小鼠骨髓来源肥大细胞的培养及鉴定

目的:探讨小鼠骨髓来源肥大细胞体外大量培养及鉴定方法。方法:采用IL-3(10 ng/mL)和不同浓度的SCF联合刺激小鼠骨髓细胞,培养四周,采用普通光学显微镜观察细胞形态,牛鲍氏血细胞计数板进行细胞计数,甲苯胺蓝染色观察其胞浆颗粒物质,流式细胞仪检测细胞表面CD117和FcεRI的表达情况,β-己糖苷酶释放试验评估肥大细胞活化能力。结果:培养条件为10ng/mL IL-3和20 ng/mL SCF时,悬浮细胞数目能达到1×10~8细胞,其中CD117和FcεRI双阳性细胞比例达90%以上;甲苯胺蓝染色可见细胞胞浆含有大量紫红色颗粒;细胞经IgE-DNP致敏及DNP-HSA激发后,β-己糖苷酶释放率明显增加,且SCF能促进肥大细胞释放β-己糖苷酶。结论:采用10 ng/mL IL-3和20 ng/mL SCF诱导骨髓细胞能够获得大量高纯度的小鼠骨髓来源肥大细胞,为肥大细胞特性及功能学研究提供了基础。     

肥大细胞标本的快速简易制作方法

肥大细胞是大多数脊椎动物疏松结缔组织中常见的细胞 ,常成群地沿着小血管分布。该细胞胞质内充满着粗大的嗜碱性颗粒 ,其颗粒具有水溶性 ,用碱性染料染色时呈现异染性。通常在制作肥大细胞标本时先取皮下组织或肠系膜进行铺片 ,风干后经过固定液固定 ,再用甲苯胺蓝、硫堇等染色方法显示胞质内颗粒 ,然后再经脱水 ,透明和封片等常规操作程序完成标本制作。近年来 ,笔者根据该细胞胞质内嗜碱性颗粒具有异染性和水溶性特点 ,采用以酒精为溶剂的甲苯胺蓝染色液对风干后肥大细胞铺片标本不经固定而直接染色 ,染色后只经一道酒精洗去浮液 ,风干后…     

肥大细胞用甲苯胺蓝染色之体会

肥大细胞是存在于多种组织内的一类细胞 ,并因所在组织器官的不同而具有不同的功能。肥大细胞是抗感染免疫的第一线细胞 ,在疾病过程中具有重要作用 ,因此 ,研究肥大细胞的生物学性质具有重要的理论意义和广泛的应用价值。常用的肥大细胞染色方法有甲苯胺蓝染色法、阿尔辛蓝—番红染色法等。肥大细胞具有复杂的异质性 ,因此上述方法不仅难以全面反映其生物学特性 ,而且有时也难客观地反映其在组织中的分布。我们用改良的甲苯胺蓝染色法对食管、肠、子宫、乳腺等器官中的肥大细胞进行染色时得到了一点体会 ,供参考。甲苯胺蓝改良染色法 :根据…     

鸡中枢淋巴器官肥大细胞的组织化学与形态学

对哺乳动物的,特别是啮齿动物和人类肥大细胞已有了比较深入的研究, 但关于家禽肥大细胞的研究很少.本研究旨在阐明鸡中枢淋巴器官中肥大细胞的组织化学与形态学特征.本研究证实Carnoy 氏液是鸡肥大细胞的优良的固定液,而中性缓冲福尔马林(NBF) 却阻断了大多数肥大细胞的着染力.甲苯胺蓝和阿尔新蓝是鸡肥大细胞的良好的染料,但阿尔新蓝能使更多的肥大细胞着染,虽然其也可使杯状细胞着染.作者的一种新的染色法, 长时间阿尔新蓝染色(LAB-S)可用于NBF固定的组织中肥大细胞的染色,因为其着染的细胞数与Carnoy 氏液固定甲苯胺蓝染色的细胞数无显著差异(P<0.001).在胸腺髓质中见有大量的肥大细胞,而胸腺皮质仅可见个别肥大细胞位于血管周围及小叶间结缔组织中.腔上囊的皮质与髓质中很少见有肥大细胞.肥大细胞有血管周围分布的倾向,但一个有趣的发现是血管内偶尔也有个别肥大细胞.电镜下可见肥大细胞的胞浆颗粒内充满无定形的颗粒状基质,但其电子密度有的较高,有的较低.少数胞浆颗粒内有旋涡状及网状亚微结构.但未见有人类肥大细胞胞浆颗粒内特征性的晶格状和卷轴状的亚微结构,也未见到在绵羊肥大细胞中描述过的特殊亚微结构.     

