不同生态环境下雌雄同株黄瓜单性结实性遗传的比较

以两个单性结实性不同的雌雄同株黄瓜自交系构建的4世代群体为试材,采用植物数量性状主基因+多基因混合遗传模型联合分析方法,对南京江宁和河北昌黎两地雌雄同株黄瓜单性结实性遗传进行了比较研究.结果表明：不同生态环境下,雌雄同株黄瓜单性结实性遗传均符合E-1-1模型,受2对加性-显性-上位性主基因+加性-显性多基因控制,存在基因型与环境互作效应.但是,不同环境条件下F₁的遗传倾向和遗传参数不同,F₂的主基因遗传率为42.1%～97.5%,其遗传差异主要由黄瓜结果期两地日照和温度差异所致.强单性结实黄瓜品种选育以双亲均为强单性结实材料为宜,杂种后代宜在不同生态条件下选择鉴定.     

大白菜抽薹性状的主基因＋多基因遗传分析

以大白菜易抽薹自交系06S1703和耐抽薹自交系06J32形成的P1、P2、F1、F2、B1和B2等6个世代为材料,应用主基因+多基因多世代联合分析方法,对大白菜抽薹性状进行了研究.结果表明,大白菜的抽薹性受2对加性-显性-上位性主基因+加性-显性-上位性多基因控制,其中2对主基因的加性效应值分别为-3.575 8和-13.619,显性效应值分别为-3.755 2和-2.257 7.B1、B2和F2世代的主基因遗传率分别为87.95%、95.13%和96.25%,只在B1群体中检测到多基因效应,遗传率仅为1.39%,说明大白菜的抽薹性是以主基因遗传为主,可以进行早期选择.     

黄瓜雄花性状的遗传分析

为了解黄瓜雄花花器的遗传特性,该研究以雄花器官较小的华南型黄瓜二早子为母本,花器较大的加工型黄瓜NC-76为父本,构建4世代遗传群体,并采用多世代联合分离分析方法,分析黄瓜雄花花器性状的遗传特性。结果表明:分离群体的雄花花梗和花冠长2个性状均表现为单峰分布,表明两性状为数量性状且有主基因控制;花梗长性状符合2对完全显性主基因+加性-显性多基因(E-5)模型,花冠长性状符合2对加性-显性-上位性主基因+加性-显性-上位性多基因(E-1)模型;控制花梗长性状的两对主基因的加性效应相等,为0.573,多基因的加性效应和显性效应值相差不大,且均为负向;控制花冠长度性状的2对主基因的加性效应均为0,显性效应分别为-0.226和-0.472,在上位性作用中以加性×加性和显性×显性互作为主,多基因以显性效应为主,正向显性效应值为0.613,大于负向的加性效应值。花梗和花冠长度两个性状在F2群体中主基因遗传率分别为61.04%和69.60%,多基因遗传率均为0。由此看出黄瓜雄花花器性状为数量遗传,遗传率相对较高。该研究结果显示在黄瓜杂交育种中对花器大小选择可以在较早世代选择。     

陕北黄芥芥酸含量的主基因+多基因遗传分析

以吴旗黄芥×长安芥菜组合的6个世代P1、P2、F1、B1、B2和F2群体为材料,利用植物数量性状主基因+多基因模型的多世代联合分析方法研究了该组合芥酸含量的遗传特征.结果表明:吴旗黄芥×长安芥菜组合芥酸含量受2对加性-显性-上位性主基因+加性-显性-上位性多基因(E模型)控制.主基因效应中,加性效应大于显性效应,第一对主基因加性效应(da)和显性效应(ha)分别为-4.718 0和4.419 5;第二对主基因的加性效应(db)和显性效应(hb)分别-4.005 8和2.023 7;2对主基因对芥酸含量的贡献差异较大,第二对主基因加性和显性效应之和占第一对主基因加性和显性效应之和的65.98%;2对主基因间存在一定的互作效应(绝对值在0.338 7～3.694 1),其中第一对主基因显性×第二对主基因加性效应(jba)较大,为3.694 1.B1、B2和F2群体芥酸含量主基因遗传率分别为68.83%、44.76%和87.99%;多基因遗传率分别为20.29%、41.21%和0,F2代表现出较高的遗传力,可在早期世代对芥酸含量进行选择.     

