两种方法分离纤维蛋白原效果的比较

为了比较冷乙醇沉淀法和离子交换层析法在分离止血胶成分中的纤维蛋白原的效果,本实验将灭活病毒的步骤加在溶解Nitschmann组分I中进行,结果发现0．3％磷酸三丁酯／1％吐温-80不仅具有灭活病毒的作用,而且还能促进纤维蛋白原的溶解;分别用冷乙醇沉淀法和离子交换层析法分离纤维蛋白原,结果两种方法分离的纤维蛋白原均符合止血胶要求。冷乙醇沉淀法分离虽然凝血因子Ⅷ有一定损失,但纤维蛋白原纯度和回收率均高于离子交换层析法的分离效果,这提示冷乙醇沉淀法较离子交换层析法更适于分离止血胶用纤维蛋白原。     

不同电针方法对慢性应激抑郁模型大鼠下丘脑TRH表达的影响

目的:研究分析两种不同电针方法对慢性应激抑郁模型大鼠(CUMS)下丘脑中促甲状腺激素释放激素(TRH)表达的影响。方法:选取60只健康雄性SPF级SD大鼠编号后采用随机数字表法分为对照组(正常喂养)、模型组(仅建立CUMS模型,不予治疗)、观察组A(建立CUMS模型后,脉冲电针治疗)、观察组B(建立CUMS模型后,音乐电针治疗)、氟西汀组(建立CUMS模型后,氟西汀治疗)各12只,对除对照组之外的其他各组大鼠进行1只/笼的孤养结合方式建造CUMS模型,利用开野实验观察各组大鼠行为学改变,采用实时荧光定量(PCR)法测定各组大鼠下丘脑组织中TRH m RNA的表达,采用免疫组化法测定TRH蛋白的表达。结果:在刺激21 d后,模型组大鼠的水平运动次数、垂直运动次数显著的低于对照组、实验组A、实验组B、氟西汀组,且差异均具有统计学意义(P0.05),实验组A、实验组B、氟西汀组大鼠的水平运动次数、垂直运动次数显著低于对照组,且差异均具有统计学意义(P0.05),实验组A、实验组B、氟西汀组大鼠的水平运动次数、垂直运动次数差异无统计学意义(P0.05);模型组大鼠的下丘脑TRH m RNA、TRH蛋白水平低于对照组、实验组A、实验组B、氟西汀组,且差异均具有统计学意义(P0.05),实验组A、实验组B、氟西汀组大鼠的大鼠的下丘脑TRH m RNA、TRH蛋白水平显著低于对照组,且差异均具有统计学意义(P0.05);实验组A、实验组B、氟西汀组大鼠的大鼠的下丘脑TRH m RNA、TRH蛋白水平差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。结论:CUMS大鼠下丘脑中促甲状腺激素释放激素表达水平降低,脉冲电针与音乐电针能有效逆转这一现象,效果相当。     

续骨丹外敷疗法对大鼠胫骨缺损模型血清BMP-2的影响

为观察续骨丹外敷疗法对大鼠胫骨缺损模型血清骨形态发生蛋白-2(BMP-2)表达的影响。给70只SD大鼠右侧胫骨制备1个4 mm缺损,用0.8 mm克氏针内固定。造模1个月后符合标准的大鼠随机分为实验组(药物治疗组)、对照组a(脉冲磁场治疗组)、对照组b(面粉干扰组)和空白组。在干预前、2周、4周后对大鼠右胫骨行X线检查,然后处死动物,收获骨样本,做苏木素-伊红(HE)染色和血清BMP-2检测。干预前,实验组、对照组a、对照组b和空白组,4组大鼠血清BMP-2的含量没有明显差异;干预至第2周时,4组大鼠血清BMP-2的含量与干预前比较均下降,但组间差异均无统计学意义(p0.05);干预4周后,实验组大鼠血清BMP-2的含量高于对照组a、b和空白组,差异均有统计学意义(p0.05),对照组a中BMP-2的含量高于对照组b和空白组,差异均有统计学意义(p0.05),对照组b与空白组比较,差异无统计学意义(p0.05)。4组大鼠血清BMP-2的含量在干预前、2周和4周后的变化趋势是:实验组和对照组a先降后升,对照组b和空白组一直下降。续骨丹外敷疗法和脉冲电磁场疗法在实验干预至第4周时均能上调骨缺损大鼠BMP-2的表达,有利于骨缺损的愈合,但续骨丹外敷疗法对BMP-2的调节作用上明显优于脉冲电磁场。     

