江西九连山自然保护区栲属群落优势种群的种间联结关系

采用2×2联列表,通过方差分析、χ2检验、联结系数AC值、JI指数对江西九连山栲属Castanopsis群落样地重要值前20的种群种间联结进行定量分析。结果表明,九连山栲属群落20个优势种群总体种间的正关联性不显著;但20个优势种群的种间联结关系中3对具显著正联结,2对具极显著正联结,1对具显著负联结,3对具极显著负联结。190个种对中,大多数种对联结关系未达显著水平,种对间的独立性相对较强。种群间的正联结性与种群重要值的关系分析表明,重要值高的种群间形成明显正联结性的种对数量最多,重要值高的种群与重要值低的种群之间形成明显正联结性的种对数量次之,重要值低种群间形成明显正联结性的种对数量最少。目前,群落正处于向顶级稳定群落演替的状态。     

广州帽峰山次生林主要种群种间联结性研究

运用方差比率法(VR)、χ²统计量、2×2联列表和共同出现百分率对帽峰山次生林群落10000m²典型样地乔木层15个主要种群和灌木层9个主要种群进行种间联结的测定与分析,指出乔木层15个种群总体呈不显著的负联结,主要种群黄樟、三叉苦、鸭脚木和亮叶猴耳环只与极少数种群形成显著联结,与大部分种群联结关系较弱。灌木层9个种群整体为显著负联结,但主要种群三叉苦与九节、七裂叶悬钩子和假鹰爪呈显著正联结,鸭脚木与九节呈显著正联结,亮叶猴耳环与灌木层其它种群不存在显著联结关系。本文比较了多物种间总体关联性指标和3个成对物种间联结性测定指标的优缺点,并探讨了帽峰山生态公益林示范区次生林经营管理和可持续发展的基本途径。     

海南岛尖峰岭次生热带山地雨林树种间的联结动态

应用方差检验法和基于２＊２联列表的分析手段,对海南岛尖峰岭热带山地雨林采伐后２５－３５年次生群落２４００ｍ＾２固定样中胸径≥７．０ｃｍ林木的种间联结动态进行了研究,结果如下：１）群落内的树种总体呈正联结,但未达到显著水平。联结指数Ｖ界于１．００－１．２１之间,接近无联结假设条件下的Ｖ值（Ｖ＝１）,证实了作者关于“种的分布相对独立”的假说;２）种间联结的比例和强度随演替进程而下降,群落朝种间无联结中     

珍稀植物狭果秤锤树群落木本植物种间联结性及群落稳定性研究

在珍稀植物狭果秤锤树集中分布地设置0.5 hm~2的固定样地,采用相邻格子法进行野外调查,在2×2联列表基础上,运用x2和W检验,联结系数(AC)、共同出现百分率(PC)的种间联结性分析和M.Godron群落稳定性测定方法,对狭果秤锤树群落中频度较高的24个木本植物优势种,276个种对间的联结性及群落稳定性进行了研究,以评价狭果秤锤树这一稀有种群的种间关系及群落稳定性。联结性分析表明,群落总体联结性VR(方差比率)1,检验统计量W≤x_(0.05(50))~2,显示群落木本种群间表现出净的正关联,但未达到显著水平。联结性测定指标显示,狭果秤锤树与大多种群关联不显著,表现出相对独立性和随机性,关系松散。群落稳定性比值为35/65,远离20/80,表明群落总体不稳定。狭果秤锤树群落尚未达到稳定阶段,急需加强保护。在物种就地保护和回归实践中,可选择和保护与之正联结的物种,建立适宜的生存环境以达到更好的保护效果。     

