鸡传染性喉气管炎病毒gB基因重组DNA疫苗的构建与免疫试验

本研究构建了编码ILTV主要抗原gB基因的重组DNA疫苗pcDNA-gB,质粒转染293-T细胞的间接免疫表明其表达的蛋白具有免疫反应性.为测定该DNA疫苗的免疫效果,将其与本室保存的重组鸡痘病毒rFPV-gB-gD-IgY分别以单独和混合的方式给4周龄非免疫鸡进行免疫,然后测定ILTV特异性抗体和T淋巴细胞增殖反应.结果表明这2种基因工程疫苗均能诱导鸡产生特异性的体液免疫及细胞免疫应答.其中以pcDNA-gB/rFPV-gB-gD-IgY联合免疫组的效果最好,其诱导的抗体水平已接近于常规弱毒疫苗,而细胞免疫水平则比后者高得多.上述研究结果为ILTV 新型疫苗的研究奠定了基础.     

鸡传染性喉气管炎病毒gB基因重组DNA疫苗的构建与免疫试验

本研究构建了编码ILTV主要抗原gB基因的重组DNA疫苗pcDNA-gB,质粒转染293-T细胞的间接免疫表明其表达的蛋白具有免疫反应性。为测定该DNA疫苗的免疫效果,将其与本室保存的重组鸡痘病毒rFPV-gB-gD-IgY分别以单独和混合的方式给4周龄非免疫鸡进行免疫,然后测定ILTV特异性抗体和T淋巴细胞增殖反应。结果表明这2种基因工程疫苗均能诱导鸡产生特异性的体液免疫及细胞免疫应答。其中以pcDNA-gB/rFPV-gB-gD-IgY联合免疫组的效果最好,其诱导的抗体水平已接近于常规弱毒疫苗,而细胞免疫水平则比后者高得多。上述研究结果为ILTV新型疫苗的研究奠定了基础。     

共表达H5N1、H7N1亚型AIV HA与鸡IL-18多价重组鸡痘病毒免疫保护性研究

用本实验室构建的重组鸡痘病毒rFPV-H5HA-IL18、rFPV-H5HA-H7HA-IL18和rFPV-H5HA,经翼蹼免疫1日龄SPF鸡和7日龄商品Leghorn蛋鸡,同时以H5亚型AIV全病毒灭活疫苗作为对照.免疫后测定HI抗体效价、淋巴细胞转化指标、重组疫苗对增重的影响、免疫后的攻毒保护效力、免疫后的抑制排毒情况.免疫后不同时间分别测定特异性抗体和淋巴细胞刺激指数.试验结果表明,3株重组鸡痘病毒株均能诱导鸡体产生血凝抑制抗体(HI);共表达鸡IL-18的rFPV-H5HA-IL18和rFPV H5HA-H7HA-IL18诱导商品蛋鸡的细胞免疫水平明显高于非共表达鸡IL-18的rFPV-H5HA.重组鸡痘疫苗免疫SPF和商品蛋鸡后第21d进行攻毒实验,rFPV-H5HA-IL18和rFPV-H5HA-H7HA-IL18免疫攻毒保护率达10/10,rFPV-H5HA免疫攻毒保护率达9/10,与常规疫苗相当.免疫的商品蛋鸡于攻毒后7d采集泄殖腔棉试子样品,检测排毒情况.结果表明,rFPV-H5HA-IL18、rFPV-H5HA-H7HA-IL18免疫组在攻毒后第7d无排毒,其抑制免疫鸡排毒效果优于常规疫苗和单独表达HA的rFPV-H5HA重组鸡痘病毒.rFPV-H5HA-IL18和rFPV-H5HA-H7HA-IL18免疫组鸡,在14日龄时的体重明显高于rFPV-H5HA免疫组和常规疫苗对照免疫组,表明共表达的鸡IL-18能降低鸡痘病毒载体对雏鸡增重的影响.     

