马氏珠母贝3个野生种群及种群间杂交后代遗传多样性的ISSR分析

运用ISSR分子标记技术分析了马氏珠母贝(Pinctada martensii)广西北海(BW)、广东大亚湾(DW)和海南三亚(SW)野生种群及其自繁子一代(BB1、SS1、DD1)和杂交子一代(BS1、BD1、DS1)9个群体各50个个体的遗传多样性.结果表明:3个野生群体遗传多样性分别是0.2585、0.2607和0.2571;3个自繁群体子一代遗传多样性分别是0.2504、0.2545和0.2527,3个杂交子一代遗传多样性分别是0.2747、0.2659和0.2784.种群间杂交增加了子代的遗传多样性,同时增加了杂交子一代与杂交亲本间的遗传距离,而自繁群体的遗传多样性与其来源的野生种群比较,遗传多样性降低.本文指出利用野生群体进行杂交育种应该纯化亲本才能获得杂种优势,人工育苗或选择性育种需要保持足够数量的繁殖亲本以避免遗传多样性降低.     

鹅掌楸不同交配组合子代遗传多样性分析

揭示不同交配类型与子代遗传多样性的关系, 对于林木杂交育种及种子园管理具有理论与实践意义。文章选取来自鹅掌楸、北美鹅掌楸及杂交鹅掌楸的16个交配亲本, 共组配14个杂交组合, 分属5种交配类型, 分别为种间杂交、种内交配、多父本混合授粉、回交、以及自交。每个交配组合随机抽取30个子代, 利用SSR分子标记检测各子代群体遗传多样性以及16个交配亲本间的遗传距离。结果表明, 总体上, 鹅掌楸交配子代群体具有较高的遗传多样性。5种交配类型子代群体中, 遗传多样性水平由高至低的趋势为: 多父本混合授粉子代、种间交配子代、杂种F1与亲本的回交子代、种内交配子代, 自交子代。子代遗传多样性与亲本间遗传距离呈显著正相关, 表明亲本间遗传距离大, 则子代遗传多样性高。相同亲本正反交子代群体的遗传多样性差别不明显。     

马氏珠母贝4个壳色选育系F_1遗传结构的AFLP分析

本研究从湛江流沙港马氏珠母贝养殖群体中挑选不同壳色个体为亲本,共构建了黑(BS)、红(RS)、黄(YS)和白壳色(WS)4个壳色选系F1,然后分别在4个壳色选育系F1中随机取样,利用3对AFLP引物分析其遗传结构与遗传分化。结果表明,每对引物的扩增位点数在104～109之间,共得到331个扩增位点;BS、RS、YS和WS壳色选系F1的多态位点比例分别为49.2%、49.5%、51.6%和63.4%,Shannon's多样性指数分别为0.1884、0.1886、0.1896和0.1954,4个壳色选育系F1的遗传分化系数(Fst)为0.1972。本研究说明经过一代壳色纯化4个壳色选育系F1出现显著遗传分化,也为马氏珠母贝壳色系选育或选育系间杂交提供了参考依据。     

利用微卫星标记分析马氏珠母贝4个养殖群体遗传结构

2007年4月,从马氏珠母贝基础群体选取2、4、32和158个亲本分别繁殖4个子代群体,分别命名为P1、P2、P3和P4。2009年7月,从这4个子代群体随机取样30个个体,利用7对微卫星引物分析其遗传结构。结果表明,7对微卫星引物共检测到22个等位基因,每个座位的等位基因数目为2~4个,平均等位基因数为3个,平均有效等位基因数为2.3193。P1、P2、P3和P4群体平均观测杂合度分别为0.4737、0.5489、0.6767和0.7143;P1、P2、P3和P4群体平均期望杂合度分别为0.4737、0.5489、0.6767和0.7143;P1、P2、P3和P4群体的多态信息含量分别为0.4472、0.4224、0.4726和0.4930。本结果表明4个养殖群体均具有较高的遗传多样性,而且有效亲本数目对子代遗传结构有较大的影响,这为马氏珠母贝的遗传育种提供依据。     

