布地奈德雾化吸入对毛细支气管炎患儿血清IL-4、IFN-γ、TNF-α及T淋巴细胞亚群的影响

目的:研究布地奈德雾化吸入治疗小儿毛细支气管炎的临床疗效及对血清白介素-4(IL-4)和γ干扰素(IFN-γ)、肿瘤坏死因子-α(TNF-α)及T淋巴细胞亚群的影响。方法:研究对象选取我院2014年1月到2017年1月收治的毛细支气管炎患儿70例,采用随机数字法将其分为对照组和观察组,每组35例。对照组患者给予吸氧、控制喘憋和抗病原体等常规治疗,观察组患者在对照组的基础上雾化吸入布地奈德联合特布他林及异丙托溴铵治疗。比较两组患者的治疗总有效率,各症状和体征缓解时间和住院时间,治疗前后的血清IL-4、IFN-γ、TNF-α和T淋巴细胞亚群CD3~+、CD4~+、CD8~+、及CD4~+/CD8~+水平的变化。结果:治疗后,观察组的治疗总有效率(97.14%)明显高于对照组(71.43%)(P=0.00);观察组气促缓解时间、哮鸣音消失时间、湿啰音消失时间、咳嗽消失时间、心率正常时间、住院时间明显短于对照组(P0.01);观察组患者的CD3~+、CD4~+、及CD4~+/CD8~+细胞比值、血清IFN-γ水平均明显低于高于对照组,CD8~+、血清IL-4、TNF-α水平明显低于对照组(P0.05)。结论:布地奈德雾化吸入治疗毛细支气管炎的临床疗效显著,可有效抑制炎症,增强机体免疫功能,且治疗安全性较高。     

复方辛夷滴鼻液联合氯雷他定治疗儿童变应性鼻炎的疗效及对患儿免疫功能指标的影响

目的:研究复方辛夷滴鼻液联合氯雷他定治疗儿童变应性鼻炎的疗效及对患儿免疫功能指标的影响。方法:选取2016年10月至2017年10月在我院接受诊治的126例变应性鼻炎患儿作为研究对象,参照随机数表法分成对照组、研究组,每组各63例。对照组患儿仅接受氯雷他定治疗,研究组患儿接受复方辛夷滴鼻液联合氯雷他定治疗,两组均持续治疗2个月。对比两组患儿的治疗效果及治疗前后CD3~+、CD4~+、CD8~+、CD4~+/CD8~+、血清白细胞介素-4(IL-4)、γ-干扰素(IFN-γ)水平的变化。结果:治疗后,研究组治疗总有效率[95.2%(60/63)]显著高于对照组[81.0%(51/63)],差异有统计学意义(P0.05);两组患儿的CD3~+、CD4~+、CD4~+/CD8~+水平均高于治疗前,且研究组高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P0.05);两组患儿的CD8~+水平均低于治疗前,且研究组低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P0.05);两组患儿的血清IL-4水平均低于治疗前,且研究组低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P0.05);两组患儿的血清IFN-γ水平均高于治疗前,且研究组高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论:复方辛夷滴鼻液联合氯雷他定治疗儿童变应性鼻炎的临床效果显著优于单用氯雷他定治疗,其能有效减轻机体炎症水平,提高机体免疫功能。     

