着眼于基本能力培养的“微生物学实验”教学改革实践

"微生物学实验"是高校生物类专业本科生的必修基础课。以该课程传统教学方法中普遍存在的教学效果欠佳、学生基本技能掌握不牢等问题为出发点,拟把夯实基础、注重基本能力培养的分阶段教学策略应用于微生物学实验教学改革中。具体措施:学生课前预习微课操作视频、课内实践操作和课外参加各类创新实践相结合,通过该方式培养和提升学生的创新能力和应用能力。改革方案实施后,通过基础理论知识和实验操作技能考核及问卷调查对教学效果进行评价。结果表明,该教学方式的改进能通过激发学生的学习积极性和主动性,进而达到切实巩固和提高学生基本实验技能、促进学生基础知识积累的效果,同时也培养了学生的创新能力和实践应用能力。     

项目式“微生物学实验”教学模式的构建与实践

微生物学实验是生物类各专业的一门重要的专业基础课程,微生物学实验技术是学生认识微生物、改造微生物和利用微生物的重要方法。课程组结合优质教学资源,以及先进仪器设备和网络技术的助力加持,构建了项目式"微生物学实验"教学模式。通过项目实验的科学设计、实施和评价,对实验教学进行了一系列的改革实践与探索,提高了实验教学效果和效率,使学生对微生物学研究有了更系统的认识,对培养学生的综合实践能力和科学研究思维起到了积极有效的促进作用。     

“同伴教学法”在“微生物学实验”混合式教学中的应用

1984年,哈佛大学教授埃里克·马祖尔(Eric Mazur)在物理学教学实践中创立了"同伴教学法(peer-instruction,PI)",PI引导学生主动探究、互相学习,获得良好的教学效果。21世纪,信息技术和生命科学的飞速发展,使得生命科学的实验教学走向网络平台。在"微生物学实验"的混合式教学中,应用"同伴教学法"让学生在实验原理掌握、实验操作技术、实验结果分析和作业互评等学习过程中始终保持在教授给他人的状态,即两周后知识技能的保持率稳定在90%。对比"同伴教学法"班级和未实施"同伴教学法"班级,发现各种成绩的统计中,实施了"同伴教学法"的班级都显著提升。因此,在实验课程的教学中"同伴教学法"是值得深度研究和推广的高效教学方法。     

应用型专业《微生物学实验》教学模式改革及实践

《微生物学实验》是生物、食品、农业、环保及制药类专业的必修基础课。该课程的开展对提高学生的动手能力和应用技术能力至关重要。但是,《微生物学实验》所采用的传统教学方法无法满足应用型技术人才的培养需求。本文在分析当前《微生物学实验》教学中存在的不足,结合生物工程专业的特点,有针对性地从《微生物学实验》课程的授课体系、实验顺序、师资队伍、数字课程建设以及考核方式等提出了相对应的改革思路和完善措施。该课程的改革充分发挥了专业基础课程在应用型人才培养中的作用,达到了提高学生动手能力和应用技术能力的目的,为解决当前应用型人才供需矛盾提供了有效路径。     

医学院校食品微生物学的教学改革探索与实践

本项目拟采取"对分课堂"教学法,在"食品微生物学"课程教学中进行教学改革探索和实践,旨在分析该方法在医学院校的"食品质量与安全专业"课程上的适用性。结果表明该方法提高了学生的学习积极性、提问能力、思考探索能力、表达交流能力,同时锻炼了教师的组织能力、重难点把控能力、讲演能力以及评价能力,改善了学生之间、师生之间的关系。对分教学法简单高效,能提高教学质量,促进教学相长,有利于学生和教师双方综合能力的提高,值得推广。     

