电针联合归脾汤对产后抑郁大鼠抑郁症状的影响及机制分析

摘要 目的：探讨电针联合归脾汤对产后抑郁大鼠抑郁症状的影响及机制。方法：选择雌性SD大鼠36只,将36只大鼠随机分为正常组、模型组、盐酸氟西汀组、归脾汤组、电针组、归脾汤联合电针组,每组6只大鼠。空白组大鼠不进行任何处理。盐酸氟西汀组给予0.233 g/L盐酸氟西汀。归脾汤组给予1.72 g/mL归脾汤。电针组选择百会、印堂、气海、关元进行电针刺激。归脾汤联合电针组归脾汤用药方法同归脾汤组,电针方法同电针组。正常组及模型组子均给予等量的双蒸水。每组分别在造模后1周、2周时结束给药。对比糖水消耗水平、旷场实验评分及垂直评分、游泳实验不动时间、挣扎时间及游泳时间、血清HPA轴相关激素水平及大鼠脑组织中的5-HT含量。结果：与模型组相比,对照组、盐酸氟西汀组、归脾汤组、电针组大鼠在第1周、第2周时的糖水消耗水平、旷场实验评分、垂直评分、海马、额叶皮质中的5-HT水平较低,游泳实验不动时间、挣扎时间、游泳时间、促肾上腺皮质激素、促肾上腺皮质激素释放激素及皮质醇较高;与对照组相比,盐酸氟西汀组、归脾汤组、电针组大鼠呈相同趋势,与盐酸氟西汀组、归脾汤组、电针组相比,归脾汤联合电针组呈相同趋势（P<0.05）。盐酸氟西汀组、归脾汤组与电针组所有指标组间对比无差异（P>0.05）。结论：电针联合归脾汤可明显改善产后抑郁大鼠抑郁症状,可能与其可调节产后抑郁大鼠的HPA轴相关激素及5-HT水平有关。     

基于Wnt/β-catenin信号转导通路的电针抗抑郁中枢效应机制研究

目的:基于Wnt/β-catenin信号转导通路探究电针抗抑郁中枢效应机制。方法:运用随机数字表法将144只SD大鼠分为空白、模型、电针及西药组,每组又分别依据干预时间进一步分为7d、14d、21d 3个亚组。空白组不接受任何刺激。模型组大鼠采取禁食等方式构建CUMS抑郁大鼠模型。电针组选取百会、神庭穴施以电针。西药组每日灌胃给予氟西汀。分别于第1d、7d、14d、21d观测大鼠行为学指标改变情况。采用蛋白免疫印迹法检测大鼠海马内Wnt/β-catenin信号转导通路中关键蛋白表达。结果:模型组大鼠OFT、SPT评分均较空白组有所下降,体质量减轻,电针组和西药组OFT、SPT评分及体质量检测则较模型组明显上升(P0.05)。模型组各亚组大鼠wnt1及β-catenin蛋白表达水平下降,GSK-3β蛋白表达水平有所上升,与模型组相比,电针及西药组大鼠Wnt/β-catenin通路中蛋白含量趋近正常水平,且两组与模型组组间比较差异具有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论:电针可通过调控海马内Wnt/β-catenin信号转导通路中关键蛋白的表达,减轻抑郁症状。     

