光果甘草与乌拉尔甘草清除活性氧能力的比较

采用化学发光法测定了光果甘草（Glycyrrhiza glabra L.）与乌拉尔甘草（G.uralensis Fisch.）中总黄酮和总皂甙对3种重要活性氧（O2^-、OH和H2O2）的清除能力,其中光果甘草对活性氧的清除能力超过乌拉尔甘草;黄酮类化合物对3种活性氧的清除能力强于皂甙类化合物。因此,若以清除活性氧为应用目标,应尽量使用光果甘草。     

甘草种皮表面微形态特征及其分类意义初探

甘草是重要的资源植物。我国甘草属植物有:乌拉尔甘草(G. uralensis Fisch.)、光果甘草(G. glabra L.)、胀果甘草(G. inflata Bat.)、黄甘草(G. eurycarpa P. C. Li)、粗毛甘草(G. aspera Bat.)、云南甘草(G. yunnanensis Cheng f. et L. K. Tai ex P. C. Li)、刺果甘草(G. pallidiflora Maxim.)和圆果甘草(G. squamulosa Franch.)。甘草的种子大小相似,均为3.0—4.0mm,但形状和颜色差异较大,其中乌拉尔甘草、光果甘     

3种甘草属植物的核型研究

用光学显微镜观察了豆科（Leguminosae）甘草属（Glycyrrhiza）3种荒漠植物的染色体,研究结果表明,3种植物的体细胞染色体数目2n=16,核型公式分别为：刺果甘草（G.pallidiflara）k(2n)=2x=16=4M+8m+4sm,光果甘草（G.glabra）k(2n)=2x=16=10M+6m,胀果某草（G.inflata）k(2n)=2x=16=6M+6m+4sm。     

苄基四氢异喹啉类生物碱的微生物转化

苄基四氢异喹啉类生物碱广泛分布于木兰科、防己科、番荔枝科、罂粟科、芸香科、樟科、小檗科等植物中,具有抗肿瘤、镇痛、止咳、降压、抗菌、抗炎、免疫抑制等多种生理活性,吗啡、罗通定、可待因、青藤碱、罂粟碱等多种药物已应用于临床。鉴于其广泛的临床应用,苄基四氢异喹啉类生物碱的结构修饰成为研究的热点,微生物转化由于效率高、手性及立体选择性强、反应条件温和、成本低、反应过程绿色环保等特点,在天然产物的结构修饰中应用越来越广泛。本文综述了微生物转化在苄基四氢异喹啉类生物碱结构修饰中的应用,为更深入的研究苄基四氢异喹啉类生物碱提供一定的依据。     

双苄基异喹啉类生物碱在植物界的分布及生理活性研究概况

本文就１９８２年至１９９４年来双苄基异喹啉类生物碱（ＢＢＩ）在植物资源,化学成分,生理活性等方面的研究作一简要概述。     

木防己属植物中生物碱成分的研究概况

本文对木防己属植物中发现的吗啡碱类、阿扑菲碱类、苯甲基异喹啉碱类、异喹啉酮类、原小蘖碱类、刺桐碱烷类及其它结构类型共90余个生物碱成分进行了简要综述,同时探讨了它们在该属植物中的分布、生物活性、结构类型及其民间医疗用途。     

新疆甘草属(Glycyrrhiza) 的生态分布及其经济利用

 新疆分布的甘草属植物共五种：甘草(Clycyrrhiza uralensis)、光果甘草(G．glabra)、粗毛甘草(G. aspera)、胀果甘草(G．inflata)、科氏甘草(G．korshinskyi)。出现于新疆88％的县市,各大河流沿岸、泉水溢出带及冲积平原。在区系上与中亚关系密切。空气干燥度、年平均温度及土壤盐碱含量对不同种甘草的分布都有影响。甘草虽然在南、北、东疆都有分布,但以北疆为主。甘草分布地区的大气干燥度从1.37—237.3,而以3—6最佳;年均温度为0.4—14℃,而以4—8℃为最适宜。甘草常与苦豆子(Sophora alopecuroides)、芨芨草(Achnatherum splendens)、芦苇(Phragmites communis)、大叶白麻(Poacynum hendersonii)等组成群落。光果甘草可与灰杨(Populus pruinosa)、柽柳(Tamarix chinensis)、假苇拂子茅(Calamagrostis Pseudophragmites)等组成群落。胀果甘草常与不同比例的胡杨(Populus diversifolia)、铃铛刺(Halimodendron halodendron)、柽柳、芦苇、大叶白麻、骆驼刺(Alhagi pseudalhagi)、花花柴(Karelinia caspica)等组成群落。粗毛甘草多为田间、果园及路旁荒地杂草。为了保持甘草资源的持续利用并充分发挥其效益,应建立合理的挖采制度,建立甘草生产基地,并开展甘草的综合利用研究。     

