江西省赣州市南康区松材线虫病发生特征

松材线虫病是我国南方森林面临的主要灾害之一。本文基于野外调查和高分一号(GF-1)卫星WFV影像数据,采用随机森林模型构建松材线虫病空间识别模型,探究地形、人类活动和林分因子等对病害发生的影响,监测病害空间分布,并采用空间自相关性分析评估江西省赣州市南康区松材线虫病发生特征。结果表明：构建模型对松材线虫病的识别效果良好(AUC值=0.99,总体精度=0.96),可以实现对区域松材线虫病空间分布情况的有效监测;归一化差异绿度指数(NDGI)、距高速公路的距离、归一化植被指数(NDVI)是重要的建模因子;空间自相关性分析表明,松材线虫病的发生存在明显的空间正相关性即空间聚集性特征;南康区松材线虫病高发生区集中于赤土乡、朱坊镇和十八塘乡,低发生区集中于蓉江街道附近;分析变量的边际效应发现,离高速公路远、离县道近的低海拔地段是松材线虫病易发区域。研究结果可服务于区域松材线虫病分布的快速监测,对该病害防治和管理具有一定的指导意义。     

应用空间点模式方法研究大兴安岭雷击火空间分布格局

林火空间分布格局的研究对于林火发生预测以及理解林火在森林景观变化过程中的作用具有重要的意义.运用空间点模式方法对大兴安岭地区1988～2005年间雷击火发生情况进行了统计分析进而确定雷击火空间分布情况,研究结果表明大兴安岭地区雷击火成聚集分布,并存在雷击火热点地区,其核心区地理坐标分别为123°06′E,52°20′N;123°41′E,51°34′N;124°08′E,50°48′N.     

福建宁德发现凹耳臭蛙

2021年4月在福建宁德蕉城区石墩村采集到3只相同蛙类,通过形态特征鉴定为隶属于无尾目(Anura)蛙科(Ranidae)臭蛙属(Odorrana)的凹耳臭蛙(O.tormota).凹耳臭蛙为中国特有种,之前仅被报道分布于安徽黄山,浙江建德、天台、安吉,江西婺源和江苏宜兴,其纬度分布范围在29°～31° N之间.该物种...     

贵州省发现福建颈斑蛇

正颈斑蛇属(Plagiopholis)辖4种,中国分布有3种,颈斑蛇(P.blakewayi)、缅甸颈斑蛇(P. nuchalis)及福建颈斑蛇(P. styani)(李德俊1986,赵尔宓2006,Zhong et al. 2015)。福建颈斑蛇是小型穴居无毒蛇,已知分布于安徽、福建、甘肃、广西、湖南、江西、四川、浙江(陈壁辉1991,赵尔宓2006)。2016年7月,在贵州省雷公山(108°5′～108°24′E,26°15′～26°32′N)采集到成体雄性蛇类标本1号(采集号:HS16154),经鉴定该标本为游蛇科(Colubridae)颈斑蛇属福建颈斑蛇(图1),为贵州省爬行动物分布新记录种。     

中国新纪录纵纹谷蛾属(鳞翅目,谷蛾科)记述

首次报道了纵纹谷蛾属Amorophaga Zagulajev,1968及日本纵纹谷蛾A.japonica Robinson,1986在中国的分布.首次描述了日本纵纹谷蛾雌性个体,简要讨论了该种抱器瓣及爪形突的变异,并提供了成虫及外生殖器图.日本纵纹谷蛾Amorophaga japonica Robinson,1986中国新纪录(图1～7)本种与A.cryptophori外形上相似,但可根据雌雄外生殖器特征进行区分:本种雄性外生殖器爪形突基部不特化,小叶末端具2或3枚小刺突,抱器瓣背缘具1粗指状小叶,不达抱器瓣末端,雌性外生殖器第8背板后缘不特化;而A.cryptophori雄性外生殖器爪形突基部特化形成l对形似颚形突的突起,小叶末端不具刺突,抱器瓣背缘具1宽叶,超过抱器瓣末端,雌性外生殖器第8背板后缘特化,形成三叶状结构.研究标本:1 ♂,江西上饶三清山(28°93′N,118°09′E;海拔389 rn),2012-05-15,李锦伟采,玻片号YLL12129;1 ♂,浙江清凉峰龙塘山(30°07′N,118°51′E;海拔500 m),2012-05-22,杨琳琳、张振国采,玻片号YLL12113m,YLL12113w;1 ♂,福建武夷山三港(27°45′N,117°41′E;海拔740 m),2004-05-19,于海丽采,玻片号MYH11006;1 ♂,1♀,广东连州大东山(24°46′N,112°41′E;海拔650m),2004-06-21,张丹丹采,玻片号XYL08043m,YLL11046f.分布:中国(浙江、福建、江西、广东);日本.     