共表达H5N1、H7N1亚型AIV HA与鸡IL-18多价重组鸡痘病毒免疫保护性研究

用本实验室构建的重组鸡痘病毒rFPV-H5HA-IL18、rFPV-H5HA-H7HA-IL18和rFPV-H5HA,经翼蹼免疫1日龄SPF鸡和7日龄商品Leghorn蛋鸡,同时以H5亚型AIV全病毒灭活疫苗作为对照.免疫后测定HI抗体效价、淋巴细胞转化指标、重组疫苗对增重的影响、免疫后的攻毒保护效力、免疫后的抑制排毒情况.免疫后不同时间分别测定特异性抗体和淋巴细胞刺激指数.试验结果表明,3株重组鸡痘病毒株均能诱导鸡体产生血凝抑制抗体（HI）;共表达鸡IL-18的rFPV-H5HA-IL18和rFPV H5HA-H7HA-IL18诱导商品蛋鸡的细胞免疫水平明显高于非共表达鸡IL-18的rFPV-H5HA.重组鸡痘疫苗免疫SPF和商品蛋鸡后第21d进行攻毒实验,rFPV-H5HA-IL18和rFPV-H5HA-H7HA-IL18免疫攻毒保护率达10/10,rFPV-H5HA免疫攻毒保护率达9/10,与常规疫苗相当.免疫的商品蛋鸡于攻毒后7d采集泄殖腔棉试子样品,检测排毒情况.结果表明,rFPV-H5HA-IL18、rFPV-H5HA-H7HA-IL18免疫组在攻毒后第7d无排毒,其抑制免疫鸡排毒效果优于常规疫苗和单独表达HA的rFPV-H5HA重组鸡痘病毒.rFPV-H5HA-IL18和rFPV-H5HA-H7HA-IL18免疫组鸡,在14日龄时的体重明显高于rFPV-H5HA免疫组和常规疫苗对照免疫组,表明共表达的鸡IL-18能降低鸡痘病毒载体对雏鸡增重的影响.     

半胱胺对鸡血液中IgA含量的影响研究

在灌喂两种剂量半胱胺的基础上应用新城疫弱毒疫苗对鸡进行消化道粘膜免疫,采用ELISA双夹心法测定了鸡血液中IgA的含量,结果表明:首次免疫后第三周和第四周两种剂量半胱胺组的血液中IgA含量与新城疫免疫组的相比分别呈极显著增加(P＜0.01)和显著增加(P＜0.05);提示血液中IgA含量受SS影响较大,饲喂半胱胺降低SS水平后,应用新城疫弱毒疫苗进行消化道粘膜免疫,可以提高血液中IgA的含量,增强机体的系统免疫力.     

电脉冲和布吡卡因增强A型肉毒毒素DNA核酸疫苗的免疫效果

目的：考查DNA疫苗注射免疫后电脉冲和布吡卡因佐剂化DNA疫苗递送方式对A型肉毒毒素DNA核酸疫苗免疫效果的影响。方法：A型肉毒毒素DNA复制子疫苗和传统DNA疫苗肌肉注射免疫小鼠后电脉冲和布吡卡因佐剂化DNA后再肌肉注射免疫小鼠;检测免疫小鼠的抗体和细胞水平,并分析抗体亚类。结果：电脉冲和布吡卡因这二种递送方式均增强DNA复制子疫苗和传统DNA疫苗的体液免疫和细胞免疫效果;电脉冲提高DNA疫苗免疫效果更为明显,并且电脉冲和布吡卡因组合这种递送方式增强DNA疫苗体液免疫和细胞免疫水平最高;与传统DNA疫苗相比,A型肉毒毒素DNA复制子疫苗在这些递送方式下均诱导产生了更好的特异性体液免疫和细胞免疫应答,并且这些递送方式没有改变DNA疫苗的Th1/Th2免疫应答特性,即DNA复制子疫苗诱导产生Th1/Th2混合免疫应答但偏向于Th2途经,而传统DNA疫苗则完全偏向于Th2途经。结论：电脉冲和布吡卡因增强DNA复制子疫苗和传统DNA疫苗的免疫效果,是提高DNA疫苗免疫原性的良好策略。     

