野生及笼养猕猴SV40T抗原基因检测方法的建立

目的建立猴外周血单核细胞SV40DNA的PCR检测方法,对猕猴SV40T抗原基因进行检测。方法使用PCR方法对分别来自野外（云南宁蒗71只、景东60只）及笼养猕猴（64只）的SV40大T抗原基因进行检测,同时对扩增出的阳性结果进行测序。结果在195份样本中,有4只来自野生猴样本扩增出SV40大T抗原基因（3．1％,4／131）,1只来自笼养猴样本扩增出SV40大T抗原基因（1．6％,1／64）。测序结果显示：猴血样本扩增片段序列与GenBank中的SV40大T抗原C-末端的基因序列片段有15个核苷酸不同（3．3％差异）,与SV40．776标准株的序列基本一致,但SV40—776在nt3020处有一缺口。结论云南野生及笼养猕猴猴群均能检出SV40T抗原基因。因此建立SV40病毒的DNA检测技术,对用于科研及疫苗生产的实验猕猴的病毒学质量控制具有重要意义。     

鼠疫菌PsaA抗原的表达及抗体制备和应用

目的：制备鼠疫菌PsaA抗原及抗体,建立针对PsaA抗体的快速检测方法,并检测鼠疫感染猴血清标本中的PsaA抗体的阳性率。方法：利用PCR方法扩增出PsaA蛋白基因片段,在大肠杆菌原核表达系统中表达出重组PsaA抗原,以镍柱亲和层析纯化包涵体形式的表达蛋白,以尿素梯度透析复性成可溶蛋白。再以表达蛋白为免疫原,常规免疫家兔,收集兔血清制备多抗,并以正辛酸-硫酸铵法提纯获得PsaA抗体IgG。利用得到的PsaA抗原和抗体为材料,建立两种检测PsaA抗体的快速检测方法,即间接ELISA法和上转换发光（Up-converting Phospher Technology,UPT）免疫层析试纸条法。最后利用这两种方法检测18份猴血清标本中的PsaA抗体。结果：鼠疫菌感染猴血清标本中PsaA抗体的阳性率为62%（8/13）。结论：成功建立了针对鼠疫菌PsaA抗体的快速检测方法,并检测到13份鼠疫感染猴血清标本中的PsaA抗体的阳性率为62%。     

鼠疫菌PsaA 抗原的表达及抗体制备和应用

目的:制备鼠疫菌PsaA抗原及抗体,建立针对PsaA抗体的快速检测方法,并检测鼠疫感染猴血清标本中的PsaA抗体的阳性率。方法:利用PCR方法扩增出PsaA蛋白基因片段,在大肠杆菌原核表达系统中表达出重组PsaA抗原,以镍柱亲和层析纯化包涵体形式的表达蛋白,以尿素梯度透析复性成可溶蛋白。再以表达蛋白为免疫原,常规免疫家兔,收集兔血清制备多抗,并以正辛酸-硫酸铵法提纯获得PsaA抗体IgG。利用得到的PsaA抗原和抗体为材料,建立两种检测PsaA抗体的快速检测方法,即间接ELISA法和上转换发光(Up-converting Phospher Technology,UPT)免疫层析试纸条法。最后利用这两种方法检测18份猴血清标本中的PsaA抗体。结果:鼠疫菌感染猴血清标本中PsaA抗体的阳性率为62%(8/13)。结论:成功建立了针对鼠疫菌PsaA抗体的快速检测方法,并检测到13份鼠疫感染猴血清标本中的PsaA抗体的阳性率为62%。     

猴副流感病毒SV5 PCR检测方法的建立与初步应用

目的建立检测SV5的PCR方法并加以初步应用。方法根据GenBank中报道的SV5序列,针对其中的SH基因设计引物进行PCR反应,扩增产物进行测序并用BLAST软件进行同源性比对,同时利用限制性内切酶的酶切反应以证实此PCR反应的特异性。在此基础上设计巢式PCR提高此方法的灵敏度。利用此方法对20份猴肾源细胞培养物和40份血清标本进行检测。结果利用设计的引物扩增出的序列测序结果证实与报道的SV5SH基因相对位置的序列一致。AccⅢ限制性内切酶可对PCR产物进行特异性酶切。巢式PCR比一次PCR的敏感度有所提高。用此方法检测的20份猴肾源细胞培养物和40份血清标本结果为阴性。结论初步建立了检测SV5病毒的PCR方法,排除实验室用20份猴肾源细胞培养物和40份血清标本SV5的污染。     

