利用基于CRISPR-Cas9 的基因编辑技术对miR-29a在GT1-7 细胞中进 行基因敲除

目的:本文利用CRISPR-Cas9技术在GT1-7细胞中对miR-29a基因进行基因编辑,用于构建miR-29a基因敲除GT1-7细胞模型。方法:通过构建Cas9稳转的GT1-7细胞株并转染sgRNA质粒用于在靶向miR-29a基因区域引发突变。然后构建EGFP与sgRNA共表达质粒并转染Cas9稳转GT1-7细胞,利用流式细胞仪富集表达绿色荧光蛋白的阳性细胞和分选阳性单克隆细胞。最后利用实时荧光定量PCR(realtimefluorescencequantitativePCR)对富集细胞和单克隆细胞进行miR-29a表达量检测。结果:T7E1检测结果显示CRISPR-Cas9系统有效地在miR-29a基因区域引发了突变。荧光定量PCR结果显示,与对照组相比,富集后阳性细胞miR-29a的表达量整体下降了50%左右(P0.05)。此外,通过流式筛选获得了一个纯合miR-29a基因敲除细胞克隆,与对照组相比,其miR-29a的表达量下降了75%左右(P0.05)。结论:本文建立了一种有效编辑GT1-7细胞基因的方法,并采用该方法构建了miR-29a稳定敲除细胞模型。     

利用慢病毒载体观察microRNA-194 对人骨肉瘤细胞系U2-OS 生物学特性的影响

目的：通过构建携带针对microRNA-194 的shRNA载体及过表达载体,包装慢病毒,感染人骨肉瘤细胞系U2-OS,改变细胞 内microRNA-194 基因的表达水平,研究microRNA-194 对细胞增殖、凋亡及细胞周期的影响,为探索microRNA-194作为骨肉瘤 生物治疗的新靶点提供理论和实验依据。方法：PCR扩增pri-miR-194 及miR-194-5 成熟体,克隆于慢病毒载体plent-i GFP 中,转 染大肠杆菌感受态细胞,收获并浓缩慢病毒颗粒,感染人骨肉瘤细胞系U2-OS。进行MTT,流式,平板克隆等试验。结果：1.重组慢 病毒表达质粒构建正确,过表达及抑制过表达重组慢病毒的滴度分别为1.5× 108 TU/ml及4× 108 TU/ml;2. microRNA-194过表 达的人骨肉瘤细胞系U2-OS 细胞增殖速度,凋亡率及细胞周期相较于其它实验组都有明显变化(P<0.01)。结论：成功构建了 microRNA-194 过表达及抑制过表达慢病毒表达载体;miR-194 的表达水平对U2-OS 细胞的增殖和凋亡造成显著影响。 microRNA-194 可能成为骨肉瘤治疗的潜在新靶点,但该基因对骨肉瘤发生发展的作用及其机制尚待进一步研究。     

过表达miR-153非小细胞肺癌细胞稳转株的构建及鉴定

目的:构建过表达miR-153的非小细胞肺癌的稳转细胞株,为进一步探讨miR-153在肺癌发生发展中的作用奠定基础。方法:构建具有嘌呤霉素抗性的miR-153慢病毒载体;体外培养非小细胞肺癌细胞系SPC-A-1和A549,加入浓度梯度的嘌呤霉素溶液,筛选出最佳浓度;使用慢病毒转染细胞株,并在转染72 h后用荧光显微镜检测绿色荧光蛋白(EGFP)的表达,评价转染效率;体外实验使用PCR检测miR-153在稳转株的表达;稳转株移植裸鼠体内成瘤,取出瘤体后检测瘤体内EGFP和miR-153的表达。结果:完成过表达miR-153慢病毒载体及阴性对照载体的构建;确定嘌呤霉素最佳筛选浓度:在SPC-A-1细胞中的浓度为2.0 g/mL,A549细胞中的浓度为3.0 g/mL;目的基因miR-153被慢病毒成功导入SPC-A-1细胞和A549细胞中,荧光显微镜下能直接观察到EGFP。转染miR-153组和阴性对照组的PCR实验结果显示:在SPC-A-1细胞中,miR-153的表达量为92.9±20.6,明显高于阴性对照组(P=0.016);在A549细胞中,miR-153的表达量为2624.6±153.4,显著高于阴性对照组(P0.001)。稳转株能在裸鼠体内形成移植瘤,瘤体内明显有EGFP的表达;与阴性对照组的瘤体相比,移植瘤组miR-153的表达量为显著上调(P=0.048)。结论:成功构建过表达miR-153的非小细胞肺癌的稳转细胞株。     