珍稀植物对开蕨与其伴生物种的联结性及群落稳定性

基于2×2联列表,采用X2和W检验,联结系数(AC)、点相关系数(PPC)、Ochiai指数(OI)、共同出现百分率(PC)的种间联结性分析和M.Godron群落稳定性测定方法,以长白山极其狭小地区分布的国家Ⅱ级保护植物——对开蕨(Phyllitis scolopendrium)为研究对象,分析了其在海拔729、1008m群落内,对开蕨与其伴生种联结性及群落稳定性。调查显示:吉林省临江区域自然分布的对开蕨种群为小片状聚集分布,数量较少,局部大尺度上分布频度极低,为偶见种。与对开蕨伴生的植物共有70种,其中乔木16种,灌木16种,草本植物38种。联结性分析表明:群落总体联结性VR(方差比率)1,检验统计量WX20.05(N),显示群落种群间均表现出正关联,但没有达到显著水平。联结性测度指标显示对开蕨种群与乔木、灌木联结性低于与草本的联结性;其中对开蕨与乔木联结种对均不显著(X23.841);与灌木正联结种对以凤城卫矛(Euonymus maximowiczianus)达到显著正联结(X23.841),其它联结均不显著;对开蕨与草本植物三叉耳蕨(Polystichum tripteron)达到极显著正联结(X26.635),与粗茎鳞毛蕨(Dryopteris crassirhizoma)为显著正联结,与野芝麻(Lamium barbatum)为显著负联结(3.841X26.635),反映出对开蕨与大多数植物种群关联不显著或显著关联的种群极少,种间联结关系较为松散趋向于相互独立,有很大的随机性。群落稳定性测定得出:海拔1008m的01群落和海拔729m的02群落,其总体的累计种类倒数百分数与累积相对频度比值分别为35/65、34/66,均远离20/80;各群落内乔木层、灌木层、草本层的比值也远离稳定点坐标,显示出群落总体均不稳定;两个群落内部各层次的稳定性排序均为草本层灌木层乔木层。结论提示:现存对开蕨群落极不稳定,亟待加强保护。在物种保护和回归实践中可通过保护和选择与之正联结较强的物种来保护和建立对开蕨生存环境以求对开蕨分布群落的稳定,最终达到实效保护目的。     

浙江天童披针叶茴香群落种间联结性研究

通过基于2×2列联表的种间联结分析和,检验,对浙江天童保存较好的披针叶茴香（Illicium lanceolatum A．C．Smith）群落的种间联结性进行研究,以揭示披针叶茴香在群落中的地位及种间联结与群落稳定性的关系。结果表明：（1）群落内所有树种间总体呈显著正联结[W（49．607）〉x0.05,32^2（46．194）];群落内所有物种间显著正联结的种对数比例高于显著负联结的种对数比例,但无显著联结种对数的比例最大。这表明群落处于稳定共存的状态。（2）披针叶茴香与石楠、尖萼毛柃、苦槠、四川山矾等7种呈显著正关联,仅与枫香呈显著负联结,与多数种间联结性不显著;披针叶茴香与多数种的联结系数（AC）值大于0．5（74．3％）,其中正联结种对数明显多于负联结种对数,表明披针叶茴香在群落中处于优势地位,与多数种群互利共存。此研究结果对制定该物种合适的就地保护措施、种群恢复以及人工规模栽培配置模式、生境的选择具有重要参考价值。     

浙江天童披叶茴香群落种间联结性研究

通过基于2×2列联表的种间联结分析和x2检验,对浙江天童保存较好的披针叶茴香(Illicium lanceolatum AC.Smith)群落的种间联结性进行研究,以揭示披针叶茴香在群落中的地位及种间联结与群落稳定性的关系.结果表明:(1)群落内所有树种间总体呈显著正联结[W(49.607)>x20.0.5,32,(46.194)];群落内所有物种问显著正联结的种对数比例高于显著负联结的种对数比例,但无显著联结种对数的比例最大.这表明群落处于稳定共存的状态.(2)披针叶茴香与石楠、尖萼毛柃、苦槠、四川山矾等7种呈显著正关联,仅与枫香旱显著负联结,与多数种问联结性不显著;披针叶茼香与多数种的联结系数(AC)值人于0.5(74.3%),其中正联结种埘数明显多于负联结种埘数,表明披针叶茴香住群落中处于优势地位,与多数种群互利共存.此研究结果对制定该物种合适的就地保护措施、种群恢复以及人工规模栽培配置模式、生境的选择具有重要参考价值.     