重复经颅磁刺激联合低剂量氟西汀对CUMS抑郁小鼠的影响*

目的:探讨重复经颅磁刺激(rTMS)联合低剂量氟西汀对慢性不可预知轻度压力(CUMS)抑郁小鼠的影响及其交互作用。方法:取42只雄性BALB/c小鼠随机分为正常对照组(Control,7只)和抑郁症模型组(Model,35只),Model组小鼠给予限制塑料管内、鼠笼倾斜、不筑巢、拥挤环境、明暗颠倒、白噪声等6种刺激,每种刺激随机且不同时出现2次,共刺激4周建立CUMS模型。随后35只Model组鼠随机分为CUMS组(8只)、氟西汀组(Fluoxetine,9只)、rTMS组(9只)和rTMS+Fluoxetine组(9只)。Fluoxetine组给予腹腔注射氟西汀5 mg/(kg·d),rTMS组给予10 Hz频率刺激,rTMS+Fluoxetine组给予腹腔注射氟西汀5 mg/(kg·d)和10 Hz频率刺激,Control和CUMS模型组给予相同体积生理盐水腹腔注射和伪刺激,各组均连续干预4周,随后进行行为学实验,最后运用析因设计方差分析方法分析Fluoxetine与rTMS的交互作用。结果:与Control组比,CUMS组小鼠强迫游泳实验中不动时间显著升高(P＜0.05),蔗糖实验中糖喜好程度、旷场实验中心运动次数和体重变化率均显著下降(P＜0.05)。与CUMS组比,rTMS组、Fluoxetine组和rTMS+Fluoxetine组抑郁症小鼠强迫游泳实验中不动时间显著降低(P＜0.01)、蔗糖实验中糖喜好程度和旷场实验中心运动次数显著升高(P＜0.05),其中rTMS+Fluoxetine组联合应用效果更显著(P＜0.05),但体重变化率仅rTMS+Fluoxetine组有变化(P＜0.05)。结论:重复经颅磁刺激和/或氟西汀均能不同程度的改善CUMS小鼠抑郁状态,其中联合应用的干预作用优于单独使用氟西汀或rTMS的效果,且有交互作用。     

神经节苷脂钠对缺血性脑卒中小鼠空间学习记忆能力的影响

摘要 目的：探讨神经节苷脂钠对缺血性脑卒中小鼠空间学习记忆能力的影响。方法：缺血性脑卒中小鼠模型(n=42)随机分为三组-模型组、氟西汀组与神经节苷脂钠组,每组14只小鼠。氟西汀组、神经节苷脂钠组、对照组分别给予10 mg/kg氟西汀与10 mg/kg神经节苷脂钠、等剂量生理盐水腹腔注射,1次/d,持续28 d。结果：氟西汀组、神经节苷脂钠组给药第7 d、14 d、28 d的逃避潜伏期、改良神经损伤严重程度评分(Modified neurological severity score,mNSS)低于模型组(P<0.05),穿越平台次数高于模型组(P<0.05),神经节苷脂钠组与氟西汀组对比差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。氟西汀组、神经节苷脂钠组给药第28 d的海马组织B淋巴细胞瘤-2基因(B-cell lymphoma-2,Bcl-2)蛋白相对表达水平高于模型组(P<0.05),BCL2-Associated X(Bax)蛋白相对表达水平、脑卒中相对面积低于模型组(P<0.05),神经节苷脂钠组与氟西汀组对比差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论：神经节苷脂钠在缺血性脑卒中小鼠的应用能促进恢复空间学习记忆能力,缓解神经损伤,抑制海马组织神经元细胞的凋亡,降低脑卒中面积。     

补充益生菌对功能性腹泻患者焦虑抑郁状态的影响

目的探讨益生菌对功能性腹泻患者临床症状和心理健康的影响。方法将2019年3月至2019年12月在广东省肇庆市高要区人民医院消化内科门诊收治的伴有焦虑抑郁状态的90例功能性腹泻住院病人随机分为试验组、对照组A、对照组B。三组受试者均口服匹维溴铵,试验组口服双歧杆菌四联活菌,对照组A服用氟西汀,对照组B未给其他药物治疗,疗程均为1个月。治疗前后,比较患者大便次数及性状、汉密尔顿焦虑量表(HAMA)和汉密尔顿抑郁量表(HAMD)评分。结果治疗前三组患者每周排便不同次数的人数比较,差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。治疗第3周和第4周后,与对照组A相比,对照组B和试验组的排便不同次数的人数差异具有统计学意义(P0.05)。治疗第4周后,试验组与对照组B的排便不同次数的人数比较,差异具有统计学意义(P0.05)。治疗前3组患者Bristol粪便性状评分比较差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。治疗第3和第4周后,与对照组A相比,对照组B和试验组的Bristol粪便性状评分比较,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。治疗第4周后,试验组与对照组B的Bristol粪便性状评分比较,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。治疗后与对照组A比较,对照组B和试验组HAMA评分和HAMD评分显著低于对照组A,且差异具有统计学意义(P0.05)。与对照组B比较,试验组HAMA评分和HAMD评分显著低于对照组B(P0.05)。结论通过补充益生菌可调节功能性腹泻患者腹泻次数,提高功能性腹泻患者生活质量,改善患者焦虑抑郁症状。     