慢性重型肝炎患者血浆D-二聚体和纤维蛋白原水平的变化

目的:分析慢性重型肝炎患者血浆D-二聚体和纤维蛋白原水平的变化及其临床意义.方法:应用乳胶比浊法及凝固法分别测定血浆D-二聚体和纤维蛋白原的水平,其中慢性重型肝炎患者40例,慢性肝炎患者28例作为对照组.结果:慢性重型肝炎患者血浆D-二聚体及纤维蛋白原检测异常率分别为62.5％(25/40)、92.5％(37/40),明显高于慢性肝炎组0％(0/28)、28.6％(8/28).慢性重型肝炎患者血浆D-二聚体及纤维蛋白原检测水平分别为3.45± 1.90 μg/mL、1.36± 0.49 g/L,慢性肝炎组患者血浆D-二聚体及纤维蛋白原检测水平分别0.91± 0.47 μg/mL、2.53± 1.02 g/L,组间比较差异有统计学意义.慢性重型肝炎组患者27例死亡,13例好转出院,死亡组患者血浆D-二聚体异常率74.1％ (20/27),检测水平为3.92± 1.76μg/mL,纤维蛋白原异常率100％(27/27),检测水平为1.17± 0.4 g/L;好转组患者血浆D-二聚体异常率38.5％(5/13),检测水平为2.48± 1.88 μg/mL,纤维蛋白原异常率为76.9％(10/13),检测水平为1.74± 0.44 g/L,差别有统计学意义.结论:慢性重型肝炎患者血浆D-二聚体水平明显增高,纤维蛋白原明显下降,并与患者的病情严重程度及预后相关,检测血浆D-二聚体和纤维蛋白原水平可以作为慢性重型肝炎患者病情轻重及预后判断的临床指标.     

单次尾静脉注射法阿霉素大鼠肾病模型的建立

目的建立阿霉素大鼠肾病模型,并观察模型的动态变化。方法 26只Wistar雄性大鼠随机分为模型组(13只)和空白组(13只),模型组单次尾静脉注射阿霉素6.2 mg/kg,空白组注射等容积生理盐水。检测连续10周12 h尿蛋白定量、终末血生化指标,光镜、电镜下观察各组大鼠肾脏病理改变。结果模型组12 h尿蛋白定量造模后1周与空白组差异有显著性(P0.01),第5周达到高峰;血总蛋白、白蛋白均低于空白组,甘油三酯、胆固醇、血尿素氮均高于空白组(均P0.05),血肌酐差异无显著性(P=0.64)。肾脏病理改变:第5周为微小病变型,第10周为局灶性节段性肾小球硬化。结论单次尾静脉注射6.2 mg/kg阿霉素,可以成功建立渐进性的大鼠肾病综合征模型。     