白菜叶裂数性状主基因+多基因遗传分析

以叶片全缘的大白菜自交系(P1)和叶缘深裂的欧洲白菜型油菜自交系(P2)杂交所获得的6个基本世代(P1、P2、F1、B1、B2、F2)为材料,应用主基因+多基因混合遗传模型对白菜叶裂数进行遗传分析。结果表明,白菜的叶裂数受2对加性-显性-上位性主基因+加性-显性多基因的控制,第1对主基因加性效应为-1.154 7,显性效应为-1.516 8;第2对主基因的加性效应为-1.154 8,显性效应为1.034 9;多基因加性效应为0.591 9,显性效应为1.145 2,2对主基因间存在明显的交互作用。B1、B2和F2世代叶裂数的主基因遗传率分别为88.48%、90.40%、93.03%;多基因遗传率分别为4.114%、0、0。B1、B2、F2世代叶裂数表现出较高的主基因遗传率,受环境影响较小。在白菜叶裂数性状的改良中应以主基因为主,并适于早代选择。     

不结球白菜叶子重量性状遗传模型分析

应用主基因+多基因6个世代联合分离分析方法, 对不结球白菜SI×秋017组合的叶片重和叶柄重性状进行了分析。结果表明, SI×秋017组合的叶片重性状遗传受1对负向完全显性主基因+加性-显性多基因(D-4)控制, 主基因加性效应为1.8991, 显性效应为-1.8991; 多基因加性效应为-1.2934, 显性效应为1.7933; 势能比值为-1.3865, 显性度为-1.0000; B1、B2和F2世代群体叶片重的主基因遗传率分别为6.98%、4.33% 和36.08%; B1、B2和F2世代群体叶片重的多基因遗传率为16.03%、7.39%和23.96%。叶柄重的遗传受1对加性主基因+加性-显性多基因(D-2)控制, 主基因加性效应为-1.1457, 显性效应为0; 多基因加性效应为1.3472, 多基因显性效应为2.5788; 势能比值为1.9142, 显性度为0。B1、B2和F2世代群体叶柄重的主基因遗传率分别为31.72%、5.27%和57.94%。B1、B2和F2世代群体叶柄重的多基因遗传率分别为0.42%、4.59%和4.80%。对SI×秋017组合叶片重性状的改良要在晚代选择; 对叶柄重的改良要以主基因为主, 可在早代选择。     

辣椒株高遗传分析

以辣椒矮秆自交系B9431（P1）和高秆自交系‘吉林长椒’（P2）为双亲,构建P1、F1、P1、B1、B2和F2 6个家系世代群体,应用植物数量性状主基因＋多基因混合遗传模型对该6个世代群体株高进行多世代联合分析,结果显示：株高遗传符合1对主基因＋多基因遗传模型,高秆对矮秆表现为不完全显性,F1代株高的势能比值为0．39,显性程度为0．91。B1、B2和F2群体主基因遗传率分别为20．35％、17．20％和35．29％,多基因遗传率分别为5．08％、19．75％和0;主基因效应表现为负向加性效应,其值为-6．43,显性效应为0;多基因加性效应值和显性效应值分别为-8．89和9．77。研究还表明,主基因与多基因间的基因效应存在一定差异,主基因加性效应值相当于多基因加性效应值的72．33％,主基因无显性效应,显性效应是由多基因控制遗传。     

黄瓜苗期低温弱光下MDA含量主基因-多基因联合遗传分析

选取耐低温弱光性不同的2份黄瓜材料9507、9517及其配制的BC1、BC2、F1、F2等6个世代,进行低温弱光处理,每天光照处理7.5 h,强度为30 μmol·m-2·s-1,约合2 000 lx,白天12℃,晚上8℃,共处理14 d.运用主基因-多基因联合遗传模型方法研究丙二醛(MDA)含量的遗传规律,并估算遗传参数.结果表明MDA含量的遗传受2对加性-显性-上位性主基因+加性-显性多基因控制,2对主基因的加性效应均为负向效应,其显性效应也均为负向,差异不大.总加性效应与总显性效应均为较大的负向效应.分离世代中,主基因的遗传率均比多基因的遗传率高,环境方差对表型方差的影响占有绝对优势,即低温弱光条件下环境对MDA含量的遗传起很大作用,对于这个性状适于晚代选择.     

