叶面喷施褪黑素对干旱及复水下玉米光合特性和抗氧化系统的影响

为揭示叶面喷施外源褪黑素(MT)在干旱胁迫及复水下调控玉米的生理机制,该研究以玉米‘陕科9号’为试验材料,叶面喷施100 μmol·L^-1褪黑素,在重度干旱胁迫和复水后测定叶片相对含水量(RWC)、叶面积、地上部生物量、光合机构活性以及抗氧化酶活性等指标。结果表明：(1)外源喷施褪黑素能有效缓解干旱胁迫诱导的玉米生长发育抑制,同时显著提高干旱胁迫下玉米叶片光系统(PSⅡ和PSⅠ)有效量子产量［Y(Ⅱ)和Y(Ⅰ)］,并降低干旱胁迫下叶片PSⅠ 受体侧和供体侧限制引起的非光化学能量耗散的量子产量Y(ND)和Y(NA)。(2)喷施外源褪黑素显著增强了干旱胁迫玉米植株叶片超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、过氧化氢酶(CAT)、抗坏血酸过氧化物酶(APX)及谷胱甘肽还原酶(GR)活性,显著降低了其丙二醛(MDA)和过氧化氢(H₂O₂)含量;同时外源褪黑激素也显著上调了其相应抗氧化酶活性相关基因的表达量。(3)复水后,干旱胁迫下经褪黑素处理的玉米植株叶片上述各参数恢复速度较单独干旱胁迫处理植株更快。研究认为,叶面喷施褪黑素有效缓解了干旱胁迫对玉米叶片的光合机构的损伤,增强了叶片抗氧化酶活性及相关基因的表达,显著降低了膜脂过氧化伤害程度,且复水后显著促进叶片生理功能的恢复,表明外源褪黑素可通过改善干旱及复水下玉米叶片光合效率和抗氧化能力,从而促进植株生长以适应干旱多变的环境。     

干旱胁迫下腐植酸对燕麦叶片非结构性碳水化合物代谢的影响

以燕麦品种‘燕科2号’为试验材料,采用盆栽方式,分别在正常供水(75%田间持水量)、中度干旱胁迫(60%田间持水量)和重度干旱胁迫(45%田间持水量)3个水分条件下喷施腐植酸(HA)和等量清水(CK),对燕麦叶片中非结构性碳水化合物(NSC)含量及相关酶活性和籽粒产量进行测定,以明确腐植酸在干旱胁迫下对燕麦叶片非结构性碳水化合物代谢变化的影响,探讨HA对燕麦耐旱性的影响及其作用机制。结果表明：(1)随着土壤水分含量的减少,燕麦叶片中蔗糖和淀粉含量逐渐显著降低,蔗糖合成酶(SS)、蔗糖磷酸合成酶(SPS)活性显著降低,而酸性转化酶(S AI)和淀粉水解酶(α GC)活性显著提高。(2)燕麦叶片可溶性总糖和还原糖含量随着土壤水分含量的减少表现出先升高后降低的变化趋势,导致籽粒产量显著下降,且干旱胁迫程度越重变化幅度越大。(3)叶面喷施HA能不同程度提升中度和重度干旱胁迫下燕麦叶片中上述非结构性碳水化合物含量,并调节相关酶活性,显著提高籽粒产量,并在重度胁迫下的效果更佳。研究发现,腐植酸可以通过调控燕麦叶片NSC的代谢来响应干旱胁迫,降低叶片细胞渗透势,有效缓解干旱胁迫造成的损伤,增强植株耐旱性。     