桥山林区麻栎群落主要乔木种群的种间联结性

采用方差比率法(VR),基于2×2联列表的χ2检验、联结系数(AC)、共同出现百分率(PC)和点相关系数Ф,对桥山林区麻栎(Quercus acutissima)群落中重要值前17位的乔木种群进行种间联结测定与分析。结果表明:桥山林区麻栎群落17个主要乔木种群总体表现为不显著负关联,各物种趋于独立,群落整体不稳定;χ2检验结果显示17个主要种136个种对中,正联结占44.85%,负联结占55.15%,绝大多数呈不显著关联,说明群落种间关联较弱,群落处于不稳定演替阶段;联结系数AC与共同出现百分率PC分析结果都表明17个主要种总体上对生境的需求不同,各种对同时出现几率小;点相关系数Ф测定结果显示正联结种对62个,占总对数45.59%,负联结种对74个,占总对数54.41%;根据种群的聚类分析和种间联结测定结果及生态习性,把17个主要种群划分为3个生态种组。     

苏门白酒草对乡土植物群落种间联结性及稳定性的影响

根据2×2列联表,运用方差比率（VR）,χ2检验和Jaccard指数以及改良的Godron M.稳定性测度方法,研究江西省上饶市苏门白酒草群落中12个主要种群间的联结性。结果表明：(1)苏门白酒草入侵前群落总体联结性为显著正联结,群落中的正联结种对多,存在极显著正联结种对;(2)苏门白酒草入侵后,群落总体种间联结性呈负相关,种对正联结数量较入侵前明显减少,出现显著负联结种对;(3)苏门白酒草入侵后,联结性较强的乡土群落植物明显分为两个生态种组;(4)苏门白酒草的入侵导致乡土植物群落稳定性下降,16个原有物种消失,出现4个新物种。     

海南岛吊罗山热带山地雨林两个演替阶段的种间联结性

种间联结一直是群落演替理论研究的焦点之一, 关于物种间相互作用与群落演替之间的动态关系仍然存在争议。本文中, 作者通过出现-不出现数据的方差比例、基于2×2列联表的种间联结分析和 ²检验, 对海南岛吊罗山热带山地雨林演替前期和演替后期群落的种间联结性进行了研究, 以揭示种间联结与群落演替的相互作用。结果表明: (1)在演替前期, 群落内所有树种间总体呈正联结, 但不显著; 发展至演替后期达到显著正联结。群落内所有物种间正、负联结种对数占总种对数的比例随演替进程呈现下降趋势, 而无联结种对数的比例则大幅上升; 优势种和伴生种间呈现相同的趋势。这表明群落演替正朝着有利于物种稳定共存的方向发展。(2)演替前期建群种和后期侵入种间正联结与无联结种对数的比例(分别为37.8%与41.5%)远大于负联结的比例(20.7%), 但正联结均不显著; 前期定居树种和后期侵入种通过分割资源而共存, 而且也趋于独立存在。(3)后期侵入种间不存在负联结, 所有正联结(占总对数的33.3%)均达显著水平, 显示它们对生境有相似的适应和相互重叠的生态位。     

Curcuminoids as inhibitors of thioredoxin reductase: A receptor based pharmacophore study with distance mapping of the active site

Curcumin is the yellow pigment of turmeric that interacts irreversibly forming an adduct with thioredoxin reductase (TrxR), an enzyme responsible for redox control of cell and defence against oxidative stress. Docking at both the active sites of TrxR was performed to compare the potency of three naturally occurring curcuminoids, namely curcumin, demethoxy curcumin and bis-demethoxy curcumin. Results show that active sites of TrxR occur at the junction of E and F chains. Volume and area of both cavities is predicted. It has been concluded by distance mapping of the most active conformations that Se atom of catalytic residue SeCYS498, is at a distance of 3.56 from C13 of demethoxy curcumin at the E chain active site, whereas C13 carbon atom forms adduct with Se atom of SeCys 498. We report that at least one methoxy group in curcuminoids is necessary for interation with catalytic residues of thioredoxin. Pharmacophore of both active sites of the TrxR receptor for curcumin and demethoxy curcumin molecules has been drawn and proposed for design and synthesis of most probable potent antiproliferative synthetic drugs.     