不同强度电针刺激对失眠大鼠下丘脑orexinA的影响研究

目的 探讨电针对失眠大鼠下丘脑食欲素A（orexinA）的影响及不同强度电针对orexinA的效应差异。方法将SD大鼠随机分为正常对照组（normalcontrol,NC）、失眠模型组（insomniamodel,IM）、强刺激电针组（strongstimulativeeleetroacupuncture,SSEA）、弱刺激电针组（weakstimulativeelectroacupuncture,WSEA）。除正常对照组外,其余各组大鼠均用对氯苯丙氨酸（PCPA）建立大鼠失眠模型,选穴“百会”、“足三里”、“三阴交”,并用不同强度电针治疗。5d后,用逆转录一聚合酶链反应（RT-PCR）检测下丘脑orexinAmRNA表达,采用免疫组织化学技术观察下丘脑orexinA阳性神经元表达。结果与正常对照组比较,失眠模型组大鼠下丘脑orexinAmRNA表达显著升高（P〈0．01）,orexinA阳性神经元染色较深,且表达量较多;与失眠模型组相比,两电针组大鼠下丘脑orexinAmRNA表达明显下降（P〈0．01）,orexi—nA阳性神经元染色较浅,表达量较少,强刺激电针组作用更为明显。结论电针可以改善失眠大鼠下丘脑异常增多的orexinA,调节睡眠-觉醒周期,且强刺激电针组效果较好。     

二十味沉香丸对卒中后PTSD模型大鼠行为学及5-HT1AR的调节作用探析

目的:探究藏药二十味沉香丸对卒中后PTSD模型大鼠行为和5-HT1AR的调节作用。方法:将48只大鼠随机分为假手术组、模型组、二十味沉香丸组、帕罗西汀组。每组各12只。造模后未达到观察时点死亡的大鼠排除本研究,筛选出符合条件的大鼠并通过随机抽样原则补齐动物。造模后每天分别给予相应的药物或生理盐水进行灌胃,灌胃2周后采用旷场实验检测各组剩余大鼠行为学变化。每组各取6只,采用实时荧光定量PCR和Western blot法分别检测海马组织中5-HT1AR基因和蛋白水平的变化。结果:与假手术组相比较,模型组运动总距离(P0.01)、单次最大运动距离(P0.05)、穿格次数(P0.01)、直立次数(P0.01)、直立时间(P0.01)、修饰时间(P0.01)、修饰次数(P0.05)减少差异有统计学意义,5-HT1AR基因(P0.05)及蛋白表达水平下降;与模型组相比较,二十味沉香丸组运动总距离(P0.05)、穿格次数(P0.05)、直立时间(P0.05)、直立次数(P0.01)增加差异具有统计学意义,且5-HT1AR的基因(P0.05)及蛋白水平表达升高;与模型组相比较,帕罗西汀组穿格次数(P0.05)、运动总距离(P0.05)、直立时间(P0.05)增加差异具有统计学意义,5-HT1AR的基因(P0.01)及蛋白表达水平升高。结论:本实验成功复制了卒中后PTSD模型,所选取的中药二十味沉香丸能在一定程度上改善卒中后PTSD模型大鼠的焦虑样行为,其效用与西药帕罗西汀类似,且作用机制可能与调节5-HT1AR有关。     