鸡新城疫病毒HeB02分离株F基因的克隆及其DNA疫苗的研究

根据GenBank报道的鸡新城疫病毒F基因序列设计了一对引物,以鸡新城疫病毒HeB02分离株基因组为模板,通过RT-PCR扩增出了1·66kb左右的F基因片段,序列分析表明HeB02株F基因与国内标准强毒株F48E9及弱毒疫苗La Sota和Clone30的F基因核苷酸序列的同源性分别为88·1%、84·9%和83·8%。将HeB02株F基因插入真核表达载体pVAX1中,构建了真核表达质粒pSV-F,通过脂质体转染COS-7细胞,SDS-PAGE分析可见表达的特异蛋白条带;Western blot、ELISA和中和试验检测结果表明:真核表达的蛋白与抗新城疫病毒的抗体发生特异性反应,说明F蛋白具有很好的免疫原性。采用活体电击法以真核表达质粒pSV-F免疫3周龄SPF鸡,剂量为50μg/只,3周后加强免疫1次,5周后以100倍鸡胚感染剂量(EID)的F基因同源病毒对所有鸡进行攻毒,攻毒前后每周分别以喉拭子进行病毒分离和HI效价测定。结果显示对照组在攻毒前一直没有检测到抗体效价,攻毒后检测效价为3·0log2±1·40,并且于攻毒后第9天全部死亡;活疫苗组和实验组免疫后第2周检测到抗体效价,第5周最高,HI效价分别为8·3log2±1·30和7·2log2±1·23,攻毒1周后HI效价分别达9·8log2±1·55和8·9log2±1·77,极显著高于对照组(P<0·01)。免疫组未分离到新城疫病毒,对照组全部分离到新城疫病毒。表明所构建的F基因真核表达质粒可作为候选基因疫苗诱导鸡产生免疫保护反应。     

IBDV丝素蛋白/壳聚糖DNA微球疫苗的制备及免疫原性分析

为了制备传染性法氏囊病病毒(Infectious bursal disease virus,IBDV)DNA微球疫苗,并评价其免疫效果。以丝素蛋白(Silk fibroin,SF)/壳聚糖(Chitosan,CS)为壁材,IBDV的VP2/4/3 DNA疫苗为芯材,通过戊二醛和Na2SO4介导的乳化交联技术,制备出SF/CS复合微球疫苗,然后经肌肉注射14日龄非免疫鸡,2周后加强免疫一次,酶联免疫法(ELISA)定期监测鸡血清的IBDV抗体,以研究微球化疫苗的免疫原性。结果显示:戊二醛介导交联方法影响荷载DNA疫苗的活性,而Na2SO4介导的交联方法操作简单且不影响荷载DNA活性;建立了以壳聚糖浓度0.5%(pH 5.0)、丝素蛋白浓度0.6%,质粒DNA 500μg/mL溶解在2%Na2SO4溶液中的工作条件;SF-CS复合微球DNA疫苗荷载率89.14%,大小1.98μm,对DNaseⅠ的消化有保护作用。免疫后的抗IBDV血清ELISA抗体的检测显示,微球免疫组总体高于质粒疫苗免疫组(P0.05),而且SF/CS复合微球组免疫反应要略高于单纯CS包被的抗原组。研究表明,丝素蛋白/壳聚糖作为微球佐剂能提高IBDV DNA疫苗的临床免疫效果,有很好的应用前景。     

