以7个世代发生在棉田,田间出现3个寄生高峰,分别在5月上旬－6月下旬,8月中旬－9月上旬及9月中旬－10月中旬,寄生率平均在25,1－63,1％,从卵发育到成虫的平均历期变化范围在32℃下13天至11．6℃下75．5天,棉铃虫齿唇姬蜂能寄主棉铃虫,斜纹夜蛾和甜菜夜蛾,但偏爱寄主棉铃虫。该蜂能寄生棉铃虫1－3龄幼虫,很少寄生4－6龄幼虫,喜寄生2－3龄幼虫,每雌可寄生斜夜蛾2龄幼虫5－23头。本建立了发育速率及成蜂寿命与温度关系的回归模型,探讨了越冬问题,比较了长江流域和黄河流域铃虫齿唇姬蜂生物学特性的差异。     

中红侧沟茧蜂寄主——二龄棉铃虫幼虫血淋巴成分的初步分析

对二龄棉铃虫Ｈｅｌｉｏｔｈｉｓａｒｍｉｇｅｒａ（Ｈüｂｎｅｒ）幼虫血淋巴的二种样品（去血细胞和未去血细胞）中的干物重、含水量、灰分、蛋白质、总糖、还原糖、总脂、胆固醇、维生素Ｃ的含量,分别进行了定量分析,对未去血细胞的血淋巴进行了氨基酸测定;同时,对蛋白质组份、脂类组份也进行了定性分析     

中红侧沟茧蜂的生活史

中红侧沟茧蜂 (Microplitis mediator)同蜜蜂、胡蜂和蚂蚁等昆虫同属于膜翅目昆虫 ,但它过着一种截然不同的生活 ,是棉铃虫、粘虫等大害虫肝里的“蛔虫”,是过着拟寄生生活的寄生蜂。也许你有在棉田附近踏青的经验 ,你的注意力或许会被眼前 1个飞舞的蚂蚁所吸引 ,那可能并不是 1只会飞的蚂蚁 ,很可能是 1只刚从茧中蜕变出来的中红侧沟茧蜂。这只雌性的寄生蜂只有 3mm,有 1对很显眼的长触角 ,体色淡黄 ,姿态优美。吮吸花蜜 ,这是它成年生活的惟一食物和饮料。与此同时 ,它也在散放着召唤异性的信息——性信息素 ,在不远处有 1只同它一样羽化…     

复配杀虫剂BtA对棉铃虫的杀虫效果及对天敌中红侧沟茧蜂蛹和成虫的触杀毒性(英文)

为了科学施药, 合理保护和利用天敌对棉铃虫Helicoverpa armigera进行综合防治, 本研究在室内测定和比较了复配杀虫剂BtA和7种常用杀虫剂（阿维菌素、 Bt、 β-氯氰菊酯、辛硫磷、定虫隆、氰戊菊酯和丁硫克百威）对棉铃虫的杀虫效果及对其天敌中红侧沟茧蜂Microplitis mediator蛹和雌成虫的触杀毒性。采用浸叶法测定杀虫剂在室内72 h内对棉铃虫3龄幼虫的杀虫效果, 结果表明： 与其他杀虫剂相比, BtA对棉铃虫幼虫具有更高的毒性和致死效应 (LC₅₀=0.7364 mg/mL)。将棉铃虫3龄幼虫接到用浓度4 mg/mL上述杀虫剂分别处理过的大白菜上24, 48和72 h, 发现其死亡率之间存在显著差异（P≤0.05）。但在72 h后, BtA和其他杀虫剂对棉铃虫幼虫的杀虫效果之间并无显著差异(P>0.05)。BtA施药后, 随着时间的延长, 棉铃虫幼虫的死亡率也在增加。另外, 通过杀虫剂对寄生蜂中红侧沟茧蜂蛹和雌成虫的触杀毒性的生物测定发现： 与β-氯氰菊酯、 氰戊菊酯和丁硫克百威相比, BtA对中红侧沟茧蜂蛹和雌成虫的毒性较低, 对其蛹和雌成虫致死率分别仅为13.82%和7.33%。本研究证明BtA对鳞翅目害虫具有中等毒性, 而对寄生蜂中红侧沟茧蜂则具有较低毒性。     

中红侧沟茧蜂寄生对粘虫幼虫取食及生长发育的影响

【目的】为明确中红侧沟茧蜂Microplitis mediator(Haliday)寄生对粘虫Mythimna separata(Walker)幼虫取食和发育的影响及评价其田间应用价值。【方法】比较研究了中红侧沟茧蜂寄生不同日龄粘虫对粘虫幼虫取食量和发育的影响。【结果】被寄生的粘虫4、6、8日龄幼虫与未被寄生的同龄期幼虫取食量差异达极显著水平。被寄生的4、6、8日龄粘虫幼虫间的取食量差异不显著。被寄生的幼虫,5 d前体重缓慢上升,之后缓慢下降,所有被寄生的幼虫均不能化蛹。4、6、8日龄粘虫幼虫被寄生后,中红侧沟茧蜂幼虫在其体内的发育历期不同,不同日龄间差异显著,随着日龄的增大显著缩短。【结论】表明该蜂不仅能有效地控制粘虫当代危害,而且在很大程度上能够抑制粘虫的种群数量。     