电针预处理对PTSD模型大鼠焦虑样行为及海马Sirt1/MAO-A基因表达的影响

目的:探讨电针预处理对创伤后应激障碍大鼠(PTSD)焦虑样行为的改善作用及对海马去乙酰化酶Sirt1及单胺氧化酶MAO-A基因表达的影响。方法:将32只SD大鼠随机分为对照组(Sham),模型组(PTSD),电针刺激组(EA),电针预处理+模型(EA+PTSD),每组8只。电针刺激组(EA)和电针预处理+模型(EA+PTSD)组大鼠每天给予百会穴电针刺激(2/15 Hz,1 m A)30 min,连续刺激7 d。然后对模型组(PTSD)组和电针预处理+模型(EA+PTSD)组大鼠进行ESPS造模处理。造模结束14天后,通过旷场和高架十字测试其焦虑样行为,随后处死大鼠,通过实时定量PCR(RT-PCR)检测海马Sirt1和MAO-A的m RNA表达情况。结果:(1)PTSD大鼠具有明显的焦虑样行为,包括旷场中心的探索减少(44.94±13.66,16.86±7.12,P0.05)和高架十字开臂运动时间减少(55.90±26.39,23.36±12.23,P0.01),PTSD组大鼠海马Sirt1和MAO-A的m RNA表达增加(1.00±0.07,1.90±0.05;1.01±0.10,1.54±0.15,P0.01)。(2)电针预处理可以缓解PTSD大鼠的焦虑样行为,PTSD与EA+PTSD组之间存在显著性差异(16.86±7.12,36.24±13.28,P0.05;23.36±12.23,50.14±20.77,P0.05)。(3)电针预处理可以抑制PTSD大鼠海马的Sirt1和MAO-A m RNA表达,PTSD与EA+PTSD组之间的Sirt1和MAO-A的m RNA水平存在显著性差异(1.90±0.05,1.30±0.08,P0.05;1.54±0.15,1.23±0.15,P0.05)。结论:电针预处理可以调节PTSD大鼠海马的Sirt1和MAO-A的m RNA水平,缓解PTSD大鼠的焦虑样行为。     

氟西汀联合六味地黄丸对更年期综合征患者血清孕激素、叶酸及5-羟色 胺水平的影响

目的:探讨氟西汀联合六味地黄丸对更年期综合征患者抑郁症状及血清孕激素、叶酸及5-羟色胺水平的影响。方法:收集在我院就诊或住院治疗的80例更年期综合征患者,随机分为实验组和对照组,每组40例。对照组患者给予盐酸氟西汀治疗,实验组患者在对照组基础上给予六味地黄丸治疗。观察并比较两组患者治疗前后血清孕激素、叶酸及5-羟色胺水平的变化以及汉密尔顿抑郁量表(HAMD)评分。结果:与治疗前相比,两组患者治疗后的孕激素、叶酸以及5-羟色胺水平均显著升高(P0.05),HAMD评分水平明显下降(P0.05);与对照组相比,实验组患者的孕激素、叶酸以及5-羟色胺水平较高(P0.05),HAMD评分水平较低(P0.05)。结论:氟西汀联合六味地黄丸能够显著升高更年期综合征患者血清孕激素、叶酸及5-羟色胺水平,改善更年期综合征症状。     