不同固定液和染色方法显示山羊子宫内肥大细胞效果的比较

目的探讨用不同固定液和染色方法对显示处于间情期山羊子宫肥大细胞的影响。方法用四种不同的固定方法,应用改良甲苯胺蓝（MTB）染色法和阿尔辛蓝-番红花红（AB-S）染色法显示处于间情期山羊子宫肥大细胞。结果山羊子宫组织采用Carnoy氏液固定,MTB和AB-S染色对所有的肥大细胞均可获得良好的染色反应,但10％中性福尔马林,4％多聚甲醛,Bouin氏液固定的组织仅有少量肥大细胞着染。结论MTB和AB-S染色法均是山羊子宫肥大细胞良好的染色方法。     

新鲜组织肥大细胞快速染色方法的探讨与应用

目的探讨如何在组织内更好地显示肥大细胞。方法取大鼠后肢皮肤组织,经恒冷箱切片机切片,然后将组织切片直接入1%甲苯胺蓝染液进行染色。结果在新鲜组织切片内可见到较多充满蓝紫色颗粒的肥大细胞和它们分泌的蓝紫色颗粒。结论新鲜组织直接进行甲苯胺蓝染色可显示较多的肥大细胞。     

脱钙对鼠颅骨标本中肥大细胞组织化学与免疫组织化学染色的影响

目的:探讨脱钙对鼠颅骨标本中肥大细胞组织化学与免疫组织化学染色影响.方法:用不同脱钙液处理小鼠颅骨标本,组织切片后进行苏木素一伊红染色、甲苯胺蓝染色、醛品红染色以及免疫组织化学染色.结果:经过不同脱钙液处理后的颅骨组织切片组织结构保存完好,肥大细胞的组织化学染色(甲苯胺蓝和醛品红染色),及肥大细胞中胰蛋白酶的免疫组织化学染色清晰.结论:不同脱钙液(8%盐酸脱钙液、EDTA脱钙液、混合酸脱钙液)处理不影响鼻腔粘膜中肥大细胞的组织化学和免疫组织化学染色.     

不同动物肥大细胞光镜的结构观察

研究不同种间肥大细胞的异同,为减轻排异反应提供了一定的理论依据。实验用甲醛固定,甲苯胺蓝染色。实验结果显示不同种的肥大细胞形态学结构不尽相同。禽类的肥大细胞与哺乳动物的相似,呈圆形、卵圆形,胞浆内含丰富的异染颗粒是其最显著的形态学特征。牛羊等的肥大细胞在低倍镜下形态多样,呈长梭形、椭圆形、不规则形,有的细胞表面可见细胞突起。     

从甲状腺肥大细胞探讨胎儿器官肥大细胞的差异

研究肥大细胞在人胎儿甲状腺发育中数量、分布及组化性质的改变,以探讨胎儿器官发育中肥大细胞的差异。取45例不同胎龄的人胎甲状腺石蜡切片做甲苯胺蓝染色和阿尔辛蓝－－藏红染色,并测定肥大细胞的临界电解质浓度值及进行硫酸小蘖硷荧光染色。结果显示：3月龄胎儿甲状腺内开始出现肥大细胞,数量极少,主要分布在被膜及小叶间结缔组织内,甲苯胺蓝染色肥大细胞颗粒呈淡紫蓝色,阿尔辛蓝－－藏红染色呈蓝色,临界电解质浓度值较低,硫酸小蘖硷染色未见显黄色荧乐的肥大细胞,从3月龄到足月随着胎龄增长,肥大细胞数量缓慢增多,8月龄时肥大细胞经甲苯胺蓝染色,其颗粒呈紫红色,阿尔辛蓝－－藏红染色出现少量含红色和红蓝混合染色颗粒的肥大细胞,临界电解质浓度值偏高,可见少量显黄色荧光的肥大细胞,结果表明：在人胎儿3月龄时甲状腺发育中开始出现肥大细胞,但随胎儿发育肥大细胞的组化性质改变不明显。     

奥尼罗非鱼胃肠道中肥大细胞的分布特征

本研究采用改良甲苯胺蓝染色法探讨了奥尼罗非鱼(Oreochromis niloticus ♀×O. aureus♂)胃肠道肥大细胞的分布及其形态特点。结果发现,经甲苯胺蓝染色的肥大细胞其核着深蓝色,颗粒被染成紫红色,着色深浅不一。肥大细胞大小不一,形态各异,呈圆形、椭圆形或梭形、菱形,散在或集中分布在黏膜层固有膜和黏膜下层,尤其常见分布于小血管周围。经统计,肥大细胞在奥尼罗非鱼的胃、幽门盲囊、后肠、前肠、中肠的数量依次减少。胃和幽门盲囊内肥大细胞数量显著高于前肠和中肠(P0.05),与后肠无显著差异;前肠、中肠和后肠内肥大细胞数量并无明显差别。     

A Unique Protease Cleavage Site Predicted in the Spike Protein of the Novel Pneumonia Coronavirus (2019-nCoV) Potentially Related to Viral Transmissibility

正Dear Editor,In December 2019, a novel human coronavirus caused an epidemic of severe pneumonia(Coronavirus Disease 2019,COVID-19) in Wuhan, Hubei, China(Wu et al. 2020; Zhu et al. 2020). So far, this virus has spread to all areas of China and even to other countries. The epidemic has caused 67,102 confirmed infections with 1526 fatal cases     

Curcuminoids as inhibitors of thioredoxin reductase: A receptor based pharmacophore study with distance mapping of the active site