A Unique Protease Cleavage Site Predicted in the Spike Protein of the Novel Pneumonia Coronavirus (2019-nCoV) Potentially Related to Viral Transmissibility

正Dear Editor,In December 2019, a novel human coronavirus caused an epidemic of severe pneumonia(Coronavirus Disease 2019,COVID-19) in Wuhan, Hubei, China(Wu et al. 2020; Zhu et al. 2020). So far, this virus has spread to all areas of China and even to other countries. The epidemic has caused 67,102 confirmed infections with 1526 fatal cases     

Comparative morphology of the carpel in the Liliaceae: Hewardieae, Petrosavieae, and Tricyrteae

The young pistils in the melanthioid tribes, Hewardieae, Petrosavieae and Tricyrteae, are uniformly tricarpellate and syncarpous. They lack raphide idioblasts. All are multiovulate, with bitegmic ovules. The Petrosavieae are marked by the presence of septal glands and incomplete syncarpy. Tepals and stamens adhere to the ovary in the Hewardieae and the Petrosavieae but not in the Tricyrteae. Two vascular bundles occur in the stamens of the Hewartlieae and Tricyrtis latifolia. Ventral bundles in the upper part of the ovary of the Hewardieae are continuous with compound septal bundles and placental bundles in the lower part. Putative ventral bundles occur in the alternate position in the Tricyrteae and putative placental bundles in the opposite. position in the Petrosavieae. The dichtomously branched stigma in each carpel of the Tricyrteae is supplied by a bifurcated dorsal bundle.     

Entwicklungsgeschichte und Ultrastruktur von Pollenkitt und Exine bei nahe verwandten entomophilen und anemophilen Angiospermensippen derAlismataceae,Liliaceae, Juncaceae,Cyperaceae, Poaceae undAraceae

Some closely related members of the monocotyledonous familiesAlismataceae, Liliaceae, Juncaceae, Cyperaceae, Poaceae andAraceae with variable modes of pollination (insect- and wind-pollination) were studied in relation to the ultrastructure of pollenkitt and exine (amount, consistency and distribution of pollenkitt on the surface of pollen grains). The character syndromes of pollen cementing in entomophilous, anemophilous and intermediate (ambophilous or amphiphilous) monocotyledons are the same in principal as in dicotyledons. Comparing present with former results one can summarize: 1) The pollenkitt is always produced in the same manner by the anther tapetum in all angiosperm sub-classes. 2) The variable stickiness of entomophilous and anemophilous pollen always depends on the particular distribution and consistency of the pollenkitt, but not its amount on the pollen surface. 3) The mostly dry and powdery pollen of anemophilous plants always contains a variable amount of inactive pollenkitt in its exine cavities. 4) A step-by step change of the pollen cementing syndrome can be observed from entomophily towards anemophily. 5) From the omnipresence of pollenkitt in all wind-pollinated angiosperms studied one can conclude that the ancestors of anemophilous angiosperms probably have been zoophilous (i.e. entomophilous) throughout.

     

Identification and Characterization of the First Equine Parainfluenza Virus 5

正Dear Editor,Parainfluenza virus 5 (PIV5), known as canine parainfluenza virus in the veterinary field, is a negative-sense,nonsegmented, single-stranded RNA virus belonging to the Paramyxoviridae family (Chen 2018). The virus was first reported in primary monkey kidney cells in 1954 (Hsiung1972), then it has been frequently discovered in various     

Pathogenic Characterization and Full Length Genome Sequence of a Reassortant Infectious Bursal Disease Virus Newly Isolated in Pakistan

<正>Dear Editor,Infectious bursal disease (IBD) is one of the most important diseases of the poultry. The IBD virus (IBDV), a nonenveloped virus belonging to the Birnaviridae family with a genome consisting of two segments of double-stranded RNA (segments A and B), targets B lymphocytes of bursa of Fabricious leading to immunosuppression. In Pakistan,poultry farming is the second biggest industry and IBD is the second biggest disease threating the poultry sector.However, there is limited genome information of IBDV