鸡新城疫副眼和副鼻器官微环境局部免疫机理的研究——Ⅰ.血清学和免疫荧光研究

本文研究了用新城疫B_1系疫苗免疫后的SPF雏鸡的泪液、唾液,气管粘液和血液中的血凝抑制(HI)抗体的性质和动态变化规律;同时采取哈德泪腺、气管、肺脏、脾脏、胸腺和法氏囊,作低温组织切片间接免疫荧光试验。结果证明:泪液、唾液和气管粘液中存在着HI抗体.经过两次免疫后,这种抗体至少可持续71天,而且在免疫初期(泪液在一免后的第26天前,唾液和气管粘液在一免后的第29天前)这些外分泌液中的HI抗体滴度要比血液中相应的抗体滴度高.说明这些抗体主要是由局部免疫组织产生的,而不是由血液中机械性渗透来的。哈德泪腺是以B淋巴细胞为主的外周免疫器官,它是在局部产生抗体的主要部位,同时气管、肺脏的局部淋巴组织也参与抗体的合成。参与局部免疫的抗体主要属于IgA。局部免疫反应以体液免疫为主,并由体液免疫和细胞免疫共同完成。     

重组鸡痘病毒和DNA疫苗对口蹄疫病毒的豚鼠免疫保护

将构建的携带FMDV衣壳蛋白P1-2A和蛋白酶3C编码基因的重组鸡痘病毒活载体疫苗vUTAL3CP1以及编码FMDVP1-2A基因和猪IL-18基因的重组DNA疫苗pVIRIL18P1,分别以单独和混合的方式给豚鼠进行2次免疫,然后测定FMDV特异性结合抗体、中和抗体和T淋巴细胞增殖反应,并用250ID50的FMDV进行攻击,观察其保护效果。结果表明这2种基因工程疫苗均能诱导豚鼠产生特异性的体液免疫及细胞免疫应答。其中以vUTAL3CP1两次免疫组的效果最好,其诱导的抗体水平已接近于常规灭活疫苗,而细胞免疫水平则比后者高得多。攻击保护结果表明该组完全保护率可达3/4,而另外两组也具有一定保护效果。上述研究结果为进一步进行大动物免疫攻毒试验,并最终筛选出最佳疫苗和免疫程序奠定了基础。     

Preparation and Efficacy of a Live Newcastle Disease Virus Vaccine Encapsulated in Chitosan Nanoparticles

Background

Newcastle disease (ND) is a highly contagious viral disease of poultry caused by pathogenic strains of the Newcastle disease virus (NDV). Live NDV vaccines are administered by drinking water, eyedrops or coarse aerosol spray. To further enhance mucosal immune responses, chitosan nanoparticles were developed for the mucosal delivery of a live NDV vaccine.

Methodology/Principal Findings

A lentogenic live-virus vaccine (strain LaSota) against NDV encapsulated in chitosan nanoparticles were developed using an ionic crosslinking method. Chitosan nanoparticles containing the lentogenic live-virus vaccine against NDV (NDV-CS-NPs) were produced with good morphology, high stability, a mean diameter of 371.1 nm, an encapsulation rate of 77% and a zeta potential of +2.84 mV. The Western blotting analysis showed that NDV structural proteins were detected in NDV-CS-NPs. The virus release assay results of NDV-CS-NPs indicated that NDV was released from NDV-CS-NPs. Chickens immunized orally or intranasally with NDV-CS-NPs were fully protected whereas one out of five chickens immunized with the LaSota live NDV vaccine and three out of five chickens immunized with the inactivated NDV vaccine were dead after challenge with the highly virulent NDV strain F48E9.

Conclusions/Significance

NDV-CS-NPs induced better protection of immunized specific pathogen free chickens compared to the live NDV vaccine strain LaSota and the inactivated NDV vaccine. This study lays a foundation for the further development of mucosal vaccines and drugs encapsulated in chitosan nanoparticles.     