分泌性中耳炎患者外周血Th1Th2细胞及T淋巴细胞亚群水平的表达及临床意义

目的:探讨分泌性中耳炎(SOM)患者外周血T辅助细胞1(Th1)、T辅助细胞2(Th2)细胞因子及T淋巴细胞亚群水平的表达及其临床意义。方法:选取我院于2015年1月至2018年1月期间收治的SOM患者135例记为SOM组,根据病程将患者分为急性组(病程14d,49例)、亚急性组(病程14-30d,53例)、慢性组(病程30d,33例)。另外选择同期于我院进行体检的100例健康者为对照组。分别对比SOM组和对照组受试者、不同病程SOM患者外周血Th1细胞因子[干扰素(INF-γ)、白细胞介素-2(IL-2)]、Th2细胞因子[白细胞介素-4(IL-4)、白细胞介素-10(IL-10)]以及T淋巴细胞亚群[CD3~+、CD4~+、CD8~+、CD4~+/CD8~+]水平。采用Pearson相关性分析INF-γ、IL-2、IL-4、IL-10与CD3~+、CD4~+、CD8~+、CD4~+/CD8~+的相关性。结果:SOM组患者外周血INF-γ、IL-2、IL-4、IL-10水平高于对照组(P0.05);急性组患者外周血INF-γ、IL-2、IL-4、IL-10水平低于亚急性组、慢性组,亚急性组患者外周血INF-γ、IL-2、IL-4、IL-10水平低于慢性组(P0.05)。SOM组患者外周血CD3~+、CD4~+、CD4~+/CD8~+水平低于对照组,CD8~+水平高于对照组(P0.05);急性组患者外周血CD3~+、CD4~+、CD4~+/CD8~+水平高于亚急性组、慢性组,CD8~+水平低于亚急性组、慢性组,亚急性组患者外周血CD3~+、CD4~+、CD4~+/CD8~+水平高于慢性组,CD8~+水平低于慢性组(P0.05)。Pearson相关性分析结果显示,SOM患者外周血INF-γ、IL-4与CD8~+呈正相关(P0.05),IL-4与CD3~+、CD4~+呈负相关(P0.05)。结论:SOM患者外周血Th1Th2细胞因子、T淋巴细胞亚群水平均表现异常,且其水平与疾病发生和发展存在一定联系,通过监测Th1Th2细胞因子、T淋巴细胞亚群有助于评估SOM患者病情。     

艾曲波帕联合硫唑嘌呤治疗RITP的疗效及其作用机制研究

目的:探究艾曲波帕联合硫唑嘌呤治疗难治性原发免疫性血小板减少症(refractory idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura,RITP)的效果及其作用机制。方法:选择我院于2016年1月~2020年1月收治的难治性原发免疫性血小板减少症患者61例为研究对象,根据入院顺序经随机数字表法分成两组:对照组和研究组。对照组30例应用硫唑嘌呤治疗,研究组31例应用艾曲波帕联合硫唑嘌呤治疗。对比两组治疗效果、外周血Th淋巴细胞因子水平、B1淋巴细胞百分数、氧化应激反应指标。结果:研究组的治疗总有效率90.32%显著高于对照组(73.33%,P<0.05);治疗前,两组的白介素(interleukin,IL)-2、γ干扰素(interferon-γ,IFN-γ)、IL-4、IL-5水平对比无显著性差异(P>0.05);治疗后,两组的IL-2、IFN-γ水平均降低,IL-4、IL-5水平均升高,且研究组更优(P<0.05);治疗前,两组的CD19+淋巴细胞百分数、CD5+CD19+淋巴细胞百分数对比无显著性差异(P>0.05);治疗后,两组的CD19+淋巴细胞百分数、CD5+CD19+淋巴细胞百分数均比治疗前显著降低,且研究组显著低于对照组(P<0.05);治疗前,两组的总抗氧化能力(total antioxidant capacity,TAC)、超氧化物歧化酶(superoxide dismutase,SOD)、褪黑素(melatonin,MT)与谷胱甘肽(glutathione,GSH)水平对比无显著性差异(P>0.05);治疗后,两组的TAC、SOD、MT、GSH水平均比治疗前显著升高,且研究组显著高于对照组(P<0.05)。结论:艾曲波帕联合硫唑嘌呤治疗RITP的效果显著,其作用机制可能与改善患者的免疫功能及氧化应激状态有关,该方法值得推荐至临床广泛应用。     