猴副流感病毒SV5的PCR检测方法建立及初步应用

[目的]建立检测SV5的PCR方法并加以初步应用。[方法]根据Genbank中报道的SV5序列,针对其中的SH基因设计引物进行PCR反应,扩增产物进行测序并用BLAST软件进行同源性比对,同时利用限制性内切酶的酶切反应以证实此PCR反应的特异性。在此基础上设计巢式PCR提高此方法的灵敏度。利用此方法对20份猴肾源细胞培养物和40份血清标本进行检测。[结果]利用设计的引物扩增出的序列测序结果证实与报道的SV5SH基因相对位置的序列一致。AccIII限制性内切酶可对PCR产物进行特异性酶切。巢式PCR比一次PCR的敏感度有所提高。用此方法检测的20份猴肾源细胞培养物和40份血清标本结果为阴性。[结论]本文首次初步建立了检测SV5病毒的PCR方法,排除实验室用20份猴肾源细胞培养物和40份血清标本SV5的污染。     

广州地区人腺病毒5型血清流行病学初步调查

目的评估广州地区人群中人腺病毒5型(HAdV-5)先存中和抗体的流行情况。方法采用以β-半乳糖苷酶(LacZ)为报告基因,结合CMV启动子的人重组腺病毒5型,使用化学发光法,检测了209份免疫功能正常的成人血清样本中HAdV-5的中和抗体阳性率情况。结果 HAdV-5中和抗体的阳性率为82.3%(172/209)。HAdV-5中和抗体在<1/20(低滴度)、1/40-1/160(中滴度)、1/320-1/1280(高滴度)、>1/1280(超高滴度)时均能检测到,而且随着滴度的增加,阳性率逐渐升高。在20～40岁时HAdV-5中和抗体阳性率最高,在<20岁时HAdV-5阳性率最低。结论广州地区人群中针对HAdV-5的先存中和抗体阳性率高,应用基于该种DNA病毒作为载体进行基因疫苗及基因治疗的研究时,具有一定的局限性。     

虎血清H5 亚型流感病毒抗体调查

为查明我国圈养虎群中H5 亚型流感病毒的流行情况,应用血凝抑制(HI)方法检测了1998 ～ 2009 年间采集于哈尔滨、宜昌、桂林、唐山、上海和郑州等地的309 份虎血清样品的H5 亚型流感病毒抗体效价。结果发现1998 年4 月至2002 年4 月采集的20 份血清样品全部为H5 亚型流感病毒HI 抗体阴性。在2002 年7 月至2003
年6 月采样于上海、唐山、哈尔滨的34 只虎中,有31 只曾出现过高热、抽搐和肺炎症状,其中24 只虎的血清样品H5 亚型流感病毒HI 抗体呈阳性(抗体效价1∶ 10 ～ 1∶ 320),2 只无临床症状虎也为抗体阳性。对2004 年随机采集自哈尔滨的220 份血清样品调查发现抗体阳性率可达25.9% ,其中28 只有临床高热与肺炎病史的虎中有14 只抗体呈阳性(抗体效价1∶ 10 ～1∶ 80),其余无病史的192 只虎中有43 只抗体阳性。2009 年8 月采集的35 份血清中仅有3 份H5 阳性,抗体阳性率下降为8.6% 。上述结果表明H5 亚型流感病毒能够感染虎并对圈养虎的健康构成威胁,而且其公共卫生意义更值得关注。     