Assessment of newcastle disease vaccination of houbara bustard breeders (Chlamydotis undulata undulata)

The houbara bustard (Chlamydotis undulata undulata) is endangered in North Africa. Through a captive-breeding program established in Morocco by The Emirates Center for Wildlife Propagation, wild populations are being supplemented by the releasing of captive-reared birds. Newcastle disease, which is caused by Newcastle disease virus (NDV; Avian paramyxovirus type 1), can infect houbara bustards and is a significant threat through contact with backyard poultry and possibly wild birds. Three vaccination schedules for Newcastle disease were evaluated by serologic monitoring to assess the efficiency and safety of various types of vaccines (live vs. inactivated), vaccine strains (Hitchner B1 and Clone 30), and administration routes (intranasal vs. injection). We evaluated antibody titers in 211 adult houbara bustards for 10 mo. Antibody titers to NDV in both sera and egg yolks were monitored by hemagglutination inhibition test. The inactivated vaccine provided a high, homogeneous, and durable serologic response in breeders; titers were higher than log2 11 after 4 wk and remained higher than log2 7 after 10 mo. The response to the two live vaccines was similar, and antibody titers did not exceed log2 6 at sero-conversion. Maternally derived antibodies were efficiently transmitted in vitellus, further confirming that offspring of females hyperimmunized with the inactivated vaccine received high titers of maternal antibodies.     

Comparison of dimethyl dioctadecyl ammonium bromide, Freund's complete adjuvant and mineral oil for induction of humoral antibodies, cellular immunity and resistance to Newcastle disease virus in chickens

Abstract Dimethyl diotadecyl ammonium bromide (DDA), a lipophilic quaternary amine, was evaluated in adult chickens for potentiation of immunological responses to subcutaneously administered inactivated Newcastle disease virus (NDV) vaccines. DDA enhanced humoral and cell-mediated immune (CMI) responses to levels which were significantly higher than those induced by the vaccine alone The haemagglutination inhibition antibody titers induced by DDA were slightly lower than those induced by mineral oil although neutralizing antibody titers seemed to be higher. DDA induced strong CMI (DTH and lymphocyte proliferation) responses, more than those induced by Freund's complete adjuvant and mineral oil. Both DDA and mineral oil induced comparable high levels of protection to challenge doses of 200 000 LD₅₀ per chicken. No toxic effects or local tissue damage were observed in any of the inoculated chickens.     

Preparation and Efficacy of Newcastle Disease Virus DNA Vaccine Encapsulated in PLGA Nanoparticles

Background

Although the Newcastle disease virus (NDV) inactivated vaccines and attenuated live vaccines have been used to prevent and control Newcastle disease (ND) for years, there are some disadvantages. Recently, newly developed DNA vaccines have the potential to overcome these disadvantages. The low delivery efficiency, however, hindered the application of DNA vaccines for ND in practice.

Methodology/Principal Findings

The eukaryotic expression plasmid pVAX1-F (o) DNA that expressed the F gene of NDV encapsulated in PLGA nanoparticles (pFNDV-PLGA-NPs) were prepared by a double emulsion-solvent evaporation method and optimal preparation conditions of the pFNDV-PLGA-NPs were determined. Under the optimal conditions, the pFNDV-PLGA-NPs were produced in good morphology and had high stability with a mean diameter of 433.5±7.5 nm, with encapsulation efficiency of 91.8±0.3% and a Zeta potential of +2.7 mV. Release assay in vitro showed that the fusion gene plasmid DNA could be sustainably released from the pFNDV-PLGA-NPs up to 93.14% of the total amount. Cell transfection test indicated that the vaccine expressed and maintained its bioactivity. Immunization results showed that better immune responses of SPF chickens immunized with the pFNDV-PLGA-NPs were induced compared to the chickens immunized with the DNA vaccine alone. In addition, the safety of mucosal immunity delivery system of the pFNDV-PLGA-NPs was also tested in an in vitro cytotoxicity assay.

Conclusions/Significance

The pFNDV-PLGA-NPs could induce stronger cellular, humoral, and mucosal immune responses and reached the sustained release effect. These results laid a foundation for further development of vaccines and drugs in PLGA nanoparticles.     