慢病毒介导稳定表达MCM7、CDC6细胞株的建立

[目的]构建包装微小染色体维持蛋白7(Mcm7)、细胞分裂周期蛋白6(Cdc6)过表达慢病毒,并筛选Hep G2和LO2稳定过表达细胞株。[方法]通过PCR获得人的mcm7、cdc6基因,采用双酶切法构建重组慢病毒过表达载体。慢病毒过表达载体与ps PAX2、p MD2. G包装质粒共转染293T细胞后包装出慢病毒。慢病毒感染Hep G2和LO2后,通过有限稀释法筛选获得稳转细胞株,再经q PCR以及Western Blot鉴定过表达效果,FACS检测周期分布。[结果]成功构建并包装出了慢病毒,慢病毒滴度为1. 3×106TU/m L,感染Hep G2和LO2细胞后筛选获得稳转细胞株,并从mRNA和蛋白水平验证,Mcm7稳转株过表达效率超过0. 4倍,Cdc6稳转株过表达效率超12倍,稳转株周期分布与母代细胞没有显著差异(P 0. 05)。[结论]Mcm7、Cdc6稳转株构建成功,稳转株过表达效果明显,Mcm7、Cdc6的稳定过表达没有扰乱细胞周期进程。     

miR-505-3p对GT1-7细胞株基因表达谱的影响

目的了解微小RNA 505-3p(miR-505-3p)对下丘脑GnRH神经元GT1-7稳转细胞株表达谱的影响。方法用慢病毒转染GT1-7细胞获得稳定表达miR-505-3p的细胞株,感染实验分为3组:空白对照组(未经处理的GT1-7细胞),阴性对照组(感染pLenti6.3-nc空病毒),实验组(感染pLenti6.3-miR-505-3p病毒)。采用实时荧光定量PCR(Quantitative Real-time PCR,qRT-PCR)技术检测稳定细胞株中miR-505-3p的表达丰度,并进一步利用芯片检测对照组和实验组细胞的表达谱结合生物信息学方法探寻差异表达基因。采用GO分析和Pathway分析差异表达基因,解析miR-505-3p的功能。结果在稳定表达miR-505-3p的GT1-7细胞中,165个基因的表达量变化在2倍以上,这些基因主要参与细胞粘附、GTP分解代谢、神经系统发育等生物过程。结论 miR-505-3p可能通过影响下丘脑GnRH神经元中相应靶基因的表达调控细胞粘附、GTP分解代谢、神经系统发育等生物过程,和间隙连接、轴突导向和胃酸分泌等信号通路。     

利用慢病毒载体观察microRNA-194对人骨肉瘤细胞系U2-OS生物学特性的影响

目的：通过构建携带针对microRNA-194的shRNA载体及过表达载体,包装慢病毒,感染人骨肉瘤细胞系U2-OS,改变细胞内microRNA-194基因的表达水平,研究microRNA-194对细胞增殖、凋亡及细胞周期的影响,为探索microRNA-194作为骨肉瘤生物治疗的新靶点提供理论和实验依据。方法：PCR扩增pri-miR-194及miR-194-5成熟体,克隆于慢病毒载体plent-i GFP中,转染大肠杆菌感受态细胞,收获并浓缩慢病毒颗粒,感染人骨肉瘤细胞系U2-OS。进行MTT,流式,平板克隆等试验。结果：1.重组慢病毒表达质粒构建正确,过表达及抑制过表达重组慢病毒的滴度分别为1.5×108TU/ml及4×108TU/ml;2.microRNA-194过表达的人骨肉瘤细胞系U2-OS细胞增殖速度,凋亡率及细胞周期相较于其它实验组都有明显变化（P〈0.01）。结论：成功构建了microRNA-194过表达及抑制过表达慢病毒表达载体;miR-194的表达水平对U2-OS细胞的增殖和凋亡造成显著影响。microRNA-194可能成为骨肉瘤治疗的潜在新靶点,但该基因对骨肉瘤发生发展的作用及其机制尚待进一步研究。     