用重组Epstein-Barr病毒早期蛋白P83为抗原检测鼻咽癌病人血清中IgA抗体

以重组EB病毒早期蛋白P83为抗原,用Western blot检测了135份鼻咽癌病人和100份正常人血清中IgA/P83抗体,阳性率分别为96％和0,以常规的间接免疫酶法检测这两种血清中IgA/EA抗体,阳性率分别为71％和0。IgA/P83抗体的几何平均滴度较IgA/EA高4倍以上。这表明,用Western blot查IgA/P83敏感、特异,可替代用间接免疫酶法查IgA/EA用于鼻咽癌的早期诊断。     

猴B病毒抗体ELISA检测方法的建立和应用研究

目的　建立猴B病毒抗体ELISA检测方法。方法　采用方阵滴定法 ,比较不同血清稀释度、3种酶结合物、2种抗原对检测结果的影响 ,与国外同类参比实验室进行检测结果的比较 ,确定ELISA法的最佳实验条件。结果　HSV抗原包被浓度 10 μg ml,抗人IgG HRP为 1∶2 0 0 0时 ;或B病毒抗原包被浓度 10 μg ml,抗人IgG HRP为1∶4 0 0 0时 ,阴性血清和阳性血清的A值差距最大。与国外B病毒检测专业实验室的检测结果符合率分别为98 0 2 %和 97 5 2 %。结论　建立了猴B病毒抗体的ELISA检测方法 ,提高了检测方法的准确性。     

猴 B 病毒血清学和 PCR 检测结果比较

目的：比较猴B病毒血清抗体和病毒PCR检测结果,阐明动物感染后病毒在机体内的存在状况。方法：采集成年猴血清和三叉神经组织,首先通过ELISA方法检测血清中B病毒抗体,然后采用B病毒舡和徊基因引物通过PCR方法扩增血清DNA和三叉神经组织DNA,比较2种方法的检测结果,并对扩增产物进行序列分析。结果：22份猴血清中,B病毒抗体呈阳性的有13份（59．1％）;PCR结果显示,抗体阴性动物及所有血清DNA模板中均无阳性扩增,但在13份抗体阳性动物的三叉神经组织DNA样品中,PCR阳性4份（30．8％）;gL和gD基因扩增条件及产物分析表明,舡基因的GC含量为64．1％,gD为74．2％,且舡的扩增条件和效果明显优于gD。结论：B病毒感染猴后,将在部分动物神经节中建立潜伏,而础基因更适合作为分子鉴定的靶标。     

Purification of SV40 T-antigen by SV40 DNA-sepharose affinity chromatography

T-antigen from SV40-infected BSC-1 cells was purified approximately 30,000 fold using a rapid purification procedure consisting of ammonium sulfate fractionation followed by chromatography on hydroxylapatite, blue-sepharose, and SV40 DNA-sepharose. The SV40 DNA-sepharose was optimized for the binding of T-antigen by the covalent attachment of the SV40 DNA at its BamHI site to cyanogen bromide activated sepharose. The most highly purified T-antigen appeared as a single polypeptide of 94 K daltons by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis.     

SV40 T-antigen is a histocompatibility antigen of SV40-transgenic mice

Although the extensive family of non-H-2 histocompatibility (H) antigens provides a formidable barrier to transplantation, the origin of their encoding genes are unknown. Recent studies have demonstrated both the linkage between H genes and retroviral sequences and the ability of integrated Moloney-murine leukemia virus to encode what is operationally defined as a non-H-2 H antigen. The experiments described in this communication reveal that skin grafts from an SV40 T-antigen transgenic C57BL/6 mouse strain are rejected by coisogenic C57BL/6 recipients with a median survival time of 49 days, which is comparable to those of many previously defined non-H-2 H antigens. The specificity of this response for SV40 T-antigen was demonstrated by the identification of SV40 T-antigen-specific cytolytic T lymphocytes and antibodies in multiply-grafted recipients. Although these cytolytic T lymphocytes could detect SV40 T-antigen on syngeneic SV40-transformed fibroblasts, they neither could be stimulated by splenic lymphocytes from T-antigen transgenics nor could they lyse lymphoblast targets from T-antigen transgenics. These observations suggest a limited tissue distribution of SV40 T-antigen in these transgenics. These results confirm the role of viral genes in the determination of non-H-2 histocompatibility antigenes by the strict criteria that such antigenes stimulate (1) tissue graft rejection and (2) generation of cytolytic T lymphocytes. Furthermore, they suggest that the SV40 enhancer and promoter region can target expression of SV-40 T-antigen to skin cells of transgenic animals.     

