氯雷他定对急性支气管炎患儿免疫功能及炎症反应的影响

目的:分析氯雷他定对急性支气管炎患儿免疫功能及炎症反应的影响。方法:收集我院收治的急性支气管炎患儿100例,将其随机分为对照组与观察组,每组50例。对照组患儿给予常规治疗;观察组患儿给予常规治疗联合氯雷他定治疗。比较两组患儿治疗前后动脉氧分压(PaO_2)、二氧化碳分压(PaCO_2)、CD3~+、CD4~+、CD4~+/CD8~+、免疫球蛋白A(IgA)、免疫球蛋白G(IgG)、免疫球蛋白M(IgM)、血清降钙素原(PCT)、C反应蛋白(CRP)及白介素-6(IL-6)水平的变化。结果:治疗后,观察组患儿PaO_2水平明显高于对照组,PaCO_2水平明显低于对照组(P0.05);两组患儿细胞免疫及体液免疫水平较治疗前比较均显著升高(P0.05),且观察组患儿CD3~+、CD4~+、CD4~+/CD8~+、IgA、IgG及IgM水平明显高于对照组患儿(P0.05)。治疗后,两组患儿血清中PCT、CRP及IL-6水平均较治疗前显著降低,且观察组患儿上述炎症因子水平明显低于对照组患儿(P0.05)。结论:氯雷他定治疗小儿急性支气管炎可显著提高患儿的免疫功能,抑制炎症因子释放,缓解炎症反应,临床效果显著。     

过敏性鼻炎患儿淋巴细胞亚群与血清IgE水平变化及意义

目的:研究过敏性鼻炎患儿淋巴细胞亚群与血清免疫球蛋白E(IgE)水平变化及其临床意义,为临床诊疗提供依据。方法:选取2015年6月到2016年6月我院收治的过敏性鼻炎患儿103例为研究组,另选取同期健康体检者103例为对照组,应用流式细胞技术检测CD3~+、CD4~+、CD19~+、CD8~+、CD4~+CD25~+水平,应用酶联免疫吸附法检测白介素-4(IL-4)、白介素-5(IL-5)和干扰素-γ(IFN-γ)水平,应用免疫比浊法检测IgE水平,对比两组淋巴细胞亚群水平、血清中IL-4、IL-5、IFN-γ水平及IgE水平的变化,并分析其相关性。结果:研究组CD3~+、CD4~+、CD8~+、CD4~+CD25~+显著低于对照组,CD19~+显著高于对照组,比较差异具有统计学意义(P0.05);研究组IL-4、IL-5水平显著高于对照组,IFN-γ水平显著低于对照组,比较差异具有统计学意义(P0.05);研究组IgE水平显著高于对照组,比较差异具有统计学意义(P0.05);相关性分析显示:CD19~+与IgE水平呈正相关关系(P0.05)。结论:淋巴细胞亚群失衡、血清IgE均与过敏性鼻炎有关,在过敏性鼻炎发生和发展中发挥重要作用。     

氯雷他定联合布地奈德鼻喷剂治疗过敏性鼻炎的疗效及对Th1/Th2细胞因子的影响

目的:探究氯雷他定联合布地奈德鼻喷剂治疗过敏性鼻炎的临床疗效及对Th1/Th2细胞因子的影响。方法:选取我院2016年1月至2017年1月收治的过敏性鼻炎患者110例,按随机数字法分为实验组与对照组,两组均为55例。对照组的治疗方法为采用氯雷他定,实验组治疗则在对照组的基础上联合布地奈德鼻喷剂,30 d为一个疗程。对比两组患者治疗30d后的临床疗效、症状缓解时间和不良反应情况,以及治疗前、治疗30 d后Th1/Th2细胞因子白介素-4(IL-4)、γ-干扰素(IFN-γ)的表达水平。结果:治疗30 d后的总有效率,实验组显著高于对照组(P0.05),实验组喷嚏、流涕、鼻痒症状缓解时间显著短于对照组(P0.05),两组疲劳感、肠胃不适、头痛、皮疹发生率比较无统计学差异(P0.05);治疗30d后两组IL-4表达水平显著低于治疗前(P0.05),IFN-γ表达水平显著高于治疗前(P0.05),实验组IL-4表达水平显著低于对照组(P0.05),IFN-γ表达水平显著高于对照组(P0.05)。结论:氯雷他定联合布地奈德鼻喷剂治疗过敏性鼻炎疗效较好,可显著改善患者临床症状,增强患者免疫功能,安全性较好,值得临床推广。     