重组表达小鼠MIP-1α和B7-1基因的慢病毒载体的构建及鉴定

目的构建重组表达小鼠MIP-1α和B7-1基因的慢病毒载体,为淋巴瘤基因治疗的实验研究奠定基础。方法设计引物扩增获得目的基因小鼠MIP-1α和B7-1基因的全长编码序列cDNA,将目的基因与经酶切线性化的慢病毒载体进行定向连接,其产物转化感受态细胞,对长出的阳性克隆进行PCR鉴定和直接测序序列分析。MIP-1α和B7-1目的基因质粒转染293T细胞,观察绿色荧光蛋白（GFP）表达,采用Western Blot法检测其蛋白表达,实时荧光定量PCR,检测慢病毒浓缩液的滴度。结果成功构建了重组表达小鼠MIP-1α和B7-1基因的慢病毒载体,实时荧光定量PCR证实MIP-1α、B7-1基因重组慢病毒载体的滴度均达2.00E＋8 TU/mL。结论本研究成功构建并包装出高滴度的小鼠MIP-1α和B7-1基因重组慢病毒载体,为淋巴瘤基因治疗的实验研究奠定了基础。     

过表达微小RNA miR-125b抑制肝癌细胞上皮-间质转换及促进细胞凋亡

微小RNA-125b（miR-125b）在许多恶性肿瘤的增殖、分化和凋亡等过程中具有很重要的作用,但miR-125b是否涉及肝癌的上皮 间质转换过程（EMT）还有待进一步研究。本研究通过构建过表达miR-125b的肝癌稳转细胞株,初步检测miR-125b对于肝癌的EMT过程和相关的TGF-β信号通路的影响,以及对于肝癌细胞凋亡的影响。以慢病毒载体pHRS-1cla EGFP 构建过表达miR-125b的载体质粒(pHRS-1cla-miR125b-CMV-EGFP),并对上述载体进行NheⅠ、XbaⅠ双酶切和测序鉴定,鉴定正确后,在293T细胞中进行慢病毒包装,浓缩病毒后,对MHCC97-H进行慢病毒感染并采用流式分选GFP阳性的细胞。实时定量PCR检测表明肝癌细胞稳转株MHCC97-H-PHRS-miR-125b-EGFP的miR-125b表达量是空载体转染组的6倍。Western印迹检测发现,与空载体对照组相比,MHCC97-H-PHRS-miR-125b-EGFP细胞中间质细胞标志α-SMA表达显著下调,上皮细胞标志E-cadherin表达显著上调,同样的,用Western印迹检测也发现MHCC97-H-PHRS-miR-125b-EGFP细胞中TGF-β信号通路关键下游分子Smad2和Smad4的表达显著下调,细胞凋亡检测结果表明,与对照组相比,过表达miR-125b的稳转株凋亡率增加到19.66%,加入TGF-β1后,过表达miR-125b的稳转株凋亡率进一步增加到74.7%。同样的,在体内治疗实验中,我们采用商品化的体内核酸转染试剂,在皮下肿瘤组织中过表达miR-125b mimics,结果表明miR-125b的过表达与肿瘤组织的凋亡成正相关性（r=0.83463,P < 0.01）,且免疫组化结果也表明,miR-125b过表达后,E-cadherin表达显著上调,α-SMA及Smad2和Smad4的表达显著下调。上述结果表明,我们成功构建了过表达miR-125b的肝癌细胞稳转株,并成功建立了肿瘤组织中过表达miR-125b mimics的动物模型,在体内外均观察到过表达miR-125b后对肝癌细胞EMT过程的抑制作用和对细胞凋亡的促进作用。相关研究结果加深了我们对miR-125b在肝癌中抑制肝癌发展作用机制的理解,及其作为潜在的治疗肝癌的新靶点的重要性。     