康艾注射液在子宫颈癌术后同步放化疗中的应用及对患者血清IGF-2、SCC、IFN-γ水平的影响

目的:分析康艾注射液用于子宫颈癌术后同步放化疗中的临床效果及对患者血清胰岛素样生长因子-2(IGF-2)、鳞状细胞癌抗原(SCC)、干扰素-γ(IFN-γ)水平的影响。方法:选择我院2014年8月～2016年8月收治的102例子宫颈癌患者,依据抽签法分为对照组与研究组,每组各51例。两组均行腹腔镜宫颈癌切除术,对照组于术后采用同步放化疗,研究组基于对照组加以康艾注射液治疗。比较两组的临床疗效,治疗前后血清IGF-2、SCC、IFN-γ水平,NK细胞、CD3~+、CD4~+、CD8~+、CD4~+/CD8~+以及不良反应的发生情况。结果:治疗后,研究组总有效率显著高于对照组(P0.05)。治疗后,两组血清IGF-2、SCC、IFN-γ水平、CD8~+均较治疗前显著降低,且研究组以上指标显著低于对照组;两组NK细胞、CD3~+、CD4~+均较治疗前明显上升,且研究组以上指标显著高于对照组,差异均有统计学意义(P0.05)。研究组不良反应的发生率明显低于对照组(P0.05)。结论:康艾注射液用于子宫颈癌术后同步放化疗的临床效果确切,且能够显著降低患者血清IGF-2、SCC、IFN-γ水平并改善患者的免疫功能。     

高渗盐水雾化吸入治疗儿童支原体肺炎继发哮喘发作及对其T淋巴细胞亚群及Th1、Th2型细胞因子的影响

目的:探讨高渗盐水雾化吸入治疗儿童支原体肺炎继发哮喘发作的临床疗效及对其T淋巴细胞亚群及Th1、Th2型细胞因子的影响。方法:选取我院2015年6月到2017年6月间收治的支原体肺炎继发哮喘发作患儿100例为研究对象。随机分为对照组和观察组,各50例。两组均给予吸氧、抗生素、维持酸碱度、电解质平衡及相应症状等对症治疗,对照组给予生理盐水结合沙丁胺醇进行雾化治疗,观察组采用3%高渗盐水结合沙丁胺醇进行雾化治疗,比较两组患儿发热、咳嗽、肺内啰音、咽部肿痒等症状消失时间及临床疗效;比较两组治疗前后CD3~+、CD4~+、CD8~+、CD4~+/CD8~+、IFN-γ及IL-4水平情况。结果:观察组患儿发热、咳嗽、肺内啰音、咽部肿痒等临床症状消失时间显著早于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P0.05);观察组总有效率96.00%明显高于对照组80.00%,差异有统计学意义(P0.05);两组患儿治疗前CD3~+、CD4~+、CD8~+、CD4~+/CD8~+、IFN-γ及IL-4水平比较差异无统计学意义(P0.05);治疗后CD3~+、CD4~+、CD4~+/CD8~+及IFN-γ水平均明显升高,CD8~+及IL-4水平明显降低,差异均有统计学意义(均P0.05);且观察组治疗后CD3~+、CD4~+、CD4~+/CD8~+及IFN-γ水平均明显高于对照组,CD8~+及IL-4水平明显低于对照组,差异均有统计学意义(均P0.05)。结论:高渗盐水雾化吸入能够显著改善支原体肺炎继发哮喘发作患儿临床症状,提高CD3~+、CD4~+、CD4~+/CD8~+及Th1水平,抑制CD8~+及Th2水平,临床疗效确切,值得临床推广应用。     

