脉冲电泳不同参数对介导GFP基因转化玉米种胚效果的研究

利用脉冲电泳介导绿色荧光蛋白(GFP)基因导入玉米种胚;以GFP基因在种胚中瞬时表达作为外源基因导人种胚细胞的标记,分析了外源．DNA浓度、电泳时间、电压、电流转换时间等脉冲电泳转化参数对种胚发芽率和外源基因导入率的影响。结果表明：脉冲电泳时间对种胚发芽率和外源GFP基因导入率影响最大;通过脉冲电泳可将外源基因导入胚芽细胞,其GFP基因导人种子的频率与各电泳参数均呈二次曲线关系,300μg／ml外源DNA浓度、120min电泳时间、5V电压、2s电流转换时间可作为脉冲电泳介导玉米种胚转化较适宜的参数。     

水稻幼胚电激转化及转基因植株再生

幼胚的遗传转化对研究植物胚胎发育相关基因的表达与调控具有重要意义 ,也为植物遗传改良提供新的技术。本研究借助一种自制的特殊装置 ,采用电激法将GFP基因转入 2 - 3天水稻幼胚 ,得到瞬时表达 ,4- 6天水稻幼胚经电激后再生了植株 ,并在愈伤组织阶段及R0植株中检测到GFP荧光的转基因植株 ,从而建立了水稻幼胚的遗传转化实验系统。在电容为 5 0 0 μF、电压为 30 0V/cm ,浓度为 10 0 μg/mL的条件下 ,幼胚GFP的电激转化频率可达 35 %。在pH 5 .8的电激缓冲液中 ,最高转化频率可达 40 %。在三种不同的启动子实验中 ,以Ubi启动子的转化频率最高。     

水稻幼胚电激转化及转基因植株再生

幼胚的遗传转化对研究植物胚胎发育相关基因的表达与调控具有重要意义, 也为植物遗传改良提供新的技术.本研究借助一种自制的特殊装置,采用电激法将GFP基因转入2-3天水稻幼胚,得到瞬时表达, 4-6天水稻幼胚经电激后再生了植株,并在愈伤组织阶段及R0植株中检测到GFP荧光的转基因植株,从而建立了水稻幼胚的遗传转化实验系统.在电容为500 μF、电压为300 V/cm,浓度为100 μg/mL的条件下,幼胚GFP的电激转化频率可达35%. 在pH 5.8的电激缓冲液中,最高转化频率可达40%.在三种不同的启动子实验中,以Ubi启动子的转化频率最高.     

影响农杆菌介导玉米优良自交系遗传转化的因素

以我国玉米骨干自交系9046,齐319,414,Mo17的幼胚为材料,在已经建立的农杆菌介导的玉米幼胚转化体系的基础上,研究了影响农杆菌介导玉米优良自交系遗传转化的因素,建立了优化的玉米优良自交系的遗传转化体系。研究结果表明,1．0—2．0mm的玉米幼胚是最适宜的转化受体;在感染液和共培养基中都加入乙酰丁香酮(200μmol／L)和抗坏血酸(50mg／L),能显著提高农杆菌对玉米的侵染能力;而感染前将幼胚高渗透压预处理未能提高转化率;延迟筛选有利于提高抗性愈伤组织的存活率。应用优化后的转化体系,获得了这4个玉米优良自交系的转基因植株,PCR阳性植株率为1．71％-4．09％。转化植株叶片总DNA的PCR和Southern杂交分析表明,T-DNA上的外源基因已经整合进了玉米基因组,并且在大多数转基因植株(71．4％)中为单位点插入。这一体系的建立,为进一步将有用基因导入玉米优良自交系奠定了基础。     