Newcastle disease virus-vectored rabies vaccine is safe, highly immunogenic, and provides long-lasting protection in dogs and cats

Effective, safe, and affordable rabies vaccines are still being sought. Newcastle disease virus (NDV), an avian paramyxovirus, has shown promise as a vaccine vector for mammals. Here, we generated a recombinant avirulent NDV La Sota strain expressing the rabies virus glycoprotein (RVG) and evaluated its potential to serve as a vaccine against rabies. The recombinant virus, rL-RVG, retained its high-growth property in chicken eggs, with titers of up to 10^9.8 50% egg infective doses (EID₅₀)/ml of allantoic fluid. RVG expression enabled rL-RVG to spread from cell to cell in a rabies virus-like manner, and RVG was incorporated on the surface of the rL-RVG viral particle. RVG incorporation did not alter the trypsin-dependent infectivity of the NDV vector in mammalian cells. rL-RVG and La Sota NDV showed similar levels of sensitivity to a neutralization antibody against NDV and similar levels of resistance to a neutralization antibody against rabies virus. Animal studies demonstrated that rL-RVG is safe in several species, including cats and dogs, when administered as multiple high doses of recombinant vaccine. Intramuscular vaccination with rL-RVG induced a substantial rabies virus neutralization antibody response and provided complete protection from challenge with circulating rabies virus strains. Most importantly, rL-RVG induced strong and long-lasting protective neutralization antibody responses to rabies virus in dogs and cats. A low vaccine dose of 10^8.3 EID₅₀ completely protected dogs from challenge with a circulating strain of rabies virus for more than a year. This is the first study to demonstrate that immunization with an NDV-vectored vaccine can induce long-lasting, systemic protective immunity against rabies.     

Endocine?, N3OA and N3OASq; Three Mucosal Adjuvants That Enhance the Immune Response to Nasal Influenza Vaccination

Annual outbreaks of seasonal influenza are controlled or prevented through vaccination in many countries. The seasonal vaccines used are either inactivated, currently administered parenterally, or live-attenuated given intranasally. In this study three mucosal adjuvants were examined for the influence on the humoral (mucosal and systemic) and cellular influenza A-specific immune responses induced by a nasally administered vaccine. We investigated in detail how the anionic Endocine™ and the cationic adjuvants N3OA and N3OASq mixed with a split inactivated influenza vaccine induced influenza A-specific immune responses as compared to the vaccine alone after intranasal immunization. The study showed that nasal administration of a split virus vaccine together with Endocine™ or N3OA induced significantly higher humoral and cell-mediated immune responses than the non-adjuvanted vaccine. N3OASq only significantly increased the cell-mediated immune response. Furthermore, nasal administration of the influenza vaccine in combination with any of the adjuvants; Endocine™, N3OA or N3OASq, significantly enhanced the mucosal immunity against influenza HA protein. Thus the addition of these mucosal adjuvants leads to enhanced immunity in the most relevant tissues, the upper respiratory tract and the systemic circulation. Nasal influenza vaccination with an inactivated split vaccine can therefore provide an important mucosal immune response, which is often low or absent after traditional parenteral vaccination.     

The influence of the inactivating agent on the antigen content of inactivated Newcastle disease vaccines assessed by the in vitro potency test

An in vitro potency test has recently been included in the European Pharmacopoeia (EP) monograph (01/2007:0870) to assess the potency of inactivated Newcastle disease (ND) vaccines. This enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) is an attractive alternative for the existing in vivo potency tests especially with regard to the objective of the European Authorities to Replace, Reduce and Refine the use of laboratory animals for production and quality control of immunobiologicals.In the present study the influence of the inactivant on the antigen content established by ELISA was evaluated. Therefore, oil based vaccines containing similar concentrations of β-propiolactone (BPL) or formaldehyde inactivated Newcastle disease virus (NDV) were examined by ELISA and in the in vivo potency tests outlined in the EP.The results obtained demonstrate that the use of formaldehyde as inactivant lowered the in vitro potency compared to BPL as inactivant. In contrast, the in vivo potency was not affected. Therefore, the ELISA should not be used to compare the potency of commercial ND vaccines containing formaldehyde inactivated NDV with those containing BPL inactivated NDV. However, the ELISA is considered an attractive alternative for the existing in vivo potency tests since it can be used by vaccine manufacturers for the release of inactivated ND vaccines.     