两个不同的人工雌核发育草鱼群体基因组DNA的RAPD分析

采用随机扩增多态性DNA(RAPD)技术对连续两代人工诱导雌核发育草鱼群体和一代人工诱导雌核发育草鱼群体的群体内的遗传相似度、遗传距离以及群体多样性进行了分析 ,并用一个随机取样的普通草鱼群体作比较。用 2 6个多态性引物在 3个群体中共检测到了 2 91个扩增位点 ;在 3个群体中检测到的位点数分别为 2 6 5、2 72和2 82。其中多态性位点数分别为 15、19和 81。遗传学统计分析结果表明 :3个群体的多态位点比例分别为 5 6 6 %、6 99%、2 8 72 % ;香农表型多样性指数分别为 0 170 2、0 316 9和 0 84 5 0 ;按照Nei指数统计的三个群体的遗传相似度分别为 0 985 1、0 982 0、0 9114。这些结果表明 :两个雌核发育草鱼群体的遗传多样性远低于普通草鱼群体 ,而其群体的基因组DNA同质性远高于普通草鱼。而在两个雌核发育草鱼群体中 ,两代雌核发育群体的遗传多样性要低于一代雌核发育群体的遗传多样性 ;而群体的遗传纯合度则前者高于后者。     

栲树天然群体遗传结构的RAPD分析

利用RAPD分子标记对 5个栲树 (CastanopsisfargesiiFranch .)天然群体共计 188个个体的遗传多样性和群体遗传结构进行了分析。 4 1个随机寡核苷酸引物共检测到 385个位点 ,其中多态位点 15 7个 ,占 4 0 .78%。物种水平的Shannon多样性指数I=0 .4 5 97,Nei基因多样度h =0 .2 96。遗传变异分析表明 ,栲树群体的遗传变异主要存在于群体内 ,利用Shannon多样性指数估算的分化 (Hsp_Hpop) /Hsp=0 .0 4 76 ,遗传分化系数Gst =0 .0 4 2 9,分子方差分析 (AMOVA)也证实了这一结论 ,群体内的变异组分占了 94 .97% ,群体间变异只占 5 .0 3%。AMOVA分析结果的显著性检验也表明 ,群体间及群体内个体间均呈现出显著分化 (P <0 .0 0 1)。     

用AFLP技术分析四川核桃资源的遗传多样性

 利用AFLP分子标记技术, 运用EcoRⅠ/MseⅠ双酶切组合, 选用多态性高、分辨力强的4对选择性扩增引物组合E32/M48、E33/M61、E35/M61、E33/M62分别对四川省3个野生核桃(Juglans regia)种群和1个野生铁核桃(J. sigillata)种群共46个样品进行遗传多样性分析、居群遗传结构分析及种属关系探讨。结果表明: 1)共扩增出244个遗传位点, 其中146个多态位点, 多态率为59.84%; 核桃群体组和铁核桃群体的多态性百分率分别为55.33%和52.05%, 两个物种遗传多态性水平相当; 核桃群体组所检出的位点平均有效等位基因数Ae、Nei’s基因多样度H、平均Shannon信息指数I分别为1.322 9、0.190 8和0.286 3, 而铁核桃群体分别为1.339 9、0.196 1和0.289 8, 铁核桃群体遗传多样性水平略高于核桃群体。2)群体间特异带及群体间共有带占总扩增带数的15.16%, 其中铁核桃群体特异谱带最多, 群体特异谱带揭示了群体间的遗传差异及相似性。3) Shannon信息指数(I)、Nei’s基因多样性指数(H)和分子方差分析(AMOVA)表明核桃遗传多样性在群体间和群体内的分布分别为14.36%和85.64%、12.6%和87.4%、11.07%和88.93%, 表明群体内的遗传多样性大于群体间的遗传多样性; 核桃群体组与铁核桃群体的变异主要存在于群体组内, 组间的遗传变异仅占总变异的9.35%, 两者间的遗传分化系数Gst为0.093 5, 与AMOVA分析结果一致。4) 4个群体的Nei’s遗传距离在0.038 2～0.069 2之间, 遗传一致度在0.933 2～0.962 5之间, 表现出较高的遗传相似性; 运用Nei’s遗传一致度对供试种群进行了UPGMA聚类, 结果表明核桃的3个群体优先聚类, 大渡河流域群体与甘南地区群体聚类最近。AFLP所检测出的结果既是核桃与铁核桃生物学特性的反映, 又是其各自生态学特性的反映, 该研究结果对核桃种质资源的保护和育种提供一定的理论依据。     