不同转基因抗虫棉对棉铃虫抗虫性的时空动态

利用2个对Bt抗性水平不同的棉铃虫品系,测定了转Bt和CpTI基因双价抗虫棉(SGK321)和Bt棉(GK12,33B)杀虫活性的时间和空间动态变化。结果表明,2类3种抗虫棉杀虫活性共同表现为：(1) 时间动态上均呈现前高后低的下降趋势;(2) 空间动态上表现为,在生长前期以叶的活性最高,中后期以铃和蕾的活性较高;(3) 对敏感品系的活性高于对抗性品系。不同点表现为：（1）双价棉在生长中后期(8～9月份)活性明显高于Bt棉;（2）双价棉对抗性品系的活性表现更稳定。     

棉铃虫齿唇姬蜂对草地贪夜蛾幼虫的室内寄生效果初探

重大入侵害虫草地贪夜蛾Spodoptera frugiperda J. E. Smith主要危害玉米、水稻等主粮作物,对我国粮食安全造成了极大的威胁,挖掘和利用本土天敌是其绿色防控的重要途径之一。本研究以田间获取的寄生于草地贪夜蛾幼虫的棉铃虫齿唇姬蜂Campoletis chlorideae Uchida为研究对象,对其寄生草地贪夜蛾幼虫的完整过程进行了系统地观察,测定了其寄生于不同龄期草地贪夜蛾幼虫的发育历期。同时,进行了以不同夜蛾科幼虫为寄主时棉铃虫齿唇姬蜂的发育历期和蛹重的差异性分析。结果显示,棉铃虫齿唇姬蜂能够成功寄生2~4龄草地贪夜蛾幼虫,并顺利化蛹。但寄生2龄幼虫的棉铃虫齿唇姬蜂蛹期为4.21±0.52 d,蛹重为6.86±1.27 mg,均显著低于寄生3龄和4龄幼虫。寄生草地贪夜蛾幼虫的棉铃虫齿唇姬蜂的发育历期和蛹重分别为7.35±0.44 d和11.37±0.36 mg,与寄生棉铃虫Helicoverpa armigera Hübner和黏虫Mythimna separate Walker幼虫时无显著差异,但均显著高于寄生在斜纹夜蛾Spodoptera litura Fabricius幼虫时。研究表明,棉铃虫齿唇姬蜂对入侵害虫草地贪夜蛾具有良好的防控潜力,值得进一步研究和开发应用。     

EFFECTS OF GOSSYPOL ON GROWTH OF THE COTTON BOLLWORM AND DEVELOPMENT OF ITS PARASITOID CAMPOLETIS CHLORIDEAE*

Abstract The effects of gossypol, an important allelochemical in cotton, on growth of the cotton bollworm Helicoverpa armigera (Hubner) and development of its endoparasitoid Campoletis chlorideae (Uchida) in Huanghe River Valley were studied. Growth of H. armigera larvae was accelerated by adding 0.1% gossypol in the artificial diet, causing 10.75% reduction of the vulnerable period to C. chlorideae while the suppression activity of 0. 5 % gossypol to H. armigera larvae prolonged the vulnerable period by 28.15%. Negative effects of gossypol on the development of the parasitoid were demonstrated by using the artificial diet and cotton varieties WD-151 (glandless) and HG-BR-8 (glanded). Gossypol at 0.1% concentration in artificial diet did not remarkably increase the body weight of adult wasp, but significantly extended the egg-larval time and shortened the pupal time; 0. 5% gossypol and HG-BR-8 remarkably reduced the body weight of adult wasp, also significantly prolonged the egg-larval period and decreased the pupal period. Finally, the coordinate application of high gossypol resistant cotton varieties and C. chlorideae in H. armigera control is discussed.     

Impact of males on the progeny sex ratio of Campoletis chlorideae (Hym., Ichneumonidae), a parasitoid of Helicoverpa armigera (Hübner) (Lep., Noctuidae)

Abstract: The endoparasitoid Campoletis chlorideae and its host Helicoverpa armigera were reared in the laboratory to determine the progeny sex ratio of C. chlorideae in the presence and absence of male parasitoids. It was observed that the presence of male parasitoids affects the progeny sex ratio by decreasing the number of females in the offspring population, i.e. a significant increase in the proportion of males was observed in united sexes. Therefore, while constructing the life table of the parasitoid, the effect of presence of male parasitoids, should be considered together with other factors, which decreases the efficiency of the parasitoid.     