双歧杆菌对母婴分离大鼠成年后肠道敏感性及结肠脑源性神经营养因子表达的影响

摘要 目的：探讨双歧杆菌对母婴分离大鼠成年后肠道敏感性及结肠脑源性神经营养因子表达的影响。方法：将60只新生期SD大鼠随机分为NS组（正常组）、MS组（模型组）、MS+Bif组（双歧杆菌干预）,每组20只大鼠,应用避水应激模型(chronic water avoidance stress,WAS)避水实验构建大鼠应激波形,通过兴盛时期母婴分离建立大鼠的肠道高敏感模型,新生鼠在断奶之后对溶剂组与双歧杆菌组分别进行灌胃干预,取大鼠的新鲜粪便进行选择性培养基平皿技术方法检测大鼠粪便的菌群代表性菌种数量。到大鼠8 w成年之后应用阶梯体积直肠求精扩张对三组大鼠肠道敏感性进行评价。结果：与对照组相比,模型组大鼠的大肠杆菌和类杆菌数量明显增多,且通过双歧杆菌干预之后大肠杆菌和类杆菌数量下降,三组大鼠大肠杆菌和类杆菌数量差异显著（P＜0.05）,三组大鼠的双歧杆菌和乳酸菌对比无明显差异（P＞0.05）;对比大鼠成年时利用阶梯体积为0 mL、0.4 mL、0.8 mL和1.2 mL直肠球囊扩张评价三组大鼠的肠道敏感性发现,NS组与MS组在0 mL和0.4 mL体积球囊出现扩张的时候血管运动反应性(vascular motor reactivity,VMR)对比无明显差异（P＞0.05）,从0.4 mL到1.2 mL两组大鼠显著提高,且对比出现显著差异（P＜0.05）,MS组与MS+Bif组,在0 mL到0.4 mL体积球囊出现扩张的时候VMR对比无明显差异（P＞0.05）,在0.4 mL到1.2 mL之后VMR差异显著（P＜0.05）;对比大鼠血清中的促肾上腺皮质激素(adrenocorticotropic hormone,ACTH)和促肾上腺皮质激素释放因子(corticotropin releasing factor,CRF)发现,三组ACTH和CRF表达差异显著（P＜0.05）;对比大鼠结肠中脑源性神经营养因子(brain-derived neurotrophic factor,BDNF)发现,三组大鼠的BDNF表达与SP（P物质）表达对比出现显著差异（P＜0.05）。结论：母婴分离大鼠成年之后会出现肠道高敏感性现象,应用双歧杆菌干预之后能够调节肠道菌群,稳定结肠脑源性神经因子表达,改善肠道敏感性现象。     

葛根素对肺心病大鼠血液流变学和肺动脉压的影响

目的:观察葛根素对肺心病大鼠血液流变学和肺动脉压的影响。方法:40只SD大鼠随机分为4组(n=10):对照组,模型组,葛根素低剂量(300 mg/kg ip)和高剂量组(600 mg/kg ip),参考薛氏常压低氧方法建立肺心病大鼠模型,常压低氧4周后测定大鼠血浆粘度,全血粘度,红细胞容积,纤维蛋白原和红细胞聚集指数等血液流变学指标和平均肺动脉压。结果:葛根素能显著降低肺心病大鼠血浆粘度,全血粘度,红细胞容积,纤维蛋白原(P<0.05),对红细胞聚集指数无显著性作用(P>0.05),显著降低模型组降低肺动脉压(P<0.05)。结论:葛根素对肺心病大鼠有治疗效果,为临床治疗肺心病提供实验依据。     

醒脑静注射液对急性脑出血患者FIB和D-二聚体水平的影响

目的:研究醒脑静注射液对急性脑出血患者血浆纤维蛋白原和D-二聚体水平的影响。方法:选取我院神经内科收治的急性脑出血患者90例,随机分为两组,其中对照组45例,予降低颅内压、控制血压、抗感染、营养脑细胞等常规治疗。实验组45例,在常规治疗的基础上加用醒脑静注射液。对比治疗前后患者血浆纤维蛋白原(FIB)、D-二聚体(D1-D)的含量及临床疗效。结果:治疗后,两组患者病情均有所改善,实验组有效率(91.11%)与对照组(82.22%)比较明显较高,差异有统计学意义(P0.05);两组患者血浆FIB含量较治疗前均明显升高,但实验组高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P0.05);实验组血浆D-D含量明显降低,对照组明显升高,实验组明显低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论:醒脑静注射液能够使急性脑出血患者血浆纤维蛋白原含量增加,D-二聚体水平下降,具有良好的临床疗效,值得进一步研究推广。     