乌司他丁治疗支气管哮喘的临床疗效及血清IL-2, IL-4及T细胞亚群的变化分析

目的:探讨乌司他丁治疗支气管哮喘的临床研究及血清白介素(IL)-2、IL-4、T细胞亚群的变化。方法:选择2014年1月至2016年10月我院接诊的98例支气管哮喘患者,通过随机数表法分为观察组(n=49)和对照组(n=49)。对照组使用常规治疗,包括抗炎、改善通气、纠正酸碱平衡紊乱、雾化吸入糖皮质激素及β2受体激动剂、补充电解质等,观察组联合乌司他丁治疗,均连续治疗7 d。比较两组临床疗效、临床症状消退时间,并于治疗前后采集3 mL空腹静脉血,使用流式细胞仪检测血清IL-2、IL-4、T细胞亚群的变化。结果:治疗后,观察组临床疗效总有效率明显高于对照组(P0.05);观察组呼吸困难、哮鸣音、胸闷、咳嗽症状消退时间明显比对照组短(P0.05);治疗前,两组血清IL-2、IL-4比较差异不明显(P0.05),和治疗前比较,两组治疗后血清IL-2、IL-4均得到显著改善(P0.05),观察组血清IL-2明显高于对照组,血清IL-4明显比对照组低(P0.05);T细胞亚群中,两组治疗前CD3~+、CD4~+、CD8~+、CD4~+/CD8~+比较无显著差异(P0.05),治疗后,两组CD3~+、CD4~+、CD8~+、CD4~+/CD8~+水平较治疗前均显著改善(P0.05),观察组CD3~+、CD4~+、CD4~+/CD8~+均比明显对照组高,CD8~+明显低于对照组(P0.05)。结论:在支气管哮喘患者中应用乌司他丁效果显著,可有效缓解临床症状,改善血清IL-2、IL-4及T细胞亚群的表达,调节机体免疫功能,临床应用价值高。     

雪灵芝粗多糖对小鼠免疫细胞增殖与功能的体外激活作用

为观察雪灵芝粗多糖(Arenaria kansuensis crude polysaccharide,AKCP)对体外培养的小鼠脾淋巴细胞、NK细胞和腹腔巨噬细胞增殖与功能的影响。以不同浓度AKCP作用于体外培养的上述细胞48 h,采用中性红吞噬实验及NO释放实验检测巨噬细胞功能,MTT法检测脾淋巴细胞增殖及NK细胞杀伤活性,流式细胞术检测脾淋巴细胞CD3~+、CD4~+、CD8~+亚群,ELISA法检测脾细胞培养上清中IL-2和IFN-γ水平。结果显示,AKCP各浓度组小鼠腹腔巨噬细胞的吞噬活性和NO释放量、脾淋巴细胞刺激指数及培养上清中IFN-γ水平、NK细胞杀伤活性均高于空白对照组(P0.05);AKCP中浓度组脾淋巴细胞CD3~+、CD4~+亚群及培养上清中IL-2水平也明显升高(P0.05)。提示AKCP对小鼠免疫细胞的增殖与功能具有体外激活作用。     

肺癌患者外周血淋巴细胞亚群水平的表达及临床意义

目的:探讨肺癌患者外周血淋巴细胞亚群水平的表达及临床意义。方法:选择2016年3月~2017年3月期间我院收治的88例肺癌患者作为研究组,选择同期于我院进行健康体检的88例受检者作为对照组。两组研究对象均通过流式细胞仪检测外周血T淋巴细胞亚群水平。观察对比两组研究对象外周血T淋巴细胞亚群的表达水平,以及研究组不同临床病理特征患者外周血T淋巴细胞亚群的表达水平。结果:研究组CD4~+/CD8~+、CD4~+、CD3~+表达水平均低于对照组,CD8~+表达水平高于对照组,差异具有统计学意义(P0.05)。研究组Ⅲ期与Ⅳ期患者CD4~+/CD8~+、CD4~+、CD3~+表达水平均低于Ⅰ期与Ⅱ期,Ⅲ期与Ⅳ期患者CD8~+表达水平高于Ⅰ期与Ⅱ期(P0.05);小细胞肺癌患者CD4~+/CD8~+、CD4~+、CD3~+表达水平均低于非小细胞肺癌患者,CD8~+表达水平高于非小细胞肺癌患者,差异具有统计学意义(P0.05)。不同性别、年龄、肿瘤分化程度肺癌患者CD4~+/CD8~+、CD8~+、CD4~+、CD3~+水平无统计学差异(P0.05)。结论:肺癌患者外周血淋巴细胞亚群水平的表达呈现异常状态,且表达水平与疾病的分期和病理分型有关。     