不同苗种来源的中国虾夷扇贝群体的遗传多样性分析

虾夷扇贝(Mizuhopecten yessoensis)于1982年从日本引入中国并展开规模化养殖.由于引入的亲贝数目有限,使虾夷扇贝在人工育苗养殖过程中群体遗传多样性水平下降.本研究使用7对微卫星引物对日本原种贝(♀、♂)自交后的子代群体(RZ)、国内种贝(♀、♂)自交后的子代群体(DZ)、日本原种贝(♂)与国内种贝(♀)的杂交群体(ZJ)和国内自然海区(中国旅顺月亮湾)天然繁殖群体(HC)4个不同的虾夷扇贝群体的遗传多样性进行了研究.实验结果表明,4个群体的平均有效等位基因数为3.2～3.8,平均期望杂合度为0.6718～0.7017,日本野生群体做为种贝繁殖的苗种(KZ)与中国养殖群体相比,遗传多样性水平较高,除了DZ群体外其他群体的遗传多样性并无显著的变化.     

马氏珠母贝(Pinctada martensii)黑壳色养殖群体SSR遗传多样性分析

本研究利用微卫星分子标记技术,对马氏珠母贝(Pinctada martensii)F8代黑壳色普通养殖群体和黑壳色选育群体2个群体共78个个体的遗传多样性进行分析.结果显示,10个SSR位点共扩增出34个等位基因,各位点的等位基因数为2～6个,平均等位基因数为3.4个,黑壳色普通养殖群体和黑壳色选育群体等位基因数(Na)分别为3.3和3.2,有效等位基因数(Ne)分别为1.993 5和1.931 0;香农多样性指数(Ⅰ)为0.801 3和0.746 4;观测杂合度(Ho)分别为0.330 0和0.286 7;期望杂合度(He)分别为0.469 8和0.434 3;多态信息含量(PIC)分别为0.403和0.377.Hardy-Weinberg平衡检验发现,2个群体分别有6个、7个位点偏离平衡(P＜0.05),其中在4个相同位点中偏离平衡,且均表现为杂合子缺失(Ho＜He).两群体的遗传分化指数(Fst)、近交系数(Fis)、基因流(Nm)分别为0.0372和0.309 0和6.471 7.研究结果显示:经过连续的继代选育,马氏珠母贝黑壳色选育群体仍然保持适中的遗传多样性,具备作为选育材料的潜力.     

刺槐不同居群遗传多样性的ISSR分析

利用ISSR标记对全国10个刺槐居群子代100个个体的遗传多样性进行了比较分析,从65个随机引物中筛选出10个多态性引物进行扩增,共检测到91个位点,多态位点数(AP)为85,多态位点百分率(P)为93.41%.刺槐在种级水平的遗传多样性参数略高于居群水平,多态位点百分率(P)分别为95.60%、69.01%,Shannon′s信息指数(I)分别为0.6145、0.3733,Nei′s基因多样性指数(H)分别为0.4337、0.2514.居群间的遗传分化指数Gst、Nei′s基因多样性指数和Shannon′s信息指数统计结果,均显示出中国刺槐居群内遗传多样性大于居群间遗传多样性.利用PopGen32软件对10个居群进行聚类分析可知,10个刺槐群体可分为三大类,亲缘关系和地理分布呈一定的相关性,但没有形成明显的地理变异模式.     

A Unique Protease Cleavage Site Predicted in the Spike Protein of the Novel Pneumonia Coronavirus (2019-nCoV) Potentially Related to Viral Transmissibility

正Dear Editor,In December 2019, a novel human coronavirus caused an epidemic of severe pneumonia(Coronavirus Disease 2019,COVID-19) in Wuhan, Hubei, China(Wu et al. 2020; Zhu et al. 2020). So far, this virus has spread to all areas of China and even to other countries. The epidemic has caused 67,102 confirmed infections with 1526 fatal cases     

Curcuminoids as inhibitors of thioredoxin reductase: A receptor based pharmacophore study with distance mapping of the active site

Curcumin is the yellow pigment of turmeric that interacts irreversibly forming an adduct with thioredoxin reductase (TrxR), an enzyme responsible for redox control of cell and defence against oxidative stress. Docking at both the active sites of TrxR was performed to compare the potency of three naturally occurring curcuminoids, namely curcumin, demethoxy curcumin and bis-demethoxy curcumin. Results show that active sites of TrxR occur at the junction of E and F chains. Volume and area of both cavities is predicted. It has been concluded by distance mapping of the most active conformations that Se atom of catalytic residue SeCYS498, is at a distance of 3.56 from C13 of demethoxy curcumin at the E chain active site, whereas C13 carbon atom forms adduct with Se atom of SeCys 498. We report that at least one methoxy group in curcuminoids is necessary for interation with catalytic residues of thioredoxin. Pharmacophore of both active sites of the TrxR receptor for curcumin and demethoxy curcumin molecules has been drawn and proposed for design and synthesis of most probable potent antiproliferative synthetic drugs.     