β-乳香酸对血瘀证大鼠血液流变学和血管内皮功能的影响

目的:研究β-乳香酸(β-BA)对血瘀证大鼠血液流变学和血管内皮功能的影响。方法:24只SD大鼠随机分为4组:空白对照组、模型组、低剂量β-BA(100 mg/kg)组、高剂量β-BA(200 mg/kg)组,每组6只,每12小时给药1次、连续给药7次,第5次给药后,除空白组大鼠外,给予皮下注射盐酸肾上腺素(0.8 mg/kg)2次,间隔4小时,中间给予冰水(0-2℃)刺激5分钟造成大鼠急性血瘀证模型。最后一次给药30分钟内腹主动脉取血检测不同切变率下的全血粘度(WBV)、凝血指标、血浆内皮素-1(ET-1)、一氧化氮(NO)浓度,并取颈动脉观察病理变化。结果:与空白对照组相比,模型组全血粘度明显升高(P0.01),凝血酶时间(TT)、凝血酶原时间(PT)、活化部分凝血活酶时间(APTT)显著缩短(P0.01),纤维蛋白原(FIB)含量增加(P0.01),血浆ET-1水平升高,血浆NO含量降低(P0.01)。与模型组相比,β-BA组全血粘度明显降低,TT、APTT、PT显著延长(P0.01),纤维蛋白原含量减少(P0.01),血浆ET-1水平降低,血浆NO水平升高(P0.01)。结论:β-乳香酸能显著改善血瘀证大鼠血液流变学异常,并保护其血管内皮功能。     

加味真武汤对慢性心衰大鼠心肌结构及炎症因子的影响

目的:观察加味真武汤对慢性心力衰竭大鼠心肌组织结构以及炎症因子水平情况,并探讨其作用机理。方法:雄性SD大鼠48只随机分为空白组、模型组、地高辛组、加味真武汤组。采用盐酸阿霉素腹腔注射的方法建立慢性心力衰竭大鼠模型。各组分别给药治疗后,光镜观察心肌细胞结构并进行病理评分;酶联免疫法测定白介素-1(IL-1)、白介素-6(IL-6)以及血清脑钠肽(BNP)水平情况。结果:模型组大鼠心肌纤维断裂,伴炎性浸润,模型组病理评分显著高于空白组,有统计学差异(P0.05);地高辛组和加味真武汤组病理评分显著低于模型组,有统计学差异(P0.05);加味真武汤组与地高辛组病理评分比较无统计学差异(P0.05)。与模型组相比,加味真武汤组和地高辛组血清IL-6、IL-1、BNP水平明显减低,加味真武汤组效果更显著,差异具有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论:加味真武汤可能有增加心肌收缩力,抑制炎症因子的释放,减慢心室重构,保护心肌细胞的作用。     

A Unique Protease Cleavage Site Predicted in the Spike Protein of the Novel Pneumonia Coronavirus (2019-nCoV) Potentially Related to Viral Transmissibility

正Dear Editor,In December 2019, a novel human coronavirus caused an epidemic of severe pneumonia(Coronavirus Disease 2019,COVID-19) in Wuhan, Hubei, China(Wu et al. 2020; Zhu et al. 2020). So far, this virus has spread to all areas of China and even to other countries. The epidemic has caused 67,102 confirmed infections with 1526 fatal cases     

Curcuminoids as inhibitors of thioredoxin reductase: A receptor based pharmacophore study with distance mapping of the active site

Curcumin is the yellow pigment of turmeric that interacts irreversibly forming an adduct with thioredoxin reductase (TrxR), an enzyme responsible for redox control of cell and defence against oxidative stress. Docking at both the active sites of TrxR was performed to compare the potency of three naturally occurring curcuminoids, namely curcumin, demethoxy curcumin and bis-demethoxy curcumin. Results show that active sites of TrxR occur at the junction of E and F chains. Volume and area of both cavities is predicted. It has been concluded by distance mapping of the most active conformations that Se atom of catalytic residue SeCYS498, is at a distance of 3.56 from C13 of demethoxy curcumin at the E chain active site, whereas C13 carbon atom forms adduct with Se atom of SeCys 498. We report that at least one methoxy group in curcuminoids is necessary for interation with catalytic residues of thioredoxin. Pharmacophore of both active sites of the TrxR receptor for curcumin and demethoxy curcumin molecules has been drawn and proposed for design and synthesis of most probable potent antiproliferative synthetic drugs.     