润肺健脾益肾汤对小儿过敏性咳嗽淋巴细胞亚群绝对计数的影响

目的:探讨润肺健脾益肾汤对小儿过敏性咳嗽淋巴细胞亚群绝对计数的影响。方法:选择自2017年5月至2019年1月在盘锦辽油宝石花医院(我院)儿科就诊的过敏性咳嗽患儿128例,根据随机数字表法把患儿分为中药组与对照组,各64例,对照组给予沙丁胺醇治疗,观察组在对照组治疗对的基础上给予润肺健脾益肾汤治疗,两组都治疗观察14 d,记录淋巴细胞亚群绝对计数变化情况。结果:治疗后中药组的总有效率为98.3%,显著高于对照组的88.3%(P0.05)。两组治疗后的1s用力呼气容积(Forced expiratory volume in one second,FEV1)和1s用力呼气容积肺活量(Forced vital capacity,FVC)值都显著高于治疗前(P0.05),中药组也显著高于对照组(P0.05)。两组治疗后的血清白细胞介素(interleukine,IL)-4、IL-13水平都显著低于治疗前(P0.05),中药组也显著低于对照组(P0.05)。两组治疗后的CD4~+T淋巴细胞绝对计数显著高于治疗前(P0.05),中药组也显著高于对照组(P0.05),两组治疗前后CD8~+T淋巴细胞绝对计数比较无差异(P0.05)。结论:润肺健脾益肾汤治疗小儿过敏性咳嗽能提高CD4~+T淋巴细胞亚群绝对计数水平,抑制炎症因子的表达,从而改善患儿的肺功能,提高治疗效果。     

Relative and combined effects of ethanol and protein deficiency on strontium and barium bone content and fecal and urinary excretion

To elucidate accumulation of minerals in human iliac arteries with aging, the content of minerals was analyzed by inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometry. Bilateral common, internal, and external iliac arteries of 16 men and 8 women, ranging ages from 65 to 93 yr, were examined. It was found that an extremely high accumulation of calcium and phosphorus occurred in the common iliac artery at old age, being higher than that of the internal and external iliac arteries. It should be noted that the accumulation of calcium and phosphorus is the highest in the common iliac artery among the human arteries examined to date. Regarding sexual differences, the content of calcium and phosphorus in the common and internal iliac arteries was higher in women than in men, whereas their content in the external iliac artery was lower in women than in men.     

New amino-dithiaphospholanes and phosphoramidodithioites and their rhodium and iridium complexes

New sulfur derivatives of phosphoramidite ligands were synthesized and the impact of the sulfur unit on the spectroscopic properties of their rhodium and iridium complexes was investigated. The new ligands Bn₂NPSCH₂CH₂S^a(P-S^a) (Bn = benzyl, 4), Bn₂NPSCHCHS^a(CH₂)₃C^aH₂(P-S^a)(C^a-S^a) (6) and Bn₂NP(4-XC₆H₄OMe)₂ (X = S, 7a; X = O, 7b) were converted to the rhodium and iridium complexes trans-[Rh(CO)Cl(L)₂] (L = 4, 6, 7), [RhCl(COD)(L)] (L = 4, 6, 7), [IrCl(COD)(7a)] and [IrCl₂Cp∗(6)]. For comparison, some phosphoramidite complexes of these formulations also were synthesized. The new metal complexes were spectroscopically analyzed. For the carbonyl complexes, the ν_CO IR stretching frequencies were lower than for the corresponding phosphite and phosphoramidite ligands. The ¹J_PRh coupling constants for the rhodium complexes with the new ligands were also smaller than for the respective phosphoramidite and phosphite complexes. Finally, the ¹J_PSe coupling constants of the selenides of the new ligands were lower than those of the phosphoramidite ligands but higher than for PPh₃. The spectroscopic data reveal that the new thio ligands 4, 6 and 7a are more electron donating than phosphites and phosphoramidites but less electron donating than PPh₃.     

Astrocytes and Synaptosomes Transport and Metabolize Lactate and Acetate Differently

Astrocytes transport the monocarboxylate acetate, but synaptosomes do not. The reason for this is unknown, because both preparations express monocarboxylate transporters (MCT). The transport and metabolism of lactate, another monocarboxylate, was examined in these two preparations, and the results were compared to those for acetate. Lactate transport is more rapid in astrocytes than in synaptosomes, but of lower affinity (Kms of 17 and 4 mM, respectively). Lactate (0.2 mM) is metabolized to CO2 more rapidly in synaptosomes than in astrocytes (rates of 0.37 and 0.07 nmol x mg protein(-1) x min(-1), respectively). The reason for this is unclear, but cellular differences in lactate dehydrogenase isotype expression may be involved. Acetate is metabolized to CO2 more rapidly in astrocytes than in synaptosomes (rates of 0.43 and 0.02 nmol x mg protein(-1) x min(-1), respectively). This is likely due to cellular differences in the expression of monocarboxylate transporter subtypes.     