Expression of SV40 tumor antigen in SV40 transformed teratocarcinoma-derived cell lines

The relative importance of viral tumor antigen expression and the cellular background in the maintenance of a transformation phenotype was examined in five SV40-transformed teratocarcinoma-derived cell lines. These cell lines show qualitative differences in growth characteristics associated with transformation, and vary in their state of differentiation. Viral T antigen expression was evaluated by two criteria: 1) the amount of immunoprecipitated antigen in growing cells, and 2) the amount and rate of antigen synthesis in density-inhibited cells. There was no direct correlation found between retention, or rate of synthesis, of the viral T antigen and the degree of transformation. These findings imply that the cellular environment has a more important influence on the growth properties of a stably transformed cell than the quantitative levels of viral T antigen expression.     

SV40-immortalized human fibroblasts as a source of SV40 infectious virions

Human fibroblasts immortalized by Simian Virus 40 (SV40) are widely employed for cell and molecular biology model of study. Indeed, SV40 transmission to humans was believed to occur only under exceptional situations. The oncogenic potential of SV40 in laboratory animals is well established, whereas its involvement in human carcinogenesis is still a matter of active investigations. A recent report links SV40 exposure with the development of a brain tumor in a laboratory researcher. In previous studies, episomal viral DNA was detected in SV40 stably transformed and immortalized fibroblast cell lines. In this study, we report molecular and biological characterizations of SV40 DNA in human fibroblast cells. Our results indicate that SV40 is able to establish a persistent infection in long-term immortalized human fibroblasts, resulting in the production of an infectious viral progeny, which is able to infect both monkey and human cells. These data indicate that SV40-immortalized human fibroblasts may represent a source of SV40 infection. To avoid the SV40 infection, careful attention should be given by operators to this SV40-cell model of study.     

Binding studies of SV40 T-antigen to SV40 binding site II.

SV40 T-Antigen binding site II was synthesized, cloned and analyzed for its ability to bind purified SV40 T-antigen. We report the binding constant of T-antigen for isolated site II. Using a filter binding assay the calculated binding constant was 6-8 fold less efficient than site I previously reported. Binding constants were calculated using two methods. The first was a direct calculation using a protein titration curve (KD). The second was by the ratio of measured association and dissociation rates. Both methods gave similar constants. Protection studies with SV40 T-antigen on the T-antigen binding sites in the wild-type array demonstrated that the binding constants of site I and site II are similar to those calculated for the individual sites. These results demonstrate that SV40 T-antigen does not bind cooperatively to sites one and two as earlier believed and are in agreement with recent observations emanating from several laboratories.     

Random integration of SV40 in SV40-transformed, immortalized human fibroblasts

We have studied the relationship between immortalization of SV40-transformed human embryonic fibroblasts and their SV40 integration sites. From several independently transformed cell pools, we have isolated clones which do not harbor unintegrated SV40 DNA. We have analysed whole-cell DNA from these clones, using the Southern blot method. Our results suggest that no specific integration sites in the cellular genome exist which are a prerequisite for the immortalization process. Although some integration sites were found to be predominant in pre-crisis clones, they could not be detected in the post-crisis clones. This suggests that none of these predominating sites is selected for during the crisis period.     

SV40-transformed simian cells support the replication of early SV40 mutants

CV-1, an established line of simian cells permissive for lytic growth of SV40, were transformed by an origin-defective mutant of SV40 which codes for wild-type T antigen. Three transformed lines (COS-1, -3, -7) were established and found to contain T antigen; retain complete permissiveness for lytic growth of SV40; support the replication of tsA209 virus at 40 degrees C; and support the replication of pure populations of SV40 mutants with deletions in the early region. One of the lines (COS-1) contains a single integrated copy of the complete early region of SV40 DNA. These cells are possible hosts for the propagation of pure populations of recombinant SV40 viruses.