野生甜瓜'云甜-930'对白粉病抗性的遗传分析

以经过多代自交选育的高抗白粉病材料野生甜瓜'云甜-930'(P1)与感病栽培甜瓜'华莱士'(P2)组配,构建了P1、P2、F1、B1、B2和F2 6个世代,对大棚栽培条件下各世代材料的白粉病自然发病状况进行考察,用植物数量性状主基因+多基因混合遗传模型的多世代联合分析法,研究野生甜瓜'云甜-930'对白粉病的抗性遗传规律.结果显示:野生甜瓜'云甜-930'对白粉病的抗性遗传符合2对加性-显性-上位性主基因+加性-显性-上位性多基因混合遗传模型(E-0),2对主基因的加性效应相等,da和db均为-15.76,2对主基因的显性效应ha和hb分别为14.98和19.87,第2对主基因的显性效应大于第1对;2对主基因互作效应中除了显性×显性效应(l=-7.73)较小外,其它互作效应均较大,加性×加性效应i为31.46,加性×显性效应jab为-26.86,而显性×加性效应jba为-17.07.该组合的B1、B2和F2群体抗病性主基因遗传率分别为73.31%、69.15%和97.61%,多基因遗传率分别为18.83%、25.86%和0,环境变异在2.39%～7.86%之间.研究表明,野生甜瓜'云甜-930'对白粉病的抗性受2对加性-显性-上位性主基因+加性-显性-上位性多基因控制,同时还受到环境的影响.在甜瓜抗白粉病育种中,在F2代主基因的选择效率最高.     

辣椒开花期的主基因+多基因遗传分析

应用植物数量性状主基因+多基困混合遗传模型对早熟辣椒‘E100’与‘L101’杂交组合多个世代群体开花期进行了联合分析.结果表明:开花期由两对加性-显性-上位性主基因+加性-显性-上位性多基因的控制;主基因遗传率在B1、B2和F2世代分别为55.27%、53.83%和76.05%;B1、B2和F2世代多基因遗传率分别为34.13%、42.78%和16.94%.     

A Unique Protease Cleavage Site Predicted in the Spike Protein of the Novel Pneumonia Coronavirus (2019-nCoV) Potentially Related to Viral Transmissibility

正Dear Editor,In December 2019, a novel human coronavirus caused an epidemic of severe pneumonia(Coronavirus Disease 2019,COVID-19) in Wuhan, Hubei, China(Wu et al. 2020; Zhu et al. 2020). So far, this virus has spread to all areas of China and even to other countries. The epidemic has caused 67,102 confirmed infections with 1526 fatal cases     

Curcuminoids as inhibitors of thioredoxin reductase: A receptor based pharmacophore study with distance mapping of the active site

Curcumin is the yellow pigment of turmeric that interacts irreversibly forming an adduct with thioredoxin reductase (TrxR), an enzyme responsible for redox control of cell and defence against oxidative stress. Docking at both the active sites of TrxR was performed to compare the potency of three naturally occurring curcuminoids, namely curcumin, demethoxy curcumin and bis-demethoxy curcumin. Results show that active sites of TrxR occur at the junction of E and F chains. Volume and area of both cavities is predicted. It has been concluded by distance mapping of the most active conformations that Se atom of catalytic residue SeCYS498, is at a distance of 3.56 from C13 of demethoxy curcumin at the E chain active site, whereas C13 carbon atom forms adduct with Se atom of SeCys 498. We report that at least one methoxy group in curcuminoids is necessary for interation with catalytic residues of thioredoxin. Pharmacophore of both active sites of the TrxR receptor for curcumin and demethoxy curcumin molecules has been drawn and proposed for design and synthesis of most probable potent antiproliferative synthetic drugs.     