氯雷他定联合甲基强的松冲击治疗小儿过敏性紫癜的临床疗效

目的:观察氯雷他定联合甲基强的松冲击疗法治疗小儿过敏性紫癜的疗效,及其对患儿血清免疫学指标的影响。方法:将180例过敏性紫癜患儿随机分为对照组和观察组,每组各90例。所有患者均接受包括氯雷他定的基础治疗,观察组在此基础上加用甲基强的松冲击治疗。观察并比较两组的临床疗效、临床症状消失时间及治疗前后血清免疫学指标的变化情况。结果:观察组患儿治愈率和总有效率显著高于对照组,差异具有统计学意义(P0.05);观察组临床症状消失时间显著短于对照组,差异具有统计学意义(P0.05);治疗后,观察组患儿血清Ig A、C3、TNF-α及IL-10水平显著低于对照组,差异具有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论:氯雷他定联合甲基强的松龙能有效抑制炎症反应,调节免疫平衡,在小儿过敏性紫癜治疗中具有积极意义。     

高渗盐水雾化吸入治疗儿童支原体肺炎继发哮喘发作及对其T淋巴细胞亚群及Th1、Th2型细胞因子的影响

目的:探讨高渗盐水雾化吸入治疗儿童支原体肺炎继发哮喘发作的临床疗效及对其T淋巴细胞亚群及Th1、Th2型细胞因子的影响。方法:选取我院2015年6月到2017年6月间收治的支原体肺炎继发哮喘发作患儿100例为研究对象。随机分为对照组和观察组,各50例。两组均给予吸氧、抗生素、维持酸碱度、电解质平衡及相应症状等对症治疗,对照组给予生理盐水结合沙丁胺醇进行雾化治疗,观察组采用3%高渗盐水结合沙丁胺醇进行雾化治疗,比较两组患儿发热、咳嗽、肺内啰音、咽部肿痒等症状消失时间及临床疗效;比较两组治疗前后CD3~+、CD4~+、CD8~+、CD4~+/CD8~+、IFN-γ及IL-4水平情况。结果:观察组患儿发热、咳嗽、肺内啰音、咽部肿痒等临床症状消失时间显著早于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P0.05);观察组总有效率96.00%明显高于对照组80.00%,差异有统计学意义(P0.05);两组患儿治疗前CD3~+、CD4~+、CD8~+、CD4~+/CD8~+、IFN-γ及IL-4水平比较差异无统计学意义(P0.05);治疗后CD3~+、CD4~+、CD4~+/CD8~+及IFN-γ水平均明显升高,CD8~+及IL-4水平明显降低,差异均有统计学意义(均P0.05);且观察组治疗后CD3~+、CD4~+、CD4~+/CD8~+及IFN-γ水平均明显高于对照组,CD8~+及IL-4水平明显低于对照组,差异均有统计学意义(均P0.05)。结论:高渗盐水雾化吸入能够显著改善支原体肺炎继发哮喘发作患儿临床症状,提高CD3~+、CD4~+、CD4~+/CD8~+及Th1水平,抑制CD8~+及Th2水平,临床疗效确切,值得临床推广应用。     

益生菌对肠易激综合征患者肠道微环境及免疫功能的影响

目的:探讨益生菌对肠易激综合征患者肠道微环境及免疫功能的影响,为临床相关研究提供参考。方法:选择2013年6月-2015年6月在我院接受治疗的肠易激综合征患者79例作为研究对象,根据治疗方案不同分为研究组(47例)和对照组(42例)。研究组患者采用双歧三联活菌联合美沙拉嗪治疗,对照组患者给予美沙拉嗪治疗。观察并比较两组患者治疗前后肠道内肠杆菌、双歧杆菌、乳酸杆菌、粪肠球菌及类杆菌的变化情况,以及血清CD4~+,CD8~+及CD4~+/CD8~+水平,并评价两组的临床疗效。结果:治疗前,两组患者肠道菌群数量比较,差异无统计学意义(P0.05);治疗后,两组患者肠道内大肠杆菌及粪肠球菌数量均减少,且研究组少于对照组,差异具有统计学意义(P0.05);治疗后,两组患者肠道内乳酸杆菌、双歧杆菌和类杆菌数量均增加,且研究组高于对照组,差异具有统计学意义(P0.05)。治疗前,两组患者免疫功能指标比较,差异无统计学意义(P0.05);治疗后,两组患者CD4~+T细胞以及CD4~+/CD8~+均显著高于治疗前,而CD8~+T细胞显著降低,差异具有统计学意义(P0.05);治疗后,研究组患者CD4~+T细胞及CD4~+/CD8~+均高于对照组,而CD8+T细胞低于对照组,差异具有统计学意义(P0.05)。研究组患者的临床疗效(91.67%)高于对照组(76.67%),但两组比较,差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。结论:益生菌制剂治疗不仅能够调节肠易激综合征患者肠道内的菌群平衡,而且能够改善患者的免疫功能,值得临床推广应用。     