Comparative morphology of the carpel in the Liliaceae: Hewardieae, Petrosavieae, and Tricyrteae

The young pistils in the melanthioid tribes, Hewardieae, Petrosavieae and Tricyrteae, are uniformly tricarpellate and syncarpous. They lack raphide idioblasts. All are multiovulate, with bitegmic ovules. The Petrosavieae are marked by the presence of septal glands and incomplete syncarpy. Tepals and stamens adhere to the ovary in the Hewardieae and the Petrosavieae but not in the Tricyrteae. Two vascular bundles occur in the stamens of the Hewartlieae and Tricyrtis latifolia. Ventral bundles in the upper part of the ovary of the Hewardieae are continuous with compound septal bundles and placental bundles in the lower part. Putative ventral bundles occur in the alternate position in the Tricyrteae and putative placental bundles in the opposite. position in the Petrosavieae. The dichtomously branched stigma in each carpel of the Tricyrteae is supplied by a bifurcated dorsal bundle.     

Enterovirus 71 3C proteolytically processes the histone H3 N-terminal tail during infection

Highlights
1. The N-terminal tail of histone H3 is specifically cleaved during EV71 infection.
2. Viral protease 3C is identified as a protease responsible for proteolytically processing the N-terminal H3 tail.
3. Our finding reveals a new epigenetic regulatory mechanism for Enterovirus 71 in virus-host interactions.     

Detection of EBV and HHV6 in the Brain Tissue of Patients with Rasmussen’s Encephalitis

Rasmussen’s encephalitis (RE) is a rare pediatric neurological disorder, and the exact etiology is not clear. Viral infection may be involved in the pathogenesis of RE, but conflicting results have reported. In this study, we evaluated the expression of both Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) and human herpes virus (HHV) 6 antigens in brain sections from 30 patients with RE and 16 control individuals by immunohistochemistry. In the RE group, EBV and HHV6 antigens were detected in 56.7% (17/30) and 50% (15/30) of individuals, respectively. In contrast, no detectable EBV and HHV6 antigen expression was found in brain tissues of the control group. The co-expression of EBV and HHV6 was detected in 20.0% (6/30) of individuals. In particular, a 4-year-old boy had a typical clinical course, including a medical history of viral encephalitis, intractable epilepsy, and hemispheric atrophy. The co-expression of EBV and HHV6 was detected in neurons and astrocytes in the brain tissue, accompanied by a high frequency of CD8⁺ T cells. Our results suggest that EBV and HHV6 infection and the activation of CD8⁺ T cells are involved in the pathogenesis of RE.     

Perinatal Vertical Transmission of Chikungunya Virus in Ruili,a Town on the Border between China and Myanmar

正Dear Editor,Chikungunya virus (CHIKV), an arbovirus in the family of Togaviridae, genus Alphavirus, is transmitted by the A.aegyptii or A. albopictus mosquito, and causes disease in humans characterized by fever, rash, and arthralgia (Silva and Dermody 2017; Suhrbier 2019). It was first reported in 1953 in Tanzania, and caused only a few outbreaks and sporadic cases in Africa and Asia in last century. However, in the epidemic in 2004, CHIKV acquired mutations that conferred enhanced transmission by the A. albopictus mosquito(Schuffenecker et al. 2006). Since then, it has successively caused outbreaks in Africa, the Indian Ocean, South East Asia, the South America, and Europe (Zeller et al. 2016).     

Development of a Novel Reverse Transcription Loop-Mediated Isothermal Amplification Method for Rapid Detection of SARS-CoV-2

In conclusion, the novel visual RT-LAMP assay is a simple, rapid, and sensitive approach for detection of SARS-CoV-2, and it is ready for application in primary care and community hospitals or health care centers, and even patients' own houses in response to the current SARS-CoV-2 epidemic because the assay does not require sophisticated equipment and skilled personnel. Furthermore, it is also ready to be used in fields for screening samples from wild animals and environments to facilitate the identification of potential intermediate hosts that mediate the cross-species transmission of SARS-CoV-2 from bats to humans.