Comparative morphology of the carpel in the Liliaceae: Hewardieae, Petrosavieae, and Tricyrteae

The young pistils in the melanthioid tribes, Hewardieae, Petrosavieae and Tricyrteae, are uniformly tricarpellate and syncarpous. They lack raphide idioblasts. All are multiovulate, with bitegmic ovules. The Petrosavieae are marked by the presence of septal glands and incomplete syncarpy. Tepals and stamens adhere to the ovary in the Hewardieae and the Petrosavieae but not in the Tricyrteae. Two vascular bundles occur in the stamens of the Hewartlieae and Tricyrtis latifolia. Ventral bundles in the upper part of the ovary of the Hewardieae are continuous with compound septal bundles and placental bundles in the lower part. Putative ventral bundles occur in the alternate position in the Tricyrteae and putative placental bundles in the opposite. position in the Petrosavieae. The dichtomously branched stigma in each carpel of the Tricyrteae is supplied by a bifurcated dorsal bundle.     

Enterovirus 71 3C proteolytically processes the histone H3 N-terminal tail during infection

Highlights
1. The N-terminal tail of histone H3 is specifically cleaved during EV71 infection.
2. Viral protease 3C is identified as a protease responsible for proteolytically processing the N-terminal H3 tail.
3. Our finding reveals a new epigenetic regulatory mechanism for Enterovirus 71 in virus-host interactions.     

Detection of EBV and HHV6 in the Brain Tissue of Patients with Rasmussen’s Encephalitis

Rasmussen’s encephalitis (RE) is a rare pediatric neurological disorder, and the exact etiology is not clear. Viral infection may be involved in the pathogenesis of RE, but conflicting results have reported. In this study, we evaluated the expression of both Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) and human herpes virus (HHV) 6 antigens in brain sections from 30 patients with RE and 16 control individuals by immunohistochemistry. In the RE group, EBV and HHV6 antigens were detected in 56.7% (17/30) and 50% (15/30) of individuals, respectively. In contrast, no detectable EBV and HHV6 antigen expression was found in brain tissues of the control group. The co-expression of EBV and HHV6 was detected in 20.0% (6/30) of individuals. In particular, a 4-year-old boy had a typical clinical course, including a medical history of viral encephalitis, intractable epilepsy, and hemispheric atrophy. The co-expression of EBV and HHV6 was detected in neurons and astrocytes in the brain tissue, accompanied by a high frequency of CD8⁺ T cells. Our results suggest that EBV and HHV6 infection and the activation of CD8⁺ T cells are involved in the pathogenesis of RE.     

Perinatal Vertical Transmission of Chikungunya Virus in Ruili,a Town on the Border between China and Myanmar

正Dear Editor,Chikungunya virus (CHIKV), an arbovirus in the family of Togaviridae, genus Alphavirus, is transmitted by the A.aegyptii or A. albopictus mosquito, and causes disease in humans characterized by fever, rash, and arthralgia (Silva and Dermody 2017; Suhrbier 2019). It was first reported in 1953 in Tanzania, and caused only a few outbreaks and sporadic cases in Africa and Asia in last century. However, in the epidemic in 2004, CHIKV acquired mutations that conferred enhanced transmission by the A. albopictus mosquito(Schuffenecker et al. 2006). Since then, it has successively caused outbreaks in Africa, the Indian Ocean, South East Asia, the South America, and Europe (Zeller et al. 2016).     

Development of a Novel Reverse Transcription Loop-Mediated Isothermal Amplification Method for Rapid Detection of SARS-CoV-2

In conclusion, the novel visual RT-LAMP assay is a simple, rapid, and sensitive approach for detection of SARS-CoV-2, and it is ready for application in primary care and community hospitals or health care centers, and even patients' own houses in response to the current SARS-CoV-2 epidemic because the assay does not require sophisticated equipment and skilled personnel. Furthermore, it is also ready to be used in fields for screening samples from wild animals and environments to facilitate the identification of potential intermediate hosts that mediate the cross-species transmission of SARS-CoV-2 from bats to humans.