转Bt基因棉花国抗62对棉铃虫生长发育的影响及田间抗虫效果

为了明确新疆第一个自主转Bt基因棉花品种国抗62对棉铃虫Helicoverpa armigera生长发育影响及田间抗虫效果,2005年进行了室内生物测定和田间小区试验。在室内以国抗62（转Cry1Ac基因棉花）和中棉35（对照常规棉花）的叶片饲喂棉铃虫幼虫,从幼虫发育历期、体重、存活率、化蛹等方面,分析了棉铃虫生长发育动态。结果表明,国抗62对棉铃虫生长发育的抑制作用非常显著。与对照相比,取食国抗62的棉铃虫幼虫1～6龄龄期分别延长了1.0,7.8,8.2,17.8,20.3和＞21.3天;幼虫发育到6龄时存活率仅为2.6%,最终无一化蛹,而对照幼虫发育到6龄时存活率为91.8%,最终化蛹率为89.8%。田间小区调查结果显示国抗62对第2代棉铃虫有非常好的抗虫效果：两个品种棉田棉铃虫落卵量无显著差异,但国抗62棉田比对照棉田虫口数量降低85.7%,顶尖被害率降低94.4%,蕾铃被害率降低95.1%,差异达到显著和极显著水平。但国抗62对第3代棉铃虫的田间抗虫效果欠佳。棉铃虫在新疆棉田以第2代为害为主,因此,国抗62能够起到有效的控制作用。     

Orientation behaviour of Helicoverpa armigera egg parasitoid,Trichogramma chilonis and the larval parasitoid,Campoletis chlorideae towards different groundnut genotypes

Behavioural responses of Helicoverpa armigera egg parasitoid, Trichogramma chilonis and the larval parasitoid, Campoletis chlorideae towards the leaves of groundnut (Arachis hypogaea) genotypes (ICGV 86699, ICGV 86031, ICG 2271, and ICG 1697-resistant, and the susceptible check-JL 24) were studied by using a Y-tube olfactometer. Orientation was studied in comparison to clean air, to insect resistant genotypes in relation to JL 24 and towards H. armigera damaged and undamaged leaves. Leaves of ICGV 86699, ICGV 86031 and ICG 2271 were more attractive to T. chilonis adults than to the clean air. They were strongly attracted to the leaves of ICGV 86699, ICGV 86031 and ICG 1697 than of JL 24. Insect damaged leaves of ICGV 86699, ICGV 86031 and ICG 1697 were more attractive than the respective uninfested leaves. C. chlorideae showed greater attraction towards leaves of ICGV 86699, ICG 2271 and ICG 1697 than the clean air, and were more attracted towards leaves of ICGV 86699 and ICGV 86031 than those of JL 24. The damaged leaves of ICGV 86699, ICGV 86031 and ICG 2271 were more attractive to C. chlorideae than the respective uninfested leaves. Thus insect resistant genotypes exhibited greater compatibility with the natural enemies in groundnut.     

Possible incompatibility between transgenic cottons and parasitoids

Abstract  We investigated the rates of egg and larval parasitism in transgenic and non-transgenic, conventional cottons. Sentinel eggs and larvae of the cotton bollworm, CBW, Helicoverpa armigera Hübner, were released and collected at regular intervals across the cotton growing season, and the relationship between parasitism and different cotton cultivars determined. Egg and larval parasitism were significantly lower in the transgenic cottons than in the non-transgenic conventional cottons. The egg parasitoid recovered was Trichogramma confusum Viggiani and the predominant larval parasitoids were Campoletis chlorideae Uchida and Meteorus pulchriconis (Wesmael). Our studies indicate a potential negative interaction between transgenic cottons and parasitoids of CBW but need to be interpreted with caution because no within-year replication was used and treatments were not spatially randomised across years.     

Effects of transgenic Cry1A＋CpTI cotton and Cry1Ac toxin on the parasitoid, Campoketis chlorideae （Hymenoptera：Ichneumonidae）

Abstract The effect of transgenic double genes, Cry1A + CpTI cotton and Cry1Ac toxin on the parasitoid, Campoketis chlorideae Uchida of cotton bollworm, Helicoverpa armigera (Hübner), was investigated in the laboratory. Helicoverpa armigera larvae when in the first, second and third instar could not survive if fed on transgenic cotton leaves. Consequently, C. chlorideae larvae could not complete their development if parasitizing on such hosts. After H. armigera larvae were reared on transgenic or traditional cotton leaves for 12J48 hours, they were parasitized by C. chlorideae females. Parasitized larvae continued to feed on transgenic or traditional cotton for 12–48 h. The present results showed that the body weight of larvae of the parasitoids were significantly reduced when parasitized hosts fed on transgenic cotton leaves compared to those fed on traditional cotton. Duration of egg and larvae stage were significantly prolonged, pupal and adult weight of C. chloridae was decreased when the host larvae fed on transgenic cotton leaves longer than 48 h. The development duration of C. chlorideae pupae on the hosts fed on transgenic cotton leaves in each treatment was not significantly different from those of controls. The longevity of parasitoid females and males fed with a solution containing Cry1Ac toxin was not significantly different with that of the control.     

棉铃虫与棉花相互作用研究进展

本文从昆虫对远距离寄主植物或者生境的定向 ,到达寄主植物后对取食或产卵部位的识别和选择 ,以及昆虫对寄主植物的适应及寄主植物抗虫性等 3个方面对棉铃虫与棉花的互作关系进行了综述 ,并展望了其应用前景。