兰科菌根真菌对干旱胁迫下铁皮石斛生长和抗氧化能力及相关基因表达的影响

利用盆栽的方式研究了干旱胁迫下接种兰科菌根真菌(OM)对铁皮石斛生长的影响,并分析了铁皮石斛叶片相对含水量、游离脯氨酸含量、电解质渗透率、丙二醛(MDA)含量、活性氧成分、抗氧化酶活性变化,用定量PCR技术分析了相关抗氧化酶基因的表达特性,以探讨菌根真菌对铁皮石斛干旱胁迫的缓解作用及其机制。结果表明：(1)与正常水分条件相比,干旱胁迫显著降低了铁皮石斛幼苗的生物量和叶片相对含水量,提高了叶片电解质渗透率、脯氨酸含量、MDA含量、O-·2产生速率和H2O2水平。(2)菌根真菌能显著提高干旱胁迫下铁皮石斛叶片相对含水量,降低叶片电解质渗透率、脯氨酸含量、MDA含量、O-·2产生速率和H2O2水平;在不同水分条件下,菌根真菌均能有效促进铁皮石斛幼苗生长,其株高、根重、茎叶重和总生物量均大于未接种组。(3)菌根真菌可诱导干旱胁迫下铁皮石斛超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、过氧化物酶(POD)和过氧化氢酶(CAT)基因的表达,提高SOD、POD和CAT的活性,有效缓解干旱胁迫对质膜的过氧化伤害。研究认为,菌根真菌能提高干旱胁迫下铁皮石斛的抗氧化酶活性及其相关基因表达水平,增强铁皮石斛抗氧化防御能力,有效缓解干旱胁迫对铁皮石斛幼苗生长的抑制。     

干旱胁迫下喷施黄腐酸对燕麦光合及其抗氧化酶活性的影响

为了揭示黄腐酸对干旱胁迫下燕麦光合及其抗氧化酶活性的影响机理,该研究选用燕麦品种‘燕科2号’为材料,采用盆栽试验,以正常供水(田间持水量的75%)为对照(CK),设干旱胁迫处理(田间持水量的45%,D0)、D0 + 喷施不同浓度黄腐酸(0、200、400、600、800、1 000 mg/L)处理(D1~D5),测定各处理燕麦干鲜重、光合性能及其抗氧化酶活性。结果表明:(1)与CK相比,干旱胁迫下燕麦幼苗地上部鲜重和干重、叶片光合色素含量、净光合速率(P_n)、蒸腾速率(T_r)、气孔导度(G_s)均显著降低,并导致叶片F_v/F_m、qP、ETR和Φ_PSⅡ显著下降,使叶片抗氧化酶 SOD、POD、CAT活性分别显著提高25.68%、19.98%和7.29%。(2)与D0相比,D0 +喷施600 mg/L黄腐酸后,燕麦幼苗地上部鲜重和干重分别显著提高了28.59%和39.13%,叶片叶绿素a、叶绿素a+b、类胡萝卜素和P_n、G_s、T_r及F_v/F_m、Φ_PSⅡ、ETR分别显著增加了25.17%、21.03%、47.37%和74.38%、26.47%、43.34%及6.49%、69.57%、70.71%,C_i和F_o、NPQ分别显著降低了19.52%和13.32%、43.75%。(3)干旱胁迫下喷施不同浓度的黄腐酸均使幼苗叶片中SOD、POD、CAT活性较D0处理显著增加,其中喷施600 mg/L黄腐酸的叶片SOD、POD、CAT活性最高,分别较D0处理显著增加了12.19%、76.57%和55.26%。研究认为,叶面喷施适宜浓度黄腐酸能够显著提高干旱胁迫下燕麦幼苗的光合作用及其抗氧化能力,缓解干旱对燕麦幼苗的伤害,进而促进燕麦幼苗的生长,且以叶面喷施600 mg/L黄腐酸效果最佳。     

NaHCO3胁迫对三色堇生长及抗逆生理特性的影响

以三色堇实生苗为材料,设置不同浓度的NaHCO₃［0(CK)、25、50、100、150和200 mmol·L^-1］处理,在胁迫后第7天和第14天分别测定各处理幼苗叶片的渗透调节物质含量、抗氧化酶活性、叶绿素含量、丙二醛(MDA)含量以及株高生长量,探讨三色堇对NaHCO₃胁迫的生理响应机制。结果表明：(1)三色堇株高生长量在NaHCO₃浓度小于等于50 mmol·L^-1时较CK显著增加,在100 mmol·L^-1时与CK相近,在大于100 mmol·L^-1时较CK显著降低。(2)各浓度处理三色堇叶片可溶性糖(SS)、可溶性蛋白(SP)、游离脯氨酸(Pro)含量在胁迫第7天均显著高于CK;而胁迫第14天时,各浓度处理的SS含量、50 mmol·L^-1处理的SP含量以及150、200 mmol·L^-1处理的Pro含量仍显著高于CK。(3)胁迫第7天时,三色堇叶片超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性在各胁迫浓度下较CK均显著增强,但其过氧化物酶(POD)、过氧化氢酶(CAT)活性均无显著变化;胁迫第14天时,各浓度处理的CAT活性、50 mmol·L^-1处理的POD活性以及100、150 mmol·L^-1处理的SOD活性均显著高于相应CK。(4)在NaHCO₃胁迫过程中,三色堇叶片MDA含量均随着胁迫浓度增加而逐渐增加,且均显著高于CK。(5)三色堇叶片的叶绿素含量在胁迫第7天时均无显著变化,胁迫第14天时也仅在150或者200 mmol·L^-1处理下较CK显著降低。研究发现,三色堇植株能耐受小于等于100 mmol·L^-1NaHCO₃胁迫,NaHCO₃对株高生长有低浓度促进、高浓度抑制的剂量效应;三色堇在NaHCO₃胁迫期间能够通过增加渗透调节物质含量、增强抗氧化酶活性来缓解胁迫诱导的过氧化伤害,一定程度上提高了幼苗的耐受能力。     