红凤菜新鲜茎叶中总黄酮提取物的LC-MS分析

红凤菜（Gynura bicolor DC.）为菊科（Compositae）菊三七属（Gynura Cass.）植物,别名血皮菜、观音菜、观音苋、紫背天葵等,主要分布于中国南方各地,全草均可入药[1];也可作为蔬菜食用,在国内多个地区均有栽培和销售。目前已知红凤菜含有黄酮类、酚性酸类、萜类、甾醇类、脂肪酸类、生物碱类及花青素类等[2-7]成分。由于黄酮类成分多具有保护心血管、抗肿瘤、抗糖尿病、抗氧化、抗炎和抗病毒等作用[8],因此对红凤菜中黄酮类成分的研究具有深度开发价值。     

甘草属种间杂交种叶绿体DNA父系遗传的发现及分析

通过对甘草属乌拉尔甘草(Glycyrrhiza uralensis)、光果甘草(G.glabra)、胀果甘草(G.inflata)及其人工杂交种组合G.uralensis♀×G.glabra♂、G.glabra♀×G.uralensis♂、G.uralensis♀×G.inflata♂、G.inflata♀×G.uralensis♂共68份材料的核基因ITS序列、叶绿体rbc L、mat K、trn H-psb A基因的序列分析,探讨了甘草属叶绿体DNA遗传方式。结果表明:(1)亲本种和人工杂交种ITS序列长度均为614 bp,其中34份人工杂交种ITS序列存在4处变异位点,且人工杂交种均检测出来自父本、母本ITS序列相同位点碱基的叠加,检测率为100%。(2)亲本种与人工杂交种的叶绿体基因rbc L、mat K、trn H-psb A序列长度相同,共有4处变异位点,人工杂交种在变异位点处的碱基与其相对应的父本碱基一致率高达97.1%。以上结果说明,该研究获得34份人工杂交种为100%杂交成功的F_1子代,核基因ITS序列可用于甘草属杂交种的遗传鉴定;甘草属叶绿体rbcL、mat K、trn H-psb A基因具有父系遗传特性,推测甘草属质体的遗传方式主要表现为父系遗传,这种质体遗传方式的发现为甘草属杂交种和遗传多样性研究提供了新的认识,也为杂交种的亲本鉴定提供分子依据。     

不同栽培龄期光果甘草不同部位总黄酮含量的分析

光果甘草(Glycyrrhiza glabra L.)为甘草属(Glycyrrhiza L.)多年生草本植物,是药用甘草的原植物之一[1].甘草属植物所含的黄酮类成分具有抗血栓、抗氧化、抗肿瘤、抗衰老、增加白细胞、抗动脉硬化、抗心律失常和抑制HIV等作用[2-5];光果甘草中的黄酮类成分光甘草定具有良好的抗氧化、抗炎及抗菌作用,应用前景广阔[6].目前关于光果甘草总黄酮含量已有一些报道[7-8],但有关生长年限对栽培光果甘草总黄酮含量的影响却很少报道[9-10],尤其是对不同栽培龄期光果甘草在不同采集时间各部位总黄酮含量的变化规律缺乏较全面的研究,致使光果甘草药材生产缺乏有力的理论指导依据.     

Assessment of inter- and intra-population variation in quinoline alkaloid profile of juvenile shoot cultures of Cinchona ledgeriana: effect of method of nutrient delivery on alkaloid profile

Intra-population quinoline alkaloid profiles surveying quinine, quinidine, cinchonine and cinchonidine were determined for each of five populations of Cinchona ledgeriana grown as shoot-culture for 125 days. No significant difference in respect of mean alkaloid content between populations was detected. In contrast, there was considerable between-seedling variation in alkaloid content within each population. When nutrients were delivered to shoot-cultures in droplet form by means of an aerosol spray (as compared to the supply of nutrients direct from agar-or liquid-based reservoirs) alkaloid profile was greatly perturbed; most notable in this respect was a four-fold increase in the production of cinchonidine concomitant with a four-fold decrease in the production of cinchonine. These data are discussed with reference to the optimisation of quinoline alkaloid production by juvenile shoot-cultures of Cinchona ledgeriana.     

珙桐枝皮中的生物碱甙成分研究

从珙桐枝皮甲醇提取物的水溶性部分得到3个配糖体化合物,经核磁共振和质谱等光谱分析鉴定为1个喹啉类生物碱甙-pumiloside(1)和2个吲哚类生物碱甙-vincosamide(2),strictosidinic acid(3),其中pumiloside是抗肿瘤物质喜树碱的一种生物合成前体,这3个化合物均为首次从该植物中分得。     

Components of Stem Barks of Winchia calophylla A. DC. and Their Bronchodilator Activities

The Dai medicinal plant Winchia calophylla A. DC. (Apocynaceae) has efficacy as an anticough and anti-asthmatic medication. In order to investigate its relative bioactive components, we studied the chemical constituents of this plant. Using repeated column chromatography, 28 compounds, including loganin, six phenolic compounds, 17 indole alkaloids, three pyridine alkaloids, and a quinoline alkaloid,were isolated from the stem barks of W. calophylla. Loganin, paeonol, N (4)-methyl akuammicine, and cantleyine exhibited a moderate relaxation effect on isolated smooth muscles of guinea-pig tracheal spirals and lung strips and may be the bioactive components responsible for the bronchodilation produced by W. calophylla.     