Process development for quantitation and vaccine efficacy assessment of recombinant hemagglutinin-neuraminidase

Recombinant hemagglutinin-neuraminidase (HN) based subunit vaccine, which is non-infectious and can be produced using insect cell-culture systems, is a potential alternative to conventional live and inactivated Newcastle disease virus (NDV) vaccines. However, process development for manufacture and efficacy assessment of HN subunit vaccines has been hampered by the absence of reference standards, a cornerstone for robust and sensitive quantitative analytical methods. In this work, a downstream purification strategy was developed to obtain NDV HN which was expressed with a hexa-histidine fusion tag (rHN) to facilitate detection using generic antibodies. Highly purified rHN (∼95%) attained after detergent extraction and two-stage ion-exchange-hydroxyapatite column chromatography was subsequently utilized as reference standards for quantitative ELISA development. Recovery of rHN at different stages of purification was monitored. Quantitation of rHN from crude cell lysates was performed for dose-ranging antibody response and protective efficacy studies. A higher dose (1500 ng) of rHN was correlated to a significant reduction in virus shedding and attainment of herd immunity, as indicated by a higher proportion of chickens (92%) with hemagglutination inhibition (HI) antibody titers ≥ log₂3. The outcome of this study, shows the importance of downstream process development in enabling robust quantitation and efficacy assessment of a recombinant subunit vaccine.     

Mycobacterium phlei as an oral immunomodulator with Newcastle disease vaccine

Experiments were conducted in chickens to understand the effects of oral immunomodulation. Heat inactivated M phlei, a commensal Mycobacterium and a non-specific immunomodulator, was administered orally prior to live Newcastle disease F (ND F) strain vaccination. In experimental birds it lead to an enhanced cell mediated Immune response (CMI) against the vaccine. There was a reduction in the Haemagglutination inhibiting (HI) antibodies. However, it did not affect the protection against a virulent challenge, as the protection percentage was more or less same in vaccinated birds irrespective of the M.phlei administration. M. phlei administration could not enhance the immune response to inactivated ND F vaccine administered orally. The results indicate that M. phlei favours a CMI response to orally administered live ND F vaccine. It may be of potential use in enhancing CMI against vaccines and a cheaper alternative to costlier recombinant cytokines.     

禽呼肠孤病毒感染对鸡法氏囊及免疫应答的影响

研究LY株禽呼肠孤病毒(ARV)感染1日龄SPF鸡后对法氏囊发育影响,对传染性法氏囊病毒(IBDV)、禽流感病毒(AIV)、新城疫病毒(NDV)疫苗免疫诱发的抗体的影响,及对强毒株IBDV致病作用的影响。结果表明,LY株ARV感染1日龄SPF鸡可引起法氏囊萎缩和部分淋巴细胞减少,但对增重及AIV和NDV疫苗免疫后抗体滴度却没有显著影响。ARV感染可降低弱毒IBDV疫苗免疫后的抗体反应,但对随后IBDV强毒株攻毒的抵抗力却与对照鸡无显著差异。经IBDV弱毒疫苗免疫后,再接种强毒株IBDV,不会引起死亡,但却仍能显著抑制对AIV、NDV疫苗免疫后的抗体滴度。然而,对于1~7日龄经ARV感染的鸡,IBDV强毒的这种免疫抑制作用又显著低于未经ARV感染的对照鸡。