白洋淀轮虫群落结构特征

选取白洋淀8个采样点于2005年9月—2006年12月对轮虫群落进行定性定量分析,共检出轮虫110种,采蒲台种类数最多,其次是枣林庄,南刘庄最少;从季节来看,春、秋轮虫种类数量最多,夏季其次,冬季最少;根据优势种比较,臂尾轮虫科、迈氏三肢轮虫、针簇多肢轮虫、龟甲轮虫属等甲型-中污性和乙型-中污性水体种类分布在污染较严重的南刘庄,而单趾轮属、腔轮属、鬼轮属等清洁种类则分布在采蒲台、枣林庄、烧车淀等淀区。除端村外,各采样点轮虫密度和生物量于2006年4月出现最大值。根据Q(B/T)指数评价白洋淀各采样点水质,南刘庄属富营养,圈头属寡营养,其它样点属中营养水质。白洋淀轮虫的Shannon-Wiener指数以及均匀度指数则在夏秋季较高,春季较低,而物种多样性指数并不能完全反映白洋淀各采样点的水质。     

滆湖轮虫群落结构与水质生态学评价

研究了浅水湖泊--滆湖的轮虫群落结构,并用轮虫污染指示种类、E/O值、QB/T值和生物多样性指数评价滆湖的水质和营养状况.在两周年的研究中,共发现轮虫69种,污染指示轮虫39种.优势种为萼花臂尾轮虫(Brachionua calyciflorus)、前节晶囊轮虫(Asplanchna priodonta)、针簇多肢轮虫(Polyarthra trigla)、长三肢轮虫(Filinia longiseta)和裂足臂尾轮虫(B.diversicornis).轮虫密度年平均值为1584 ind./L,生物量年平均值为5.982 1 mg/L.密度秋季最高,生物量夏季较高.轮虫物种多样性较低,多样性指数与其密度及生物量正相关.滆湖三个生态功能区轮虫的种类相似;湖区北部与中部的轮虫现存量差异不显著,与南部的差异显著,中部与南部间差异极显著.根据指示生物法、生物指数法和多样性指数法评价滆湖水质及营养类型,涌湖为富营养型.     

沙颍河流域浮游动物群落结构空间变化特征与水质评价

为了解沙颍河流域浮游动物的群落结构及水质状况, 于2016年秋季对该流域设置了20个采样点, 进行浮游动物群落结构调查, 并利用生物多样性指数对水质进行评价。结果显示: 沙颍河流域共检测出浮游动物36属78种, 其中轮虫20属60种、枝角类10属12种、桡足类6属6种; 浮游动物优势种主要为长肢多肢轮虫(Polyarthra dolichoptera)、裂痕龟纹轮虫(Anuraeopsis fissa)、角突臂尾轮虫(Brachionus angularis)、萼花臂尾轮虫(B. calyciflorus)、曲腿龟甲轮虫(KeratelIa valga)和象鼻溞(Bosmina sp.); 浮游动物密度和生物量最大值出现在沙颍河流域上游, 且从上游至下游, 生物量和密度的空间变化趋势相一致, 大致呈现逐渐降低的趋势; 检测位点Shannon-Wiener 多样性指数的范围为1.03—3.51, Pielou均匀度指数的变化范围为0.26—0.70。综合分析各采样点的种群和多样性指数反映出沙颍河流域上游水体污染较为严重, 中下游水体为中度污染。水质总体呈现出中度-重度污染。     

上海崇明岛明珠湖轮虫群落结构

根据2008年1-12月上海市崇明岛明珠湖的综合调查资料,分析了明珠湖轮虫的数量分布、群落特征、种类组成、优势种及物种多样性.结果表明：本次调查共鉴定出轮虫27种,隶属于8科11属,优势种包括刺簇多肢轮虫、暗小异尾轮虫、萼花臂尾轮虫、未定名的旋轮属1种和剪形臂尾轮虫;轮虫生物密度的年均值为（1505.42±1304.63） ind·L^-1,生物量年均值为（2.012±2.146） mg·L^-1;明珠湖轮虫的Shannon-Wiener多样性指数、丰富度指数和均匀度指数均较低,优势种的优势度指数较大,反映出明珠湖轮虫群落结构不稳定;其富营养种数/贫营养种数（E/O）的比值为1.61±1.46,臂尾轮虫属（B）种数和异尾轮虫属（T）种数的比值（Q_B/T）为1.23±0.84.影响明珠湖轮虫生态特征分布的主要因子是水温;目前明珠湖水质呈轻度富营养化.     