创建多层次微生物学实验教学体系培养科研创新型人才

"微生物学"课程是高等教育生命科学教学中一门重要的基础课程。微生物学实验作为独立于微生物学理论课的基础实验课,对学生基本实验技能的培养和综合素质的提高,培养学生探索精神、创新意识和创新能力方面起着至关重要的作用。南开大学微生物学教学实验室依托"微生物学"国家重点学科、"教育部分子微生物学重点实验室"和"国家级生物实验教学示范中心",建立了多级别分层次的微生物学实验教学体系;确立了由基础性实验、综合性实验、创新性实验相结合的实验内容;同时充分利用本校教学科研资源优势,为学生搭建了多级别的科研创新训练实践平台,着重培养学生的科研素质、创新意识和创新能力,在微生物学科研创新型人才的培养中发挥了重要的作用。     

体验式教学法在教学实践中的应用研究

体验式教学法是近年来倡导的一种教学方法,强调师生互动,学生作为课堂主体参与课堂,通过情感体验学习新的知识,提高学习效率,培养学生的动力能力和创新能力。本文介绍了体验式教学法的实施策略和操作流程,以及实践应用中的注意事项。     

微视频资源在微生物学实验教学中的应用

微生物学实验是生物类各专业的一门基础课程,该课程对学生基础操作技能的提高和创新能力的培养至关重要。针对传统教学模式中存在的问题,本文结合微视频直观生动、短小精炼的特点,制备基本操作微视频、课件微视频及学生实验微视频3类教学资源。通过与其他教学手段和考评方法相结合,实现了微视频资源在实验教学环节中的有效应用,该教学模式激发了学生的学习兴趣和自学潜能,提升了课堂教学效果和学生的实践创新能力。     

地方院校生物类专业微生物学课程体系的改革与建设

微生物学是生物类专业重要的一门核心课程,也是培养生物领域高级技术人员必修的一门课程。从教材建设、教学内容优化、教学方法和手段的改进、课程网站建设、开放式创新性自主实验构建及课程考核等方面介绍了微生物学课程的系列探索与实践。通过课程体系的改革与建设,促进了地方院校生物类专业微生物教学质量和教学水平的提高。     

思维导图在微生物学教学中的应用实践

在现行多媒体课堂教学的基础上引入思维导图,提出了地方师范院校微生物学课程教学的可视化思维新策略。本文具体实践应用了微生物学教学过程中的教学设计、导入新课、板书设计、课堂笔记、复习总结、教学评价等6个关键教学环节,指出思维导图不仅能够提高教师的教学效果,也能够提高学生的学习效率,同时也是一种能够促进学生学习积极性和主动性、激发学生的联想与创意、让学生形成系统的学习和思维习惯、实现"以学生为中心"的教学方法。     

A Unique Protease Cleavage Site Predicted in the Spike Protein of the Novel Pneumonia Coronavirus (2019-nCoV) Potentially Related to Viral Transmissibility

正Dear Editor,In December 2019, a novel human coronavirus caused an epidemic of severe pneumonia(Coronavirus Disease 2019,COVID-19) in Wuhan, Hubei, China(Wu et al. 2020; Zhu et al. 2020). So far, this virus has spread to all areas of China and even to other countries. The epidemic has caused 67,102 confirmed infections with 1526 fatal cases     

Curcuminoids as inhibitors of thioredoxin reductase: A receptor based pharmacophore study with distance mapping of the active site

Curcumin is the yellow pigment of turmeric that interacts irreversibly forming an adduct with thioredoxin reductase (TrxR), an enzyme responsible for redox control of cell and defence against oxidative stress. Docking at both the active sites of TrxR was performed to compare the potency of three naturally occurring curcuminoids, namely curcumin, demethoxy curcumin and bis-demethoxy curcumin. Results show that active sites of TrxR occur at the junction of E and F chains. Volume and area of both cavities is predicted. It has been concluded by distance mapping of the most active conformations that Se atom of catalytic residue SeCYS498, is at a distance of 3.56 from C13 of demethoxy curcumin at the E chain active site, whereas C13 carbon atom forms adduct with Se atom of SeCys 498. We report that at least one methoxy group in curcuminoids is necessary for interation with catalytic residues of thioredoxin. Pharmacophore of both active sites of the TrxR receptor for curcumin and demethoxy curcumin molecules has been drawn and proposed for design and synthesis of most probable potent antiproliferative synthetic drugs.     