miR-125b慢病毒表达载体的构建及其对卵巢癌SKOV3细胞增殖和迁移的影响

构建并鉴定miR-125b慢病毒过表达载体,研究miR-125b对卵巢癌细胞增殖和迁移的影响及其可能机制。将PcR扩增的rniR-125b前体序列与经过酶切后的GP—SupersilencingVector进行连接,产生miR-125b重组慢病毒表达载体。将重组慢病毒载体质粒、pGag／Pol、pRev和pVSV-G共转染293T细胞,包装产生慢病毒。使用收获的病毒颗粒感染卵巢癌SKOV3细胞,嘌呤霉素筛选稳定感染细胞株;实时荧光定量PCR（Real．timeqPCR）检测miR-125b在SKV03细胞中的表达;Westernblot检测其潜在靶基因HER-2的表达：MTT实验和Transwell侵袭实验分别观察miR-125b过表达后SKOV3细胞增殖和迁移能力的改变。该研究成功构建miR-125b陧病毒过表达载体,感染卵巢癌SKOV3细胞后,能够过表达miR-125b,并抑制SKOV3细胞的增殖及迁移,降低潜在靶基因HER-2的表达。该研究证叽miR-125b能够抑制SKOV3细胞的增殖及迁移,并可能通过降低潜在靶基因HER-2的表达而实现。     

利用慢病毒介导的shRNA在GT1-7细胞中敲低Srsf1及其对GnRH、Kiss1的影响

目的:探讨慢病毒介导短发夹RNA(shRNA)敲低丝氨酸/精氨酸富集剪接因子1(Srsf1)基因对小鼠GT1-7细胞中性发育相关基因促性腺激素释放激素(GnRH)、Kiss1的影响。方法:实验分为3组,即空白对照组、阴性对照组及shRNA干扰组。用Srsf1 shRNA慢病毒稳转GT1-7细胞,Real-time PCR和Western blot检测GT1-7细胞中Srsf1在mRNA和蛋白水平的变化,并检测稳转株中GnRH、Kiss1基因的表达情况。结果:慢病毒介导的shRNA成功感染了GT1-7细胞,与空白对照组及阴性对照组相比,shRNA干扰组中Srsf1在mRNA水平降低了45%(P0.001),在蛋白水平敲低了42%(P0.05)。在稳定低表达Srsf1的GT1-7细胞中,GnRH、Kiss1基因在mRNA水平也显著降低(P0.05)。结论:成功的构建了Srsf1基因敲低的细胞株。在GT1-7细胞中敲低Srsf1基因会抑制GnRH、Kiss1基因的表达。     

A Unique Protease Cleavage Site Predicted in the Spike Protein of the Novel Pneumonia Coronavirus (2019-nCoV) Potentially Related to Viral Transmissibility

正Dear Editor,In December 2019, a novel human coronavirus caused an epidemic of severe pneumonia(Coronavirus Disease 2019,COVID-19) in Wuhan, Hubei, China(Wu et al. 2020; Zhu et al. 2020). So far, this virus has spread to all areas of China and even to other countries. The epidemic has caused 67,102 confirmed infections with 1526 fatal cases     

Curcuminoids as inhibitors of thioredoxin reductase: A receptor based pharmacophore study with distance mapping of the active site

Curcumin is the yellow pigment of turmeric that interacts irreversibly forming an adduct with thioredoxin reductase (TrxR), an enzyme responsible for redox control of cell and defence against oxidative stress. Docking at both the active sites of TrxR was performed to compare the potency of three naturally occurring curcuminoids, namely curcumin, demethoxy curcumin and bis-demethoxy curcumin. Results show that active sites of TrxR occur at the junction of E and F chains. Volume and area of both cavities is predicted. It has been concluded by distance mapping of the most active conformations that Se atom of catalytic residue SeCYS498, is at a distance of 3.56 from C13 of demethoxy curcumin at the E chain active site, whereas C13 carbon atom forms adduct with Se atom of SeCys 498. We report that at least one methoxy group in curcuminoids is necessary for interation with catalytic residues of thioredoxin. Pharmacophore of both active sites of the TrxR receptor for curcumin and demethoxy curcumin molecules has been drawn and proposed for design and synthesis of most probable potent antiproliferative synthetic drugs.     

