沙颍河流域浮游动物群落结构空间变化特征与水质评价

为了解沙颍河流域浮游动物的群落结构及水质状况, 于2016年秋季对该流域设置了20个采样点, 进行浮游动物群落结构调查, 并利用生物多样性指数对水质进行评价。结果显示: 沙颍河流域共检测出浮游动物36属78种, 其中轮虫20属60种、枝角类10属12种、桡足类6属6种; 浮游动物优势种主要为长肢多肢轮虫(Polyarthra dolichoptera)、裂痕龟纹轮虫(Anuraeopsis fissa)、角突臂尾轮虫(Brachionus angularis)、萼花臂尾轮虫(B. calyciflorus)、曲腿龟甲轮虫(KeratelIa valga)和象鼻溞(Bosmina sp.); 浮游动物密度和生物量最大值出现在沙颍河流域上游, 且从上游至下游, 生物量和密度的空间变化趋势相一致, 大致呈现逐渐降低的趋势; 检测位点Shannon-Wiener 多样性指数的范围为1.03—3.51, Pielou均匀度指数的变化范围为0.26—0.70。综合分析各采样点的种群和多样性指数反映出沙颍河流域上游水体污染较为严重, 中下游水体为中度污染。水质总体呈现出中度-重度污染。

THE CHARACTERISTICS OF ZOOPLANKTON COMMUNITY AND WATER QUALITY IN THE SHAYING RIVER BASIN

Zooplankton, an important component of aquatic ecosystem, has great value to evaluate water quality. In order to understand the zooplankton community structure and the water quality in the Shaying River Basin, 20 sampling sites were chosen to investigate the zooplankton community structure and the water quality by means of biodiversity index in the autumn of 2016. The results showed that 36 genera and 78 species of zooplankton were monitored, including 20 genera and 60 species of rotifera, 10 genera and 12 species of cladocera, 6 genera and 6 species of copepoda. The main dominant species were Polyarthra dolichoptera, Anuraeopsis fissa, Brachionus angularis, B. calyciflorus, KeratelIa valga and Bosmina sp. The highest density and biomass of zooplankton were in the upstream. The spatial variation trend of biomass and density of zooplankton were consistent from upstream to downstream with a decreasing trend. The Shannon-Wiener index ranged from 1.03 to 3.51, and the Pielou evenness index ranged from 0.26 to 0.70. A comprehensive analysis of the population and diversity index of all sampling sites showed that the pollution was more serious in the upstream, and the middle-downstream was moderate pollution. The results indicated that the water quality of the Shaying River Basin was moderate to heavy pollution.