中国根瘿蚊属新纪录及两新种记述(双翅目,瘿蚊科)

对根瘿蚊属Rhizomyia Kieffer的属征进行修订,并记述采自云南、贵州、海南和福建的该属两新种,分别命名为细叉根瘿蚊Rhizomyia leptodicrata sp.nov.和新月根瘿蚊Rhizomyia meniscata sp.nov..模式标本保存于南开大学昆虫标本馆.细叉根瘿蚊,新种R阮脚驴h卸todicrata sp.nov.(图1～5,9～13)新种与分布于俄罗斯的俄根瘿蚊R.rossica Mamaev&Zaitzev和塔根瘿蚊兄turr~ormis Fedotova&Sidorenko以及分布中国的新月根瘿蚊Rhiwmyiz meniscata sp.nov.在雄性成虫阳茎上的特征相似,但区别明显:新种雄性成虫阳茎端部具两个细长的尖锐突起,而R.觚豇∞雄性成虫阳茎端部具两个圆突,R.turnformis雄性成虫阳茎端部具两个分叉状的突起,R.meniscata雄性成虫阳茎端部具两个角状尖突.正模♂,云南普洱(思茅)菜阳河保护区(22.48°N,100.58°E;海拔1500m),2002-05-17,卜文俊马氏网捕.副模:1♂,同正模;4♂ ♂,云南普洱(思茅)菜阳河保护区倮倮新寨山(22.48°N,100.58°E),2002-05-23,其它同正模.词源:新种种名leptodicrata为一阴性复合拉丁形容词,意为“细长分叉的”,指该种雄性成虫阳茎端部呈细长分叉状.新月根瘿蚊,新种R阮z埘秒谊meniscata sp.nov.(图6～8,14 ～18)新种与近似种区别如上.正模♂,贵州梵净山(27.5°N,108.4°E;海拔1 350 m),2002-05-29,王新谱马氏网捕.副模:1 ♂,海南坝王岭(19°N,109°E;海拔900 m),1988-05-10,卜文俊灯诱;1♂,福建武夷山桐木七里桥(27.7°N,117.6°E;海拔1000 m),1993-04-30,卜文俊捕.词源:新种种名meniscata为一阴性拉丁形容词,意为“新月形的”,指该种雄性成虫阳茎端部背腹向呈新月形.     

松材线虫病发生点格局及影响因素

松材线虫病在中国大陆造成了巨大的生态与经济价值损失,南方地区尤为严重,分析松材线虫病空间分布、量化环境因素对其发生的影响对于松材线虫病的防控整治具有重要意义。本研究以江西省赣州市南康区松材线虫病为研究对象,采用核平滑密度、Ripley’s K函数、点过程模拟等空间点格局分析方法,探讨了区域松材线虫病发生的空间格局及其对环境变量的响应。结果表明: 研究区松材线虫病的发生不是随机分布,而是存在显著的空间聚集区。地形因子、植被因子和人类活动因子是影响松材线虫病空间异质性分布的主要因素。空间点格局分析表明,海拔、坡度、距最近道路距离、道路密度、距最近居民点距离、郁闭度和植被类型对松材线虫病的发生具有重要影响。在森林病害管理中,除了加强因人类活动引起病害传播源的管控外,还应该考虑地形、植被类型等特征进行松材线虫病害的综合预警监测。     