莫扎特K448奏鸣曲高频段声波对小鼠抑郁模型干预治疗的分析

目的 建立C57BL/6小鼠抑郁模型,初步探究莫扎特K448奏鸣曲中的高频段声波改善C57BL/6小鼠抑郁症状的效果。方法 1)慢性应激模型的建立:小鼠依据自主活动实验结果剔除活动次数差异较大者,其余分为空白组(n=10)、模型组(n=36),模型组经历5周慢性温和不可预知刺激(chronic unpredictable and mildstress,CUMS),建立小鼠抑郁模型。(2)治疗干预:造模成功后,将模型组小鼠随机均衡分为模型对照组(n=12)、氟西汀组(n=12)和音乐组(n=12)。氟西汀组每天腹腔注射盐酸氟西汀溶液(10 mg/kg),其余两组注射等量的生理盐水。音乐组每天进行2 h高频音乐干预,其余两组不进行音乐干预。干预持续2周。(3)效果评价:实验前3 d及实验中每周称量体重并记录,实验第1周、第5周、第7周进行悬尾实验(tail suspension test,TST)和强迫游泳实验(forced swimming test,FST)。第7周行为学实验结束后,取小鼠脑组织制备匀浆,通过酶联免疫吸附法(enzymelinked immunosorbent assay,ELISA)测定脑源性神经营养因子(brain derived neurotrophic factor,BDNF)含量。结果1)成功构建CUMS小鼠模型。第5周模型组小鼠悬尾不动时间明显增加,差异有显著性(P<0.01),强迫游泳不动时间增加,差异有显著性(P<0.05)。(2)氟西汀组与模型对照组相比,悬尾实验不动时间明显缩短,差异有显著性(P<0.01),强迫游泳实验不动时间缩短,差异无显著性(P>0.05);音乐组与模型对照组相比,悬尾不动时间缩短,差异有显著性(P<0.05),强迫游泳实验不动时间无明显改变,差异无显著性(P>0.05)。模型对照组与空白组小鼠相比,脑组织匀浆中的BDNF含量明显降低,差异有显著性(P<0.01);氟西汀组与模型对照组相比,脑组织匀浆中的BDNF含量明显回升,差异有显著性(P<0.01),但音乐组与模型对照组相比,其差异无显著性(P>0.05)。结论 莫扎特K448奏鸣曲高频段声波可一定程度优化小鼠抑郁模型的治疗作用。     

六种藓类植物茎的比较解剖学研究

通过对6种藓类植物,即褶叶青藓(Brachythecium salebrosum(Web.et Mohr.)B.S.G.)、湿地匐灯藓(Plagiomnium acutum(Lindb.)Kop.)、侧枝匐灯藓(Plagiomnium maximoviczii(Lindb.)Kop.)、大凤尾藓(Fissidensnobilis Griff.)、大羽藓(Thuidium cymbifolium(Doz.et Molk.)B.S.G.)和大灰藓(Hypnum plumaeforme Wils.)嫩茎和老茎的石蜡切片和显微观察发现,同一藓类植株的嫩茎和老茎,茎结构稳定,不同种藓类植物茎横切面具有不同特征.植物体茎横切面形状、表层细胞的层数、细胞大小和细胞壁厚薄、皮层细胞大小和形状、中轴的有无以及比例等特征可以作为藓类植物的分科分类依据之一.     

Cause of Senescence of Nine Sorts of Flowers

The levels of endogenous phytohormones and respiratory rate in nine sorts of flowers such as Cymbidium faberi Rolfe, Nopalxochia ackermannii Kunth and others were investigated both at full bloom and senescence and meanwhile the effect of exogenous phytohormones on prolonging the blossoms and promoting ethylene production were tested. There is a high content of endogenous ethylene in all the long-lived flowere, about 3–16 folds higer than the short-lived ones. There is a high level of ABA at full blooming flowers of short-lived flowers, in which there is no or only some cytokinins in it, but the ratio of CTK (6BA+zeatin)/ABA is smaller(l.7). The endogenous ABA reached a much higher level at senescence in all nine sorts of flowers, so it is reasonable to consider that it is ABA which plays an important role of regulation in controlling flower's senescence. There is a much higher level of GA3 and zeatin in the long-lived flowers which is not demonstrated in the shortlived ones. The respiratory rate is one of the factors controtling the longevity of flowers, but it does not play a decided role. Application of 6BA and zeatin prolongs distinctly orchid’s longevity, however exogenous IAA through the promotive action on ethylene production, evidently extends the longevity of the flowers of the Nopalxochia ackermannii Kunth.     