Comparative morphology of the carpel in the Liliaceae: Hewardieae, Petrosavieae, and Tricyrteae

The young pistils in the melanthioid tribes, Hewardieae, Petrosavieae and Tricyrteae, are uniformly tricarpellate and syncarpous. They lack raphide idioblasts. All are multiovulate, with bitegmic ovules. The Petrosavieae are marked by the presence of septal glands and incomplete syncarpy. Tepals and stamens adhere to the ovary in the Hewardieae and the Petrosavieae but not in the Tricyrteae. Two vascular bundles occur in the stamens of the Hewartlieae and Tricyrtis latifolia. Ventral bundles in the upper part of the ovary of the Hewardieae are continuous with compound septal bundles and placental bundles in the lower part. Putative ventral bundles occur in the alternate position in the Tricyrteae and putative placental bundles in the opposite. position in the Petrosavieae. The dichtomously branched stigma in each carpel of the Tricyrteae is supplied by a bifurcated dorsal bundle.     

Enterovirus 71 3C proteolytically processes the histone H3 N-terminal tail during infection

Highlights
1. The N-terminal tail of histone H3 is specifically cleaved during EV71 infection.
2. Viral protease 3C is identified as a protease responsible for proteolytically processing the N-terminal H3 tail.
3. Our finding reveals a new epigenetic regulatory mechanism for Enterovirus 71 in virus-host interactions.     

Detection of EBV and HHV6 in the Brain Tissue of Patients with Rasmussen’s Encephalitis

Rasmussen’s encephalitis (RE) is a rare pediatric neurological disorder, and the exact etiology is not clear. Viral infection may be involved in the pathogenesis of RE, but conflicting results have reported. In this study, we evaluated the expression of both Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) and human herpes virus (HHV) 6 antigens in brain sections from 30 patients with RE and 16 control individuals by immunohistochemistry. In the RE group, EBV and HHV6 antigens were detected in 56.7% (17/30) and 50% (15/30) of individuals, respectively. In contrast, no detectable EBV and HHV6 antigen expression was found in brain tissues of the control group. The co-expression of EBV and HHV6 was detected in 20.0% (6/30) of individuals. In particular, a 4-year-old boy had a typical clinical course, including a medical history of viral encephalitis, intractable epilepsy, and hemispheric atrophy. The co-expression of EBV and HHV6 was detected in neurons and astrocytes in the brain tissue, accompanied by a high frequency of CD8⁺ T cells. Our results suggest that EBV and HHV6 infection and the activation of CD8⁺ T cells are involved in the pathogenesis of RE.     

Perinatal Vertical Transmission of Chikungunya Virus in Ruili,a Town on the Border between China and Myanmar

正Dear Editor,Chikungunya virus (CHIKV), an arbovirus in the family of Togaviridae, genus Alphavirus, is transmitted by the A.aegyptii or A. albopictus mosquito, and causes disease in humans characterized by fever, rash, and arthralgia (Silva and Dermody 2017; Suhrbier 2019). It was first reported in 1953 in Tanzania, and caused only a few outbreaks and sporadic cases in Africa and Asia in last century. However, in the epidemic in 2004, CHIKV acquired mutations that conferred enhanced transmission by the A. albopictus mosquito(Schuffenecker et al. 2006). Since then, it has successively caused outbreaks in Africa, the Indian Ocean, South East Asia, the South America, and Europe (Zeller et al. 2016).     

Development of a Novel Reverse Transcription Loop-Mediated Isothermal Amplification Method for Rapid Detection of SARS-CoV-2

In conclusion, the novel visual RT-LAMP assay is a simple, rapid, and sensitive approach for detection of SARS-CoV-2, and it is ready for application in primary care and community hospitals or health care centers, and even patients' own houses in response to the current SARS-CoV-2 epidemic because the assay does not require sophisticated equipment and skilled personnel. Furthermore, it is also ready to be used in fields for screening samples from wild animals and environments to facilitate the identification of potential intermediate hosts that mediate the cross-species transmission of SARS-CoV-2 from bats to humans.