Comparative morphology of the carpel in the Liliaceae: Hewardieae, Petrosavieae, and Tricyrteae

The young pistils in the melanthioid tribes, Hewardieae, Petrosavieae and Tricyrteae, are uniformly tricarpellate and syncarpous. They lack raphide idioblasts. All are multiovulate, with bitegmic ovules. The Petrosavieae are marked by the presence of septal glands and incomplete syncarpy. Tepals and stamens adhere to the ovary in the Hewardieae and the Petrosavieae but not in the Tricyrteae. Two vascular bundles occur in the stamens of the Hewartlieae and Tricyrtis latifolia. Ventral bundles in the upper part of the ovary of the Hewardieae are continuous with compound septal bundles and placental bundles in the lower part. Putative ventral bundles occur in the alternate position in the Tricyrteae and putative placental bundles in the opposite. position in the Petrosavieae. The dichtomously branched stigma in each carpel of the Tricyrteae is supplied by a bifurcated dorsal bundle.     

Enterovirus 71 3C proteolytically processes the histone H3 N-terminal tail during infection

Highlights
1. The N-terminal tail of histone H3 is specifically cleaved during EV71 infection.
2. Viral protease 3C is identified as a protease responsible for proteolytically processing the N-terminal H3 tail.
3. Our finding reveals a new epigenetic regulatory mechanism for Enterovirus 71 in virus-host interactions.     

Detection of EBV and HHV6 in the Brain Tissue of Patients with Rasmussen’s Encephalitis

Rasmussen’s encephalitis (RE) is a rare pediatric neurological disorder, and the exact etiology is not clear. Viral infection may be involved in the pathogenesis of RE, but conflicting results have reported. In this study, we evaluated the expression of both Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) and human herpes virus (HHV) 6 antigens in brain sections from 30 patients with RE and 16 control individuals by immunohistochemistry. In the RE group, EBV and HHV6 antigens were detected in 56.7% (17/30) and 50% (15/30) of individuals, respectively. In contrast, no detectable EBV and HHV6 antigen expression was found in brain tissues of the control group. The co-expression of EBV and HHV6 was detected in 20.0% (6/30) of individuals. In particular, a 4-year-old boy had a typical clinical course, including a medical history of viral encephalitis, intractable epilepsy, and hemispheric atrophy. The co-expression of EBV and HHV6 was detected in neurons and astrocytes in the brain tissue, accompanied by a high frequency of CD8⁺ T cells. Our results suggest that EBV and HHV6 infection and the activation of CD8⁺ T cells are involved in the pathogenesis of RE.     

Perinatal Vertical Transmission of Chikungunya Virus in Ruili,a Town on the Border between China and Myanmar

正Dear Editor,Chikungunya virus (CHIKV), an arbovirus in the family of Togaviridae, genus Alphavirus, is transmitted by the A.aegyptii or A. albopictus mosquito, and causes disease in humans characterized by fever, rash, and arthralgia (Silva and Dermody 2017; Suhrbier 2019). It was first reported in 1953 in Tanzania, and caused only a few outbreaks and sporadic cases in Africa and Asia in last century. However, in the epidemic in 2004, CHIKV acquired mutations that conferred enhanced transmission by the A. albopictus mosquito(Schuffenecker et al. 2006). Since then, it has successively caused outbreaks in Africa, the Indian Ocean, South East Asia, the South America, and Europe (Zeller et al. 2016).     

Development of a Novel Reverse Transcription Loop-Mediated Isothermal Amplification Method for Rapid Detection of SARS-CoV-2

In conclusion, the novel visual RT-LAMP assay is a simple, rapid, and sensitive approach for detection of SARS-CoV-2, and it is ready for application in primary care and community hospitals or health care centers, and even patients' own houses in response to the current SARS-CoV-2 epidemic because the assay does not require sophisticated equipment and skilled personnel. Furthermore, it is also ready to be used in fields for screening samples from wild animals and environments to facilitate the identification of potential intermediate hosts that mediate the cross-species transmission of SARS-CoV-2 from bats to humans.