珙桐叶中喹啉类生物碱甙——pumiloside结构鉴定

首次从珙桐叶甲醇提取物的水溶性部分得到一配糖体化合物-喹啉类生物碱甙(pumiloside),它是抗肿瘤物质喜树碱的生物合成前体。本文对其结构进行鉴定。     

Components of Stem Barks of Winchia calophylla A. DC. and Their Bronchodilator Activities

The Dai medicinal plant Winchia calophylla A. DC. (Apocynaceae) has efficacy as an anticough and anti-asthmatic medication. In order to investigate its relative bioactive components, we studied the chemical constituents of this plant. Using repeated column chromatography, 28 compounds, including loganin, six phenolic compounds, 17 indole alkaloids, three pyridine alkaloids, and a quinoline alkaloid, were isolated from the stem barks of W. calophylla. Loganin, paeonol, N (4)-methyl akuammicine, and cantleyine exhibited a moderate relaxation effect on isolated smooth muscles of guinea-pig tracheal spirals and lung strips and may be the bioactive components responsible for the bronchodilation produced by W. calophylla.     

Efficient synthesis of jusbetonin, an indolo[3,2-b]quinoline glycoside, and its derivatives

Jusbetonin, an indolo[3,2-b]quinoline alkaloid glycoside originally isolated from Justicia betonica, and its derivatives were synthesized. The key steps in the synthetic strategy were the construction of indolo[3,2-b]quinoline skeleton and efficient coupling with the saccharides, in which the α-d-glycopyranosyl bromides were shown to be effective donors. Primary screening showed that all synthesized compounds possessed moderate proliferation inhibitory activity.     

Uncharacteristic alkaloid synthesis by suspension cultures of Cinchona pubescens fed with L-tryptophan

The growth and alkaloid production of a liquid suspension culture of Cinchona pubescens has been studied, particularly with attention to the effect on the alkaloid spectrum of feeding cultures with L-tryptophan. This treatment did not enhance the production of any of the known alkaloids of Cinchona. Above 2mmM, however, the presence of the amino acid was toxic, causing extreme acidification of the medium and cell death. Under these conditions a number of indole and quinoline derivatives accumulated. The principal component of the alkaloid fraction proved to be norharman; indole-3-aldehyde was also isolated. Both these products probably occur by uncharacteristic metabolism of L-tryptophan. Furthermore, evidence for the degradation of endogenous alkaloids was obtained, as 4-hydroxymethylquinoline was also isolated. None of the known quinoline alkaloids of Cinchona, which were present in untreated cells, could be detected after L-tryptophan treatment, even when large amounts of culture were analysed. It is concluded that, in this instance, Cinchona alkaloid production cannot be improved by feeding with a precursor.Abbreviations 2,4-D 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid - IAA indoleacetic acid - BA benzyladenine     

Influence of various media constituents on the growth of Cinchona ledgeriana tissue cultures and the production of alkaloids and anthraquinones therein

Using the methods reported by De Fossard et al. (11) the influence of various media constituents on the growth and the alkaloid and anthraquinone production in Cinchona ledgeriana callus cultures was studied. Growth and indole alkaloid production (e.g. cinchonamine) was improved by higher auxin levels. The best growth was observed in the light, although many media resulted in no growth at all in the light. Anthraquinone production was highest at lower auxin levels. Quinoline alkaloid levels (e.g. quinidine) were highest in media with low auxin concentrations. Low and medium cytokinin concentration benefited the quinoline alkaloid production.From the results it was concluded that the pathways leading to the various secondary products, anthraquinones, indole alkaloids and quinoline alkaloids are, at least partly, regulated independently.Abbreviations used IAA indol-acetic acid - IBA indol-butyric acid - NAA -naphtaleneacetic acid - NOA 2-naphtoxy-acetic acid - 2,4-D 2,4-dichlorophenoxy-acetic acid - pCPA parachlorophenoxy-acetic acid - BA benzyladenine     

Cell line selection combined with jasmonic acid elicitation enhance camptothecin production in cell suspension cultures of Ophiorrhiza mungos L

Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology - Ophiorrhiza mungos is a herbaceous medicinal plant which contains a quinoline alkaloid, camptothecin (CPT), an anticancer compound. A high-yielding cell...     

Synthesis and antiproliferative evaluation of 7-aminosubstituted pyrroloiminoquinone derivatives

Coupling of five amines on the 7-methoxy-1,3,4,5-tetrahydropyrrolo[4,3,2-de]quinoline core was achieved and afforded, in particular, an opened analogue of the natural alkaloid wakayin. Evaluation of cytotoxic activity of compounds 2, 10-13 on L1210 cells afforded IC50 in the range 0.25 5.3 microM.