Comparative morphology of the carpel in the Liliaceae: Hewardieae, Petrosavieae, and Tricyrteae

The young pistils in the melanthioid tribes, Hewardieae, Petrosavieae and Tricyrteae, are uniformly tricarpellate and syncarpous. They lack raphide idioblasts. All are multiovulate, with bitegmic ovules. The Petrosavieae are marked by the presence of septal glands and incomplete syncarpy. Tepals and stamens adhere to the ovary in the Hewardieae and the Petrosavieae but not in the Tricyrteae. Two vascular bundles occur in the stamens of the Hewartlieae and Tricyrtis latifolia. Ventral bundles in the upper part of the ovary of the Hewardieae are continuous with compound septal bundles and placental bundles in the lower part. Putative ventral bundles occur in the alternate position in the Tricyrteae and putative placental bundles in the opposite. position in the Petrosavieae. The dichtomously branched stigma in each carpel of the Tricyrteae is supplied by a bifurcated dorsal bundle.     

Enterovirus 71 3C proteolytically processes the histone H3 N-terminal tail during infection

Highlights
1. The N-terminal tail of histone H3 is specifically cleaved during EV71 infection.
2. Viral protease 3C is identified as a protease responsible for proteolytically processing the N-terminal H3 tail.
3. Our finding reveals a new epigenetic regulatory mechanism for Enterovirus 71 in virus-host interactions.     

Detection of EBV and HHV6 in the Brain Tissue of Patients with Rasmussen’s Encephalitis

Rasmussen’s encephalitis (RE) is a rare pediatric neurological disorder, and the exact etiology is not clear. Viral infection may be involved in the pathogenesis of RE, but conflicting results have reported. In this study, we evaluated the expression of both Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) and human herpes virus (HHV) 6 antigens in brain sections from 30 patients with RE and 16 control individuals by immunohistochemistry. In the RE group, EBV and HHV6 antigens were detected in 56.7% (17/30) and 50% (15/30) of individuals, respectively. In contrast, no detectable EBV and HHV6 antigen expression was found in brain tissues of the control group. The co-expression of EBV and HHV6 was detected in 20.0% (6/30) of individuals. In particular, a 4-year-old boy had a typical clinical course, including a medical history of viral encephalitis, intractable epilepsy, and hemispheric atrophy. The co-expression of EBV and HHV6 was detected in neurons and astrocytes in the brain tissue, accompanied by a high frequency of CD8⁺ T cells. Our results suggest that EBV and HHV6 infection and the activation of CD8⁺ T cells are involved in the pathogenesis of RE.     

Perinatal Vertical Transmission of Chikungunya Virus in Ruili,a Town on the Border between China and Myanmar

正Dear Editor,Chikungunya virus (CHIKV), an arbovirus in the family of Togaviridae, genus Alphavirus, is transmitted by the A.aegyptii or A. albopictus mosquito, and causes disease in humans characterized by fever, rash, and arthralgia (Silva and Dermody 2017; Suhrbier 2019). It was first reported in 1953 in Tanzania, and caused only a few outbreaks and sporadic cases in Africa and Asia in last century. However, in the epidemic in 2004, CHIKV acquired mutations that conferred enhanced transmission by the A. albopictus mosquito(Schuffenecker et al. 2006). Since then, it has successively caused outbreaks in Africa, the Indian Ocean, South East Asia, the South America, and Europe (Zeller et al. 2016).     

Development of a Novel Reverse Transcription Loop-Mediated Isothermal Amplification Method for Rapid Detection of SARS-CoV-2

In conclusion, the novel visual RT-LAMP assay is a simple, rapid, and sensitive approach for detection of SARS-CoV-2, and it is ready for application in primary care and community hospitals or health care centers, and even patients' own houses in response to the current SARS-CoV-2 epidemic because the assay does not require sophisticated equipment and skilled personnel. Furthermore, it is also ready to be used in fields for screening samples from wild animals and environments to facilitate the identification of potential intermediate hosts that mediate the cross-species transmission of SARS-CoV-2 from bats to humans.