基于MaxEnt模型预测四川省松材线虫的潜在适生区

松材线虫Bursaphelenchus xylophilus是我国重要的林业检疫性有害生物之一,由其引发的松材线虫病已造成巨大的经济损失,严重阻碍了林业的健康发展。研究并明确松材线虫在四川省的潜在适生区,对四川省有关部门制定该病害的早期监测、预警及防控具有一定的参考意义。本文基于2009—2018年四川省林业有害生物普查数据中松材线虫病和松墨天牛Monochamus alternatus的实际地理分布数据(松材线虫病:n=208,松墨天牛:n=803)及19个环境变量数据,利用MaxEnt模型和Arc GIS对松材线虫在四川省的潜在分布区进行预测,并用ROC曲线分析法检测模型模拟精度、用刀切法检测变量的重要性及其适宜值。结果表明:松材线虫在四川省的潜在最佳适生区主要分布在宜宾市、广安市、达州市、自贡市、西昌市,以及乐山市和眉山市的交界区,面积为36 541 km^2;影响松材线虫分布的主要环境变量为最干季均温(适值范围1. 5～8. 0℃,最适值6. 4℃)、季节性降水变异系数(适值范围22. 5%～34. 0%,最适值34. 0%)、最冷月最低温(适值范围0. 4～2. 5℃,最适值1. 9℃)、海拔(适值范围250～5 500 m,最适值450 m)、年温差(适值范围5. 9～9. 1℃,最适值5. 9℃)和年降水量(适值范围64～135 mm,最适值68 mm)。     

云南老君山发现福建华珊瑚蛇

<正>2014年4月20日,在云南省麻栗坡县老君山的季风常绿阔叶林(22°57′0.97″N,104°36′17.27″E,海拔1 218 m)采集到蛇类标本1号,经鉴定为福建华珊瑚蛇(Sinomicrurus kelloggi,图1)。该物种国内已知分布于安徽、浙江、福建、江西、湖南、海南、广东、广西、贵州和重庆,国外分布于越南和老挝。本次发现为云南省首次发现。标本现保存在国家林业局昆明勘察设计院标本室。     

河南省鸟类新纪录——震63鸦雀、红胸黑雁

2006年1月1日15:00时左右,在河南黄河湿地自然保护区孟津老城黄河高速桥东约50m(34°51′6″N,112°38′8″E)黄河南岸的芦苇丛中,发现5只震旦鸦雀(Parsdoxornis heudei).震旦鸦雀属雀形目(Passeriformes)鸦雀科(Parsdoxornithidae)鸦雀属,共有2个亚种,指名亚种(P.h.heudei)分布于湖北、江西西北部、江苏、上海、浙江,黑龙江亚种(P.h.polivanovi)分布于黑龙江、辽宁、河北、天津、内蒙古东北部(郑光美,2005).震旦鸦雀被<中国物种红色名录>列为近危(NT)物种(汪松,解焱,2004),在绝大多数分布区并不常见.在分布地为留鸟.这是首次在河南省被记录.     

Curcuminoids as inhibitors of thioredoxin reductase: A receptor based pharmacophore study with distance mapping of the active site

Curcumin is the yellow pigment of turmeric that interacts irreversibly forming an adduct with thioredoxin reductase (TrxR), an enzyme responsible for redox control of cell and defence against oxidative stress. Docking at both the active sites of TrxR was performed to compare the potency of three naturally occurring curcuminoids, namely curcumin, demethoxy curcumin and bis-demethoxy curcumin. Results show that active sites of TrxR occur at the junction of E and F chains. Volume and area of both cavities is predicted. It has been concluded by distance mapping of the most active conformations that Se atom of catalytic residue SeCYS498, is at a distance of 3.56 from C13 of demethoxy curcumin at the E chain active site, whereas C13 carbon atom forms adduct with Se atom of SeCys 498. We report that at least one methoxy group in curcuminoids is necessary for interation with catalytic residues of thioredoxin. Pharmacophore of both active sites of the TrxR receptor for curcumin and demethoxy curcumin molecules has been drawn and proposed for design and synthesis of most probable potent antiproliferative synthetic drugs.     