Photoregulation of seed germination of wild-type and of an aurea-mutant of tomato

Seed germination of an aurea mutant of tomato ( Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) is promoted by continuous irradiation with red, far-red or long-wavelength far-red (758 nm) light as well as by cyclic irradiations (5 min red or 5 min far-red/25 min darkness). Far-red light applied immediately after each red does not change the germination behaviour. Seed germination of the isogenic wild-type, cv. UC-105, is promoted by continuous and cyclic red light while it is inhibited by continuous and cyclic far-red light and by continious 758 nm irradiation. Far-red irradiation reverses almost completely the promoting effect of red light. The promoting effect (in the aurea mutant) and the inhibitory effect (in the wild-type) of continuous far-red light do not show photon fluence rate dependency above 20 nmol m⁻² s⁻¹. It is concluded that phytochrome controls tomato seed germination throgh low energy responses in both the wild type and the au mutant. The promoting effect of continuous and cyclic far-red light in the au mutant can be attributed to a greater sensitivity to P_fr.     

真菌类遗传学分析的知识结构教学

本文以认知结构理论为指导,讨论了真菌类遗传分析与高等动植物遗传分析的内在联系,认为利用这种内在联系进行教学可收到好的效果并说明了作者的具体教学过程。 Abstract:In the paper, the relationship between genetic analysis of Fungi and genetic analysis of high animal and plant was discussed.A good results were obtained when we adopted this method in the teaching.     

龙胆科药用植物化学成分的研究现状

龙胆科植物在我国的分布范围很广,且多数为药用植物,其多数种属的药用植物,至今其化学成分尚未被系统研究。综述了目前龙胆科药用植物的化学成分的研究现状及一般提取方法,对近年来发现的环烯醚萜及裂环烯醚萜类化合物进行了总结,为本科药用植物的更深入研究提供了参考。     

The effects of glutamine of the maintenance of embryogenic cultures of Cryptomeria japonica

Summary Embryogenic tissues of sugi (Cryptomeria japonica) were induced on a modified Campbell and Durzan (CD) medium containing 1 μM 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) and 600 mg l⁻¹ glutamine, and subcultured in the medium of the same composition for over 1 yr. This resulted in a mixed culture of embryogenic and non-embryogenic cells. When embryogenic cells were isolated and cultured independently, their capacity to form embryogenic aggregates was lost. Thus, the non-embryogenic cells present within a mixed culture system were essential to the formation of embryogenic aggregates. When embryogenic tissues were isolated and cultured independently on a high glutamine-containing (2400 mg l⁻¹) medium, dry weights and endogenous levels of glutamine increased, and the tissue could generate a large number of embryogenic aggregates. Amino acid analysis of embryogenic and non-embryogenic cells from the maintenance culture indicated a higher level of glutamine was present in the latter. The high endogenous level of glutamine in the non-embryogenic portion of mixed cell masses may be the supplier of glutamine for maintaining the embryogenic property of the tissues.     

Specificity of action of piperidylcholine derivatives as substrates of cholinesterases of various origin

The review deals with study of enzymologic properties of a novel highly specific acetylcholinesterase substrate, N-(β-acetoxyethyl) piperidinium iodomethylate (“piperidylcholine”), and its 30 derivatives that were tested as effectors of cholinesterases of mammals and various species of Pacific squids. It was proven for the first time that responsible for specificity of action was structure of cyclic ammonium grouping of the alcohol part of molecule of the ester substrate. Analysis of specificity is performed based on enzymatic hydrolysis parameters—activity of catalytic center of cholinesterases and bimolecular constant of the reaction rate that are determined at optimal and low substrate concentrations. Among the specially synthesized group of thioester compounds there is revealed one more highly specific acetylcholinesterase substrate—N-(β-acetoxyethyl) piperidinium.     

Interconnection of parameters of regulation system of lipid peroxidation and of morphophysiological parameters of mouse liver

A complex analysis of seasonal fluctuations of the mean group parameters of the system of regulation of lipid peroxidation has been performed in liver of Balb/c mice. Association of lipid characteristics and morphophysiological parameters is studied in the Balb/c mouse liver. An inter-connection is revealed between the liver index and the amount of lysoforms of phospholipids, the scale and character of the interconnection differing essentially depending on proportion of phos-phatidylcholine in mouse liver phospholipids.