白蚁与动物及微生物的共生类型及其机制

综述了白蚁螱客的主要种类、共生关系及相关机制的研究进展。白蚁螱客中,已报道的动物种类达170种。在与动物的共生关系中存在偏利共生（宾主共栖和异种共栖）、互利共生和无关共生三种;在与微生物的共生关系中,存在与内生菌（原生动物、细菌、真菌和放线菌）和外生菌（蚁巢伞菌等）间的互利关系。指出了白蚁与螱客研究中存在的问题,给出了解决方案,并提出了今后可能的研究热点或方向,为白蚁的综合利用（如纤维素酶）及今后研究物种间的协同进化提供了基础资料。     

Rapporteur report: Basics and technology and metrology and standards

The first and second sessions of the Workshop focussed on the basics of ultrasound and infrasound, their applications in both industry and medicine, and metrology and protection standards for ultrasound applications.     

Prostaglandin and thromboxane production by human and guinea-pig macrophages and leucocytes

The ability of partially purified human and guinea-pig haematogenous cell populations, when cultured in vitro, to metabolise arachidonic acid (AA) has been studied. Supernatants from 24 hour cell culture have been subjected to analysis for products of AA metabolism by gas chromatography with electron-capture detection.The cell types studied were human peripheral blood monocytes (both glass adherent and non-adherent), neutrophils, eosinophils and leukemic leucocytes; thoracic duct lymphocytes and lung alveolar macrophages. From the guinea-pig, induced and non-induced macrophage or neutrophil enriched peritoneal exudate populations, lymph node cells, peritoneal eosinophils and peripheral blood platelets were examined. Supernatants were assayed for the presence of PGE₂, PGD₂, PGF_2α, TXB₂ and 6-keto-PGF_1α. In all types studied PGE₂ and TXB₂ were the major products formed. The identification of PGE₂ and TXB₂ was confirmed by GC/MS with multiple ion monitoring.The results have been compared with other reports and their possible significance discussed in relation to the proposed role of prostaglandins as mediators and modulators in immunopathology.     

Cytoskeleton and mitochondrial morphology and function

It has been well established that the cytoskeleton is an essential modulator of cell morphology and motility, intracytoplasmic transport and mitosis, however cytoskeletal linkage to the organelles has not been unequivocally demonstrated. Indeed, cytoskeleton appears to be essential in determining and modulating gene phenotype as a function of cellular environment. According to recent studies, the organization of the cytoskeleton network together with associated protein(s) could be essential in regulating mitochondrial function and particularly the permeability of the mitochondrial outer membrane to ADP. The aim of this chapter is to summarize the main properties of the cytoskeletal environment of mitochondria and the possible role(s) of this network in mitochondrial function in myocytes.     

人血管能抑素基因的克隆、表达及其表达产物的纯化和生物活性测定

以人胎盘脐带组织为材料,提取组织总RNA,用netRTPCR方法合成人血管能抑素cDNA基因,将该cDNA克隆进pSP72载体获得重组质粒pSP72C, DNA序列分析结果与预期序列一致。用BamHⅠ和NdeⅠ双酶切,切下pSP72C上的血管能抑素cDNA,插入pET3c载体的相应位点获得重组表达质粒pETC, 转化E. coli BL21(DE3), SDSPAGE分析显示：在IPTG诱导下,血管能抑素基因获得了高效表达,表达量约占菌体总蛋白的 27.9 %,主要以包涵体形式存在。包涵体经过洗涤、裂解、蛋白复性以及Sephadex G75凝胶过滤层析等步骤后,获得了纯度达91.4 %的人血管能抑素。CAM实验证明10 μg纯化蛋白就能显著抑制鸡胚新生血管生成。