横山水库浮游动物群落结构特征及水质评价

为了解横山水库浮游动物群落结构特征及水质状况,于2012年5月(春)、7月(夏)、10月(秋)及2013年1月(冬)对该水库的浮游动物及主要水质理化指标进行了调查分析,利用生物多样性指数法和综合营养状态指数法评价其水质状况。结果共鉴定浮游动物100种(原生动物47种、轮虫36种、枝角类12种、桡足类5种)。春夏秋季种类组成主要以轮虫和原生动物为主,枝角类与桡足类种类较少;冬季各种类均很少。优势种为王氏似铃壳虫(Tintinnopsis wangi)、淡水简筒虫(Tintinnidium fluviatile)、球形沙壳虫(Difflugia globulosa)、湖生累枝虫(Epistylis lacustris)、裂痕龟纹轮虫(Anuraeopsis fissa)、针簇多肢轮虫(Polyarthra trigla)、裂足臂尾轮虫(Brachionus diversicornis)和等刺异尾轮虫(Trichocerca similis),季节更替明显。浮游动物年均丰度为1460 ind./L,变化范围17—3164 ind./L;年均生物量为1.252 mg/L,变化范围0.042—2.732 mg/L;香农多样性指数(H')、均匀度指数(J)及丰富度指数(D)年均值分别为2.06、0.68及1.30;全年综合营养状态指数值范围33.36—44.15。CCA分析表明,温度及pH等环境因子与浮游动物群落结构具有明显相关性。水质总体评价显示,横山水库水质处中污染状态、水体处中营养水平,基本符合国家Ⅱ类水的水质标准,但作为饮用水水源地,其水质还需进一步加强管理与调控。     

大辽河水系夏季后生浮游动物群落结构及水生态评价

作为建立中国水环境生态学基准的基础性工作,于2011年6月,按照相关规范,对大辽河水系各河段的浮游动物群落结构和水生态状况进行了调查.结果表明:调查期间大辽河水系共检出59种或变种,其中以轮虫类占优势,占总种类数的84.75％,不同采样点的密度从8.63个·L-1至2292.06个·L-1不等,平均值为628.97个·L-1;主要优势种是龟甲轮虫属(Keratella)和臂尾轮虫属(Brachionus)的种类;共检出污染指示种28种,其中β-中污带指示种居多,有11种,占所有指示种的40％;Shannon指数为2.33 ～ 3.93,Margalef丰富度指数为2.84 ～ 9.42,Pielou均匀度指数为0.59 ～0.97;综合水体中后生浮游动物的密度、优势种类、指示种和生物多样性指数评价表明,大辽河水系处于富营养化状态、中等程度污染水平.相比前些年的资料,水生态状况有所好转.     

小型湖泊水生植物栽培对轮虫群落结构的影响

为了解水生植物栽培对水环境及轮虫群落结构的影响,于2015年10月至2016年9月,对广州市暨南大学校园两个小型湖泊——明湖和南湖进行了周年调查.明湖无水生植物生长,南湖3—10月有水生植物轮叶黑藻生长,其中6—9月为植物旺盛生长时期.调查发现: 两湖共记录轮虫50种,分属于23个属,其中臂尾轮属、异尾轮属和腔轮属种类较多,均有8种.明湖记录轮虫32种,南湖记录39种. 明湖优势种主要有广布多肢轮虫、暗小异尾轮虫和微型多突轮虫;南湖优势种主要有螺形龟甲轮虫、爱德里亚狭甲轮虫和囊形腔轮虫.明湖轮虫丰度在2015年10月最高,达到3790 ind·L^-1,2016年3月最低,为854 ind·L^-1.南湖轮虫丰度在2015年11月最高,达到3555 ind·L^-1,2016年1月最低,为977 ind·L^-1.相似性分析表明,明湖与南湖水体轮虫群落结构差异显著,其中螺形龟甲轮虫为两湖群落结构差异贡献率最高的物种,其次为广布多肢轮虫.冗余分析表明,明湖轮虫群落结构主要受总磷、叶绿素a、水温的影响;南湖水生植物旺盛生长期,轮虫群落结构受总磷、温度、叶绿素a、深度的影响较大,优势种为底栖的无棘鳞冠轮虫、爱德里亚狭甲轮虫和囊形腔轮虫;水生植物开始生长时期主要受总氮和透明度的影响,优势种为浮游的广布多肢轮虫和等棘异尾轮虫;而无水生植物生长期主要受pH和溶解氧的影响较大,优势种亦为浮游性种,广布多肢轮虫、裂痕龟纹轮虫等.水生植物生长可有效降低N、P营养盐浓度,改善水质,增加空间异质性,支持更多轮虫种类生存,对水域生态系统的稳定具有重要作用.     