根癌农杆菌介导的水稻高效转化系统的建立

比较了影响根癌农杆菌转化水稻的各种因素后,建立了农杆菌介导的水稻高效转基因实验体系。按该体系,水稻品种中花11号预培养4d的幼胚经农杆菌EHA105／pCAMBIA1301感染后,具有GUS基因瞬间表达的幼胚比例在50％以上,最高可达90％;按产生潮霉素抗性愈伤和转基因植株的比例计算,转化率分别达到87．6％和64．6％。转基因植株总DNA的Southern杂交分析表明T－DNA上的外源基因已整合进了水稻基因组,且在大多数转基因植株中表现为单拷贝插入;遗传分析证明T1代的表型分离符合孟德尔法则。此转化系统的建立为高效地将有用的外源DNA导入水稻植株奠定了基础。     

脉冲电泳技术介导玉米转基因研究

本研究采用脉冲电泳技术进行外源基因转化玉米种胚并直接成苗,分析了不同参数对种子出苗率的影响,通过除草剂抗性初步筛选,再进行：PCR检测,结果表明不同电泳时间对种子出苗率影响显著,外源DNA浓度对种子出苗率影响不显著,确定了除草剂对玉米幼苗(3～4叶期)适宜筛选浓度为50μg／ml,To代植株除草剂处理存活率与外源基因导入率呈显著相关(r=0．9623),且与外源DNA浓度呈二次曲线关系,近似于正态分布,外源质粒DNA浓度为300μg／ml时,外源基因导入率达最大值,为11．36％。     

一种适用于少量幼胚材料的电激转化方法

设计制作了一种适合于对少量植物细胞材料进行电激转化的装置.用该装置对小麦受精后4～7 d的幼胚进行电激转化获得成功.当电容为20μF、电场强度为500V@cm-1时,由Act1启动子驱动的GUS基因的瞬时表达频率为34.2%,而CaMV 35S启动子控制的GFP基因的瞬时表达频率为7.9%.     

根癌农杆菌介导小麦幼胚遗传转化的影响因素

利用携带pC3301质粒(含bar和gus基因)的超毒根癌农杆菌菌株EHA105对普通小麦(Triticum aestivum L.)扬麦158进行了遗传转化,对筛选中的抗生素浓度、菌液浓度、共培养温度和时间、幼胚预培养时间、乙酰丁香酮(AS)浓度、洗涤用液及筛选方式等影响转化的几个重要因素进行了讨论.对从294个小麦幼胚外植体中转化得到的5株成活植株进行了PCR和Southern blot分析,结果表明其中2株小麦基因组中整合了外源DNA,转化频率为0.68%.     

一种适合于少量幼胚材料的电激转化方法

设计制作了一种适合于对少量植物细胞材料进行电激转化的装置。用该装置对小麦受精后 4～ 7d的幼胚进行电激转化获得成功。当电容为 2 0 μF、电场强度为5 0 0V·cm- 1 时 ,由Act1启动子驱动的GUS基因的瞬时表达频率为 34 .2 %,而CaMV 35S启动子控制的GFP基因的瞬时表达频率为 7.9%。     

利用脉冲电泳技术转化玉米获得转基因植株的研究

本研究采用脉冲电泳技术将外源Bar基因和B-t基因转化玉米种胚并直接成苗,通过除草剂抗性初步筛选,再进行PCR检测、Southem杂交验证,探讨了脉冲电泳介导外源基因直接转化玉米种胚的有效性,结果表明：脉冲电泳技术介导玉米转基因是有效可行的,其T0代植株PCR阳性率与T1代植株转化率分别为11．36％和1．04％。在外源基因的转化中,处于不同启动子下的B-t基因和Bar基因共转化频率为90．9％。T1代PCR表现为阳性的植株Southem杂交结果显示脉冲电泳法介导的外源基因在受体中多为单拷贝,且已遗传给后代,并获得稳定表达。     

Curcuminoids as inhibitors of thioredoxin reductase: A receptor based pharmacophore study with distance mapping of the active site