干旱胁迫对玉米苗期叶片光合作用和保护酶的影响

以玉米品种郑单958(抗旱性强)和陕单902(抗旱性弱)为材料,采用盆栽控水试验,设置3个干旱处理(轻度干旱,中度干旱,重度干旱)和正常灌水,研究了干旱胁迫对玉米苗期叶片光合速率、叶绿素荧光以及相关生理指标的影响。结果表明:(1)干旱胁迫下2个品种叶片净光合速率(P_n)和气孔导度(G_s)显著下降,胞间CO₂浓度(C_i)出现了先下降后上升,而气孔限制值(L_s)上升后下降,说明中度干旱胁迫下叶片P_n下降是气孔因素引起的,重度干旱胁迫下P_n降低主要由非气孔因素引起的。(2)随着干旱胁迫的加剧,2个品种叶片光系统Ⅱ(PSⅡ)的实际量子产量(φPSⅡ)、电子传递速率(ETR)和光化学猝灭(qP)一直下降,而非光化学猝灭(qN)上升后下降,说明中度干旱下热耗散仍是植株重要光保护机制,重度干旱时叶片光合电子传递受阻,PSⅡ受到损伤。(3)干旱胁迫下2个品种叶片的超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、过氧化物酶(POD)、过氧化氢酶(CAT)活性先升高后降低,而丙二醛(MDA)含量一直升高,说明干旱胁迫初期对保护系统酶活性升高有诱导作用,重度胁迫下活性氧清除酶的活性下降,导致细胞膜伤害。这些结果暗示,轻度和中度干旱胁迫下2个玉米品种通过减少光捕获、热耗散和酶活性调节协同作用稳定了光合机构功能,是P_n下降的气孔限制因素;而重度干旱胁迫下光系统Ⅱ和抗氧化酶系统损伤,是P_n下降的非气孔限制因素;郑单958的各生理参数比陕单902受旱影响小,干旱胁迫下仍具有较高的光合效率和较强的保护酶活性是郑单958抗旱的主要生理原因。     

干旱胁迫对燕麦生长及叶片光系统Ⅱ活性的影响

以‘燕科2号’燕麦品种为试验材料,采用盆栽控水的方式分别设置正常供水(75%田间持水量)、中度干旱胁迫(60%田间持水量)、重度干旱胁迫(45%田间持水量)3个水分处理,利用叶绿素荧光技术研究了不同水分梯度下燕麦生长和叶片光反应系统Ⅱ(PSⅡ)功能的变化,探讨干旱胁迫对燕麦叶片光合性能的影响。结果表明：(1)干旱胁迫导致燕麦株高变矮,叶片数、主茎数、穗数减少,叶片失绿发黄及籽粒产量显著下降。(2)与正常供水相比,重度干旱胁迫下燕麦叶片最大光化学效率(F_v/F_m)和光合性能指数(PI_ABS)显著降低。(3)重度干旱胁迫导致燕麦叶片单位反应中心吸收的光能(ABS/RC)和单位反应中心耗散掉的能量(DI₀/RC)明显下降,单位反应中心用于电子传递的能量(ET₀/RC)和单位反应中心捕获的光能(TR₀/RC)明显升高;有活性反应中心的开放程度(Ψ₀)和电子传递链的量子产额(φ_E0)明显下降、非光化学淬灭最大量子产额(φ_D0)明显升高,V_J、V_K、V_L 3个位点的相对荧光强度明显升高,OJIP曲线初始斜率M_o明显升高。研究发现,燕麦叶片PSⅡ对中度干旱胁迫具有较强的适应能力,而重度干旱胁迫严重伤害其叶片PSⅡ反应中心,导致其反应中心能流分配失衡,电子传递受阻和PSⅡ稳固性减弱,进而影响燕麦光合作用,最终导致燕麦生长受到抑制。     