水蕹菜浮床对草鱼主养池塘轮虫群落结构的影响

研究了水蕹菜浮床对草鱼主养池塘轮虫群落结构的影响,共检出轮虫38种,隶属于2纲14属,其中浮床池塘出现轮虫36种,而非浮床池塘28种。浮床池塘与非浮床池塘的优势种组成基本类似,萼花臂尾轮虫（Brachionus calyciflorus）、裂足臂尾轮虫（Brachionus diversicornis）、裂痕龟纹轮虫（Anuraeopsis fissa）、暗小异尾轮虫（Trichocerca pusilla）以及长肢多肢轮虫（Polyarthra dolichoptera）为共有优势种;浮床池塘与非浮床池塘的轮虫平均密度分别为1892和2255 ind./L,差异极显著（p0.01）;浮床池塘与非浮床池塘轮虫平均生物量分别为1.535和1.405 mg/L,差异不显著（p0.05）。结果表明,水蕹菜浮床显著促进了轮虫种类数增加,提高了轮虫多样性和均匀度,并在一定程度上减缓了轮虫小型化。       

水蕹菜浮床对草鱼主养池塘轮虫群落结构的影响简

研究了水蕹菜浮床对草鱼主养池塘轮虫群落结构的影响,共检出轮虫38种,隶属于2纲14属,其中浮床池塘出现轮虫36种,而非浮床池塘28种。浮床池塘与非浮床池塘的优势种组成基本类似,萼花臂尾轮虫(Brachionus calyciflorus)、裂足臂尾轮虫(Brachionus diversicornis)、裂痕龟纹轮虫(Anuraeopsis fissa)、暗小异尾轮虫(Trichocerca pusilla)以及长肢多肢轮虫(Polyarthra dolichoptera)为共有优势种;浮床池塘与非浮床池塘的轮虫平均密度分别为1892和2255 ind./L,差异极显著(P0.01);浮床池塘与非浮床池塘轮虫平均生物量分别为1.535和1.405 mg/L,差异不显著(P0.05)。结果表明,水蕹菜浮床显著促进了轮虫种类数增加,提高了轮虫多样性和均匀度,并在一定程度上减缓了轮虫小型化。     

鲥鯸淀浮游动物群落特征及水质评价

为掌握白洋淀典型湖泊鲥鯸淀浮游动物群落结构及水体营养状况, 于2018年秋季、2019年春季和夏季对该淀的浮游动物群落组成、密度、生物量和多样性进行调查研究, 分析了主要水质理化指标, 运用多变量统计方法分析浮游动群落结构与主要环境因子关系。共鉴定浮游动物3类52种, 其中轮虫类种类数最多, 为33种, 占64.46%。共鉴定优势种23种, 其中15个优势种为轮虫; 浮游动物密度秋季最高, 生物量夏季最高。冗余分析表明, 氨氮、COD和总磷是轮虫群落分布的主要影响因子。综合多样性指数与水质指标评估鲥鯸淀水域处于中度污染状态。研究可为白洋淀生境保护和渔业资源的可持续利用提供科学依据。     

A Unique Protease Cleavage Site Predicted in the Spike Protein of the Novel Pneumonia Coronavirus (2019-nCoV) Potentially Related to Viral Transmissibility

正Dear Editor,In December 2019, a novel human coronavirus caused an epidemic of severe pneumonia(Coronavirus Disease 2019,COVID-19) in Wuhan, Hubei, China(Wu et al. 2020; Zhu et al. 2020). So far, this virus has spread to all areas of China and even to other countries. The epidemic has caused 67,102 confirmed infections with 1526 fatal cases     

Curcuminoids as inhibitors of thioredoxin reductase: A receptor based pharmacophore study with distance mapping of the active site

Curcumin is the yellow pigment of turmeric that interacts irreversibly forming an adduct with thioredoxin reductase (TrxR), an enzyme responsible for redox control of cell and defence against oxidative stress. Docking at both the active sites of TrxR was performed to compare the potency of three naturally occurring curcuminoids, namely curcumin, demethoxy curcumin and bis-demethoxy curcumin. Results show that active sites of TrxR occur at the junction of E and F chains. Volume and area of both cavities is predicted. It has been concluded by distance mapping of the most active conformations that Se atom of catalytic residue SeCYS498, is at a distance of 3.56 from C13 of demethoxy curcumin at the E chain active site, whereas C13 carbon atom forms adduct with Se atom of SeCys 498. We report that at least one methoxy group in curcuminoids is necessary for interation with catalytic residues of thioredoxin. Pharmacophore of both active sites of the TrxR receptor for curcumin and demethoxy curcumin molecules has been drawn and proposed for design and synthesis of most probable potent antiproliferative synthetic drugs.     