Curcumin is the yellow pigment of turmeric that interacts irreversibly forming an adduct with thioredoxin reductase (TrxR), an enzyme responsible for redox control of cell and defence against oxidative stress. Docking at both the active sites of TrxR was performed to compare the potency of three naturally occurring curcuminoids, namely curcumin, demethoxy curcumin and bis-demethoxy curcumin. Results show that active sites of TrxR occur at the junction of E and F chains. Volume and area of both cavities is predicted. It has been concluded by distance mapping of the most active conformations that Se atom of catalytic residue SeCYS498, is at a distance of 3.56 from C13 of demethoxy curcumin at the E chain active site, whereas C13 carbon atom forms adduct with Se atom of SeCys 498. We report that at least one methoxy group in curcuminoids is necessary for interation with catalytic residues of thioredoxin. Pharmacophore of both active sites of the TrxR receptor for curcumin and demethoxy curcumin molecules has been drawn and proposed for design and synthesis of most probable potent antiproliferative synthetic drugs.     

A Unique Protease Cleavage Site Predicted in the Spike Protein of the Novel Pneumonia Coronavirus (2019-nCoV) Potentially Related to Viral Transmissibility

正Dear Editor,In December 2019, a novel human coronavirus caused an epidemic of severe pneumonia(Coronavirus Disease 2019,COVID-19) in Wuhan, Hubei, China(Wu et al. 2020; Zhu et al. 2020). So far, this virus has spread to all areas of China and even to other countries. The epidemic has caused 67,102 confirmed infections with 1526 fatal cases     

Comparative morphology of the carpel in the Liliaceae: Hewardieae, Petrosavieae, and Tricyrteae

The young pistils in the melanthioid tribes, Hewardieae, Petrosavieae and Tricyrteae, are uniformly tricarpellate and syncarpous. They lack raphide idioblasts. All are multiovulate, with bitegmic ovules. The Petrosavieae are marked by the presence of septal glands and incomplete syncarpy. Tepals and stamens adhere to the ovary in the Hewardieae and the Petrosavieae but not in the Tricyrteae. Two vascular bundles occur in the stamens of the Hewartlieae and Tricyrtis latifolia. Ventral bundles in the upper part of the ovary of the Hewardieae are continuous with compound septal bundles and placental bundles in the lower part. Putative ventral bundles occur in the alternate position in the Tricyrteae and putative placental bundles in the opposite. position in the Petrosavieae. The dichtomously branched stigma in each carpel of the Tricyrteae is supplied by a bifurcated dorsal bundle.     

Entwicklungsgeschichte und Ultrastruktur von Pollenkitt und Exine bei nahe verwandten entomophilen und anemophilen Angiospermensippen derAlismataceae,Liliaceae, Juncaceae,Cyperaceae, Poaceae undAraceae

Some closely related members of the monocotyledonous familiesAlismataceae, Liliaceae, Juncaceae, Cyperaceae, Poaceae andAraceae with variable modes of pollination (insect- and wind-pollination) were studied in relation to the ultrastructure of pollenkitt and exine (amount, consistency and distribution of pollenkitt on the surface of pollen grains). The character syndromes of pollen cementing in entomophilous, anemophilous and intermediate (ambophilous or amphiphilous) monocotyledons are the same in principal as in dicotyledons. Comparing present with former results one can summarize: 1) The pollenkitt is always produced in the same manner by the anther tapetum in all angiosperm sub-classes. 2) The variable stickiness of entomophilous and anemophilous pollen always depends on the particular distribution and consistency of the pollenkitt, but not its amount on the pollen surface. 3) The mostly dry and powdery pollen of anemophilous plants always contains a variable amount of inactive pollenkitt in its exine cavities. 4) A step-by step change of the pollen cementing syndrome can be observed from entomophily towards anemophily. 5) From the omnipresence of pollenkitt in all wind-pollinated angiosperms studied one can conclude that the ancestors of anemophilous angiosperms probably have been zoophilous (i.e. entomophilous) throughout.

     

Identification and Characterization of the First Equine Parainfluenza Virus 5

正Dear Editor,Parainfluenza virus 5 (PIV5), known as canine parainfluenza virus in the veterinary field, is a negative-sense,nonsegmented, single-stranded RNA virus belonging to the Paramyxoviridae family (Chen 2018). The virus was first reported in primary monkey kidney cells in 1954 (Hsiung1972), then it has been frequently discovered in various