结瘤因子和苏芸金菌素对干旱胁迫下燕麦产量及其保护酶活性的影响

结瘤因子(LCO)和苏芸金菌素(TH17)在逆境环境下对作物生长具有重要调节作用。该试验在盆栽条件下,以‘坝莜3号’燕麦品种为材料,分别在苗期、拔节期和抽穗期进行干旱胁迫并叶面喷施浓度为0.01 μmol/L的LCO和TH17,比较燕麦产量、叶片渗透调节物质和几种保护酶活性的变化情况。结果显示:(1)与喷施清水对照（CK）相比,正常水分条件下喷施LCO和TH17能促进燕麦生长,提高产量;在干旱胁迫下(SS)喷施LCO和TH17能减轻燕麦株高、穗长、穗粒数、生物产量、单株粒重以及干物质积累速率的降低幅度,且在苗期喷施LCO和TH17燕麦单穗粒重增加幅度最高,分别较干旱胁迫对照（SS_CK）提高61.25%和65.00%。(2)干旱胁迫下,LCO和TH17使游离脯氨酸含量增加最多的时期是拔节期,分别较SS_CK增加27.19%和41.00%;可溶性总糖在抽穗期提高幅度最大,分别较SS_CK高61.43%和112.54%;可溶性蛋白在苗期提高幅度最大,且分别较SS_CK提高9.58%和13.80%。(3)干旱胁迫下,LCO和TH17使SOD和POD活性增加幅度最大的时期均是抽穗期,CAT活性则是在拔节期增加幅度最大。(4)干旱胁迫下,在苗期LCO和TH17使燕麦叶片相对电导率和MDA含量降低幅度最大,分别较SS_CK降低17.61%、36.67%和43.43%、30.28%。研究表明,在苗期喷施LCO和TH17使燕麦产量提高幅度最高;干旱条件下,不同时期喷施LCO和TH17能提高燕麦自身渗透调节能力、抗氧化保护酶活性和增强细胞膜的稳定性,从而使其更好地适应干旱条件。     

外源SNP对干旱胁迫下不同马铃薯品种叶片抗氧化酶活性的影响

以正常水分状态、轻度干旱胁迫、中度干旱胁迫和重度干旱胁迫下的马铃薯抗旱品种‘底西瑞’和干旱敏感品种‘大西洋’ 植株为材料,于现蕾期采用0（对照）和0.01 mmol·L^-1 SNP分别喷施各处理植株,对不同处理下2个品种的植株形态、叶片超氧阴离子和H₂O₂含量以及抗氧化酶活性进行比较分析,探讨外源SNP对干旱状态下马铃薯的生理应答机制,为马铃薯的抗旱栽培提供新的技术理论支持。结果显示：（1）SNP喷施对重度水分胁迫下马铃薯植株的正常生长具有一定的保护作用。（2）在干旱胁迫条件下,马铃薯叶片POD活性在品种‘底西瑞’中增加而在品种‘大西洋’中降低,超氧阴离子含量和H₂O₂含量以及CAT和APX活性在各品种中均增加,但超氧阴离子含量和H₂O₂含量增加程度与胁迫程度无关。（3）抗旱品种‘底西瑞’在干旱胁迫下的超氧阴离子含量低于干旱敏感品种‘大西洋’,而其POD、CAT和APX活性则高于‘大西洋’; 0.01 mmol·L^-1SNP处理未改变马铃薯叶片中超氧阴离子和H₂O₂含量随土壤水分的变化趋势,但改变了‘大西洋’叶片中SOD、POD、CAT活性以及‘底西瑞’叶片中APX活性的变化趋势。（4）外源喷施0.01 mmol·L^-1SNP降低了‘底西瑞’在中度和重度胁迫下以及‘大西洋’在轻度和中度胁迫下超氧阴离子含量,提高了干旱胁迫下‘底西瑞’和‘大西洋’的POD和APX活性。研究表明,POD、CAT和APX可作为马铃薯水分胁迫下的应答以及品种抗旱性的筛选指标,外源SNP可通过诱导增强干旱胁迫下马铃薯的抗氧化酶活性来提高其抗旱性。     