Curcumin is the yellow pigment of turmeric that interacts irreversibly forming an adduct with thioredoxin reductase (TrxR), an enzyme responsible for redox control of cell and defence against oxidative stress. Docking at both the active sites of TrxR was performed to compare the potency of three naturally occurring curcuminoids, namely curcumin, demethoxy curcumin and bis-demethoxy curcumin. Results show that active sites of TrxR occur at the junction of E and F chains. Volume and area of both cavities is predicted. It has been concluded by distance mapping of the most active conformations that Se atom of catalytic residue SeCYS498, is at a distance of 3.56 from C13 of demethoxy curcumin at the E chain active site, whereas C13 carbon atom forms adduct with Se atom of SeCys 498. We report that at least one methoxy group in curcuminoids is necessary for interation with catalytic residues of thioredoxin. Pharmacophore of both active sites of the TrxR receptor for curcumin and demethoxy curcumin molecules has been drawn and proposed for design and synthesis of most probable potent antiproliferative synthetic drugs.     

Comparative morphology of the carpel in the Liliaceae: Hewardieae, Petrosavieae, and Tricyrteae

The young pistils in the melanthioid tribes, Hewardieae, Petrosavieae and Tricyrteae, are uniformly tricarpellate and syncarpous. They lack raphide idioblasts. All are multiovulate, with bitegmic ovules. The Petrosavieae are marked by the presence of septal glands and incomplete syncarpy. Tepals and stamens adhere to the ovary in the Hewardieae and the Petrosavieae but not in the Tricyrteae. Two vascular bundles occur in the stamens of the Hewartlieae and Tricyrtis latifolia. Ventral bundles in the upper part of the ovary of the Hewardieae are continuous with compound septal bundles and placental bundles in the lower part. Putative ventral bundles occur in the alternate position in the Tricyrteae and putative placental bundles in the opposite. position in the Petrosavieae. The dichtomously branched stigma in each carpel of the Tricyrteae is supplied by a bifurcated dorsal bundle.     

Enterovirus 71 3C proteolytically processes the histone H3 N-terminal tail during infection

Highlights
1. The N-terminal tail of histone H3 is specifically cleaved during EV71 infection.
2. Viral protease 3C is identified as a protease responsible for proteolytically processing the N-terminal H3 tail.
3. Our finding reveals a new epigenetic regulatory mechanism for Enterovirus 71 in virus-host interactions.     

Detection of EBV and HHV6 in the Brain Tissue of Patients with Rasmussen’s Encephalitis

Rasmussen’s encephalitis (RE) is a rare pediatric neurological disorder, and the exact etiology is not clear. Viral infection may be involved in the pathogenesis of RE, but conflicting results have reported. In this study, we evaluated the expression of both Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) and human herpes virus (HHV) 6 antigens in brain sections from 30 patients with RE and 16 control individuals by immunohistochemistry. In the RE group, EBV and HHV6 antigens were detected in 56.7% (17/30) and 50% (15/30) of individuals, respectively. In contrast, no detectable EBV and HHV6 antigen expression was found in brain tissues of the control group. The co-expression of EBV and HHV6 was detected in 20.0% (6/30) of individuals. In particular, a 4-year-old boy had a typical clinical course, including a medical history of viral encephalitis, intractable epilepsy, and hemispheric atrophy. The co-expression of EBV and HHV6 was detected in neurons and astrocytes in the brain tissue, accompanied by a high frequency of CD8⁺ T cells. Our results suggest that EBV and HHV6 infection and the activation of CD8⁺ T cells are involved in the pathogenesis of RE.     

Perinatal Vertical Transmission of Chikungunya Virus in Ruili,a Town on the Border between China and Myanmar

正Dear Editor,Chikungunya virus (CHIKV), an arbovirus in the family of Togaviridae, genus Alphavirus, is transmitted by the A.aegyptii or A. albopictus mosquito, and causes disease in humans characterized by fever, rash, and arthralgia (Silva and Dermody 2017; Suhrbier 2019). It was first reported in 1953 in Tanzania, and caused only a few outbreaks and sporadic cases in Africa and Asia in last century. However, in the epidemic in 2004, CHIKV acquired mutations that conferred enhanced transmission by the A. albopictus mosquito(Schuffenecker et al. 2006). Since then, it has successively caused outbreaks in Africa, the Indian Ocean, South East Asia, the South America, and Europe (Zeller et al. 2016).     

Development of a Novel Reverse Transcription Loop-Mediated Isothermal Amplification Method for Rapid Detection of SARS-CoV-2

In conclusion, the novel visual RT-LAMP assay is a simple, rapid, and sensitive approach for detection of SARS-CoV-2, and it is ready for application in primary care and community hospitals or health care centers, and even patients' own houses in response to the current SARS-CoV-2 epidemic because the assay does not require sophisticated equipment and skilled personnel. Furthermore, it is also ready to be used in fields for screening samples from wild animals and environments to facilitate the identification of potential intermediate hosts that mediate the cross-species transmission of SARS-CoV-2 from bats to humans.