Comparative morphology of the carpel in the Liliaceae: Hewardieae, Petrosavieae, and Tricyrteae

The young pistils in the melanthioid tribes, Hewardieae, Petrosavieae and Tricyrteae, are uniformly tricarpellate and syncarpous. They lack raphide idioblasts. All are multiovulate, with bitegmic ovules. The Petrosavieae are marked by the presence of septal glands and incomplete syncarpy. Tepals and stamens adhere to the ovary in the Hewardieae and the Petrosavieae but not in the Tricyrteae. Two vascular bundles occur in the stamens of the Hewartlieae and Tricyrtis latifolia. Ventral bundles in the upper part of the ovary of the Hewardieae are continuous with compound septal bundles and placental bundles in the lower part. Putative ventral bundles occur in the alternate position in the Tricyrteae and putative placental bundles in the opposite. position in the Petrosavieae. The dichtomously branched stigma in each carpel of the Tricyrteae is supplied by a bifurcated dorsal bundle.     

Enterovirus 71 3C proteolytically processes the histone H3 N-terminal tail during infection

Highlights
1. The N-terminal tail of histone H3 is specifically cleaved during EV71 infection.
2. Viral protease 3C is identified as a protease responsible for proteolytically processing the N-terminal H3 tail.
3. Our finding reveals a new epigenetic regulatory mechanism for Enterovirus 71 in virus-host interactions.     

Detection of EBV and HHV6 in the Brain Tissue of Patients with Rasmussen’s Encephalitis

Rasmussen’s encephalitis (RE) is a rare pediatric neurological disorder, and the exact etiology is not clear. Viral infection may be involved in the pathogenesis of RE, but conflicting results have reported. In this study, we evaluated the expression of both Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) and human herpes virus (HHV) 6 antigens in brain sections from 30 patients with RE and 16 control individuals by immunohistochemistry. In the RE group, EBV and HHV6 antigens were detected in 56.7% (17/30) and 50% (15/30) of individuals, respectively. In contrast, no detectable EBV and HHV6 antigen expression was found in brain tissues of the control group. The co-expression of EBV and HHV6 was detected in 20.0% (6/30) of individuals. In particular, a 4-year-old boy had a typical clinical course, including a medical history of viral encephalitis, intractable epilepsy, and hemispheric atrophy. The co-expression of EBV and HHV6 was detected in neurons and astrocytes in the brain tissue, accompanied by a high frequency of CD8⁺ T cells. Our results suggest that EBV and HHV6 infection and the activation of CD8⁺ T cells are involved in the pathogenesis of RE.     

Perinatal Vertical Transmission of Chikungunya Virus in Ruili,a Town on the Border between China and Myanmar

正Dear Editor,Chikungunya virus (CHIKV), an arbovirus in the family of Togaviridae, genus Alphavirus, is transmitted by the A.aegyptii or A. albopictus mosquito, and causes disease in humans characterized by fever, rash, and arthralgia (Silva and Dermody 2017; Suhrbier 2019). It was first reported in 1953 in Tanzania, and caused only a few outbreaks and sporadic cases in Africa and Asia in last century. However, in the epidemic in 2004, CHIKV acquired mutations that conferred enhanced transmission by the A. albopictus mosquito(Schuffenecker et al. 2006). Since then, it has successively caused outbreaks in Africa, the Indian Ocean, South East Asia, the South America, and Europe (Zeller et al. 2016).     

Development of a Novel Reverse Transcription Loop-Mediated Isothermal Amplification Method for Rapid Detection of SARS-CoV-2

In conclusion, the novel visual RT-LAMP assay is a simple, rapid, and sensitive approach for detection of SARS-CoV-2, and it is ready for application in primary care and community hospitals or health care centers, and even patients' own houses in response to the current SARS-CoV-2 epidemic because the assay does not require sophisticated equipment and skilled personnel. Furthermore, it is also ready to be used in fields for screening samples from wild animals and environments to facilitate the identification of potential intermediate hosts that mediate the cross-species transmission of SARS-CoV-2 from bats to humans.