盐与碱胁迫对燕麦离子平衡和有机酸含量的影响

以燕麦品种‘白燕2号’为材料,试验分别设置0、50、100、150、200 mmol/L盐胁迫(NaCl∶Na₂SO₄=5∶1)和碱胁迫(NaHCO₃∶Na₂CO₃=5∶1)处理的温室内盆栽试验,观测燕麦植株生长速率、植株含水率、叶片离子含量及叶片各类有机酸含量,分析不同盐胁迫、碱胁迫对燕麦离子平衡的影响,并比较燕麦对两类胁迫的适应性差异。结果显示：(1)燕麦植株生长速率和植株含水率在低浓度(50和100 mmol/L)盐胁迫下均升高,而高浓度(150和200 mmol/L)盐胁迫下则降低;燕麦植株生长速率和植株含水率均随碱胁迫浓度增加而降低;在相同胁迫浓度下,碱胁迫对植株生长率、植株含水率的影响大于盐胁迫。(2)燕麦叶片K⁺、Ca²⁺、Mg²⁺、H₃PO^-₄、NO^-₃ 含量均随盐、碱浓度升高而降低,而Na⁺、Cl^-、SO^2-₄含量在盐、碱胁迫下均大幅上升;200 mmol/L盐、碱胁迫下,Na⁺ 含量分别较对照增加367.15%和518.41%,Cl^- 含量分别较对照增加785.07%和52.59%,SO^2-₄ 分别较对照增加142.01%和52.86%。(3)200 mmol/L盐、碱胁迫下,有机酸分别较对照增加74.52%和1 232.34%;碱胁迫及高浓度盐胁迫下燕麦叶片的柠檬酸、乌头酸、琥珀酸和苹果酸含量均高于对照,且乌头酸是燕麦响应盐胁迫、碱胁迫的主要有机酸成分,柠檬酸和琥珀酸略有变化,而甲酸、乙酸、乳酸、苹果酸、草酸含量均相对较低。研究表明,碱胁迫对燕麦植株生长速率、植株含水率、叶片离子含量及叶片各类有机酸含量的影响大于盐胁迫;盐胁迫与碱胁迫均引起燕麦叶片阳离子(Na⁺)大量积累,而K⁺、Ca²⁺、Mg²⁺、H₃PO^-₄及NO^-₃吸收受阻;燕麦叶片在盐胁迫下主要通过积累Cl^-调节叶片离子平衡,而碱胁迫下主要通过积累有机酸来调节离子平衡;有机酸是燕麦叶片响应碱胁迫的特异代谢物,其中乌头酸是其有机酸的主要成分。     

A Unique Protease Cleavage Site Predicted in the Spike Protein of the Novel Pneumonia Coronavirus (2019-nCoV) Potentially Related to Viral Transmissibility

正Dear Editor,In December 2019, a novel human coronavirus caused an epidemic of severe pneumonia(Coronavirus Disease 2019,COVID-19) in Wuhan, Hubei, China(Wu et al. 2020; Zhu et al. 2020). So far, this virus has spread to all areas of China and even to other countries. The epidemic has caused 67,102 confirmed infections with 1526 fatal cases     

Curcuminoids as inhibitors of thioredoxin reductase: A receptor based pharmacophore study with distance mapping of the active site

Curcumin is the yellow pigment of turmeric that interacts irreversibly forming an adduct with thioredoxin reductase (TrxR), an enzyme responsible for redox control of cell and defence against oxidative stress. Docking at both the active sites of TrxR was performed to compare the potency of three naturally occurring curcuminoids, namely curcumin, demethoxy curcumin and bis-demethoxy curcumin. Results show that active sites of TrxR occur at the junction of E and F chains. Volume and area of both cavities is predicted. It has been concluded by distance mapping of the most active conformations that Se atom of catalytic residue SeCYS498, is at a distance of 3.56 from C13 of demethoxy curcumin at the E chain active site, whereas C13 carbon atom forms adduct with Se atom of SeCys 498. We report that at least one methoxy group in curcuminoids is necessary for interation with catalytic residues of thioredoxin. Pharmacophore of both active sites of the TrxR receptor for curcumin and demethoxy curcumin molecules has been drawn and proposed for design and synthesis of most probable potent antiproliferative synthetic drugs.     