A Unique Protease Cleavage Site Predicted in the Spike Protein of the Novel Pneumonia Coronavirus (2019-nCoV) Potentially Related to Viral Transmissibility

正Dear Editor,In December 2019, a novel human coronavirus caused an epidemic of severe pneumonia(Coronavirus Disease 2019,COVID-19) in Wuhan, Hubei, China(Wu et al. 2020; Zhu et al. 2020). So far, this virus has spread to all areas of China and even to other countries. The epidemic has caused 67,102 confirmed infections with 1526 fatal cases     

Comparative morphology of the carpel in the Liliaceae: Hewardieae, Petrosavieae, and Tricyrteae

The young pistils in the melanthioid tribes, Hewardieae, Petrosavieae and Tricyrteae, are uniformly tricarpellate and syncarpous. They lack raphide idioblasts. All are multiovulate, with bitegmic ovules. The Petrosavieae are marked by the presence of septal glands and incomplete syncarpy. Tepals and stamens adhere to the ovary in the Hewardieae and the Petrosavieae but not in the Tricyrteae. Two vascular bundles occur in the stamens of the Hewartlieae and Tricyrtis latifolia. Ventral bundles in the upper part of the ovary of the Hewardieae are continuous with compound septal bundles and placental bundles in the lower part. Putative ventral bundles occur in the alternate position in the Tricyrteae and putative placental bundles in the opposite. position in the Petrosavieae. The dichtomously branched stigma in each carpel of the Tricyrteae is supplied by a bifurcated dorsal bundle.     

鸡传染性法氏囊病病毒研究进展

传染性法氏囊病(Infection bursal disease, IBD)是由鸡传染性法氏囊病毒(Infectious bursal disease virus, IBDV)引起的鸡和火鸡的一种高度接触性传染病,给世界各国的禽养殖业带来了巨大损失.自IBDV发现至今新的变异株不断出现,分子结构的改变导致病毒致病力的改变及宿主对疫苗应答的改变,使得传统的疫苗已不能控制其流行,因此各国学者对其基因组结构和功能进行了广泛深入的研究,并积极研制新型有效的疫苗以达到防治的目的.     

Development of a Novel Reverse Transcription Loop-Mediated Isothermal Amplification Method for Rapid Detection of SARS-CoV-2

In conclusion, the novel visual RT-LAMP assay is a simple, rapid, and sensitive approach for detection of SARS-CoV-2, and it is ready for application in primary care and community hospitals or health care centers, and even patients' own houses in response to the current SARS-CoV-2 epidemic because the assay does not require sophisticated equipment and skilled personnel. Furthermore, it is also ready to be used in fields for screening samples from wild animals and environments to facilitate the identification of potential intermediate hosts that mediate the cross-species transmission of SARS-CoV-2 from bats to humans.     

Perinatal Vertical Transmission of Chikungunya Virus in Ruili,a Town on the Border between China and Myanmar

正Dear Editor,Chikungunya virus (CHIKV), an arbovirus in the family of Togaviridae, genus Alphavirus, is transmitted by the A.aegyptii or A. albopictus mosquito, and causes disease in humans characterized by fever, rash, and arthralgia (Silva and Dermody 2017; Suhrbier 2019). It was first reported in 1953 in Tanzania, and caused only a few outbreaks and sporadic cases in Africa and Asia in last century. However, in the epidemic in 2004, CHIKV acquired mutations that conferred enhanced transmission by the A. albopictus mosquito(Schuffenecker et al. 2006). Since then, it has successively caused outbreaks in Africa, the Indian Ocean, South East Asia, the South America, and Europe (Zeller et al. 2016).     

Enterovirus 71 3C proteolytically processes the histone H3 N-terminal tail during infection

Highlights
1. The N-terminal tail of histone H3 is specifically cleaved during EV71 infection.
2. Viral protease 3C is identified as a protease responsible for proteolytically processing the N-terminal H3 tail.
3. Our finding reveals a new epigenetic regulatory mechanism for Enterovirus 71 in virus-host interactions.