Comparative morphology of the carpel in the Liliaceae: Hewardieae, Petrosavieae, and Tricyrteae

The young pistils in the melanthioid tribes, Hewardieae, Petrosavieae and Tricyrteae, are uniformly tricarpellate and syncarpous. They lack raphide idioblasts. All are multiovulate, with bitegmic ovules. The Petrosavieae are marked by the presence of septal glands and incomplete syncarpy. Tepals and stamens adhere to the ovary in the Hewardieae and the Petrosavieae but not in the Tricyrteae. Two vascular bundles occur in the stamens of the Hewartlieae and Tricyrtis latifolia. Ventral bundles in the upper part of the ovary of the Hewardieae are continuous with compound septal bundles and placental bundles in the lower part. Putative ventral bundles occur in the alternate position in the Tricyrteae and putative placental bundles in the opposite. position in the Petrosavieae. The dichtomously branched stigma in each carpel of the Tricyrteae is supplied by a bifurcated dorsal bundle.     

Enterovirus 71 3C proteolytically processes the histone H3 N-terminal tail during infection

Highlights
1. The N-terminal tail of histone H3 is specifically cleaved during EV71 infection.
2. Viral protease 3C is identified as a protease responsible for proteolytically processing the N-terminal H3 tail.
3. Our finding reveals a new epigenetic regulatory mechanism for Enterovirus 71 in virus-host interactions.     

Detection of EBV and HHV6 in the Brain Tissue of Patients with Rasmussen’s Encephalitis

Rasmussen’s encephalitis (RE) is a rare pediatric neurological disorder, and the exact etiology is not clear. Viral infection may be involved in the pathogenesis of RE, but conflicting results have reported. In this study, we evaluated the expression of both Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) and human herpes virus (HHV) 6 antigens in brain sections from 30 patients with RE and 16 control individuals by immunohistochemistry. In the RE group, EBV and HHV6 antigens were detected in 56.7% (17/30) and 50% (15/30) of individuals, respectively. In contrast, no detectable EBV and HHV6 antigen expression was found in brain tissues of the control group. The co-expression of EBV and HHV6 was detected in 20.0% (6/30) of individuals. In particular, a 4-year-old boy had a typical clinical course, including a medical history of viral encephalitis, intractable epilepsy, and hemispheric atrophy. The co-expression of EBV and HHV6 was detected in neurons and astrocytes in the brain tissue, accompanied by a high frequency of CD8⁺ T cells. Our results suggest that EBV and HHV6 infection and the activation of CD8⁺ T cells are involved in the pathogenesis of RE.     

Perinatal Vertical Transmission of Chikungunya Virus in Ruili,a Town on the Border between China and Myanmar

正Dear Editor,Chikungunya virus (CHIKV), an arbovirus in the family of Togaviridae, genus Alphavirus, is transmitted by the A.aegyptii or A. albopictus mosquito, and causes disease in humans characterized by fever, rash, and arthralgia (Silva and Dermody 2017; Suhrbier 2019). It was first reported in 1953 in Tanzania, and caused only a few outbreaks and sporadic cases in Africa and Asia in last century. However, in the epidemic in 2004, CHIKV acquired mutations that conferred enhanced transmission by the A. albopictus mosquito(Schuffenecker et al. 2006). Since then, it has successively caused outbreaks in Africa, the Indian Ocean, South East Asia, the South America, and Europe (Zeller et al. 2016).     

Development of a Novel Reverse Transcription Loop-Mediated Isothermal Amplification Method for Rapid Detection of SARS-CoV-2

In conclusion, the novel visual RT-LAMP assay is a simple, rapid, and sensitive approach for detection of SARS-CoV-2, and it is ready for application in primary care and community hospitals or health care centers, and even patients' own houses in response to the current SARS-CoV-2 epidemic because the assay does not require sophisticated equipment and skilled personnel. Furthermore, it is also ready to be used in fields for screening samples from wild animals and environments to facilitate the identification of potential intermediate hosts that mediate the cross-species transmission of SARS-CoV-2 from bats to humans.