地氯雷他定片与匹多莫德片联合治疗慢性荨麻疹的临床疗效 及对血清IL-2 及IL-4水平的影响

目的:观察地氯雷他定片联合匹多莫德片治疗慢性荨麻疹的临床疗效,及治疗前后患者血清IL-2及IL-4水平的变化。方法:将2014年6月-2015年7月我院收治的112例慢性荨麻疹患者随机分成两组各56例,其中治疗组给予口服地氯雷他定片与匹多莫德片治疗,对照组单独口服地氯雷他定片治疗;治疗4周后对比两组临床疗效,并测定两组患者治疗前后血清IL-2及IL-4水平。结果:治疗4周后,治疗组治疗总有效率为92.86%,明显高于对照组82.14%,差异具有统计学意义(P0.05);两组患者治疗后血清IL-2水平升高,IL-4水平降低,且治疗组改变相比对照组更显著,差异均有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论:地氯雷他定片联合匹多莫德片治疗慢性荨麻疹疗效显著,其机制可能与提高血清IL-2水平及降低IL-4水平有关。     

孟鲁司特钠对过敏性鼻炎患者血清IL-5和IL-10水平的影响及安全性分析

目的:分析孟鲁司特钠对过敏性鼻炎患者血清白细胞介素-5(IL-5)及白细胞介素-10(IL-10)水平的影响及安全性。方法:选择我院2015年10月~2016年10月收治的106例过敏性鼻炎患者,按不同治疗方式分作对照组与研究组,每组53例。对照组选用氯雷他定片治疗;研究组在对照组基础上加以孟鲁司特钠治疗。观察并比较两组患者的临床疗效、治疗前后血清IL-5及IL-10水平变化、症状及体征积分及不良反应发生情况。结果:研究组总有效率(94.33%)高于对照组(79.24%)(P0.05)。治疗后,两组血清IL-5,症状及体征积分均显著下降,研究组下降更明显,两组血清IL-10均有显著上升,研究组上升更明显,差异均有统计学意义(P0.05)。两组不良反应发生情况比较,差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。结论:孟鲁司特钠能够调节过敏性鼻炎患者血清炎症因子水平,降低症状积分,且安全性较高。     

细菌溶解产物联合沙美特罗替卡松在支气管哮喘患儿中的应用效果

目的探讨细菌溶解产物胶囊联合沙美特罗替卡松粉吸入剂对支气管哮喘患儿血清CD4~+/CD8~+水平的影响。方法选取我院2016年2月至2017年12月收治的84例支气管哮喘患儿为研究对象,采用随机数字表将患者分为对照组(n=42)和研究组(n=42)。对照组患儿在常规治疗基础上采取沙美特罗替卡松粉吸入剂进行治疗,研究组患者采用沙美特罗替卡松气雾剂+细菌溶解产物胶囊(泛福舒)进行治疗,两组患者均治疗3个月。记录两组患者临床疗效,治疗前及治疗后血清学指标[干扰素-γ(IFN-γ)、白细胞介素-4(IL-4)]水平,肺功能[呼气流速峰值(PEF)、第一秒用力呼气量(FEV_1)]和免疫功能(NK细胞、CD4~+/CD8~+)水平。结果研究组患者治疗总有效率(95.24%)高于对照组(78.57%)。两组患者治疗后IL-4水平低于治疗前,IFN-γ水平高于治疗前,且研究组变化情况优于对照组(均P0.05)。两组患者治疗结束后FEV_1、PEF较治疗前增高,且研究组高于对照组(均P0.05)。治疗后两组患者NK细胞、CD4~+/CD8~+水平较治疗前增高,且研究组高于对照组(均P0.05)。结论沙美特罗替卡松粉吸入剂联合细菌溶解产物胶囊可有效改善支气管哮喘患儿肺功能,降低其血清IFN-γ、IL-4水平,调节机体免疫功能,提高治疗效果。     

右美托咪定对老年恶性肿瘤全麻手术患者术后细胞免疫功能、认知功能及炎症因子水平的影响

目的:探讨右美托咪定对老年恶性肿瘤全麻手术患者术后细胞免疫功能、认知功能及炎症因子水平的影响。方法:选取2017年2月～2019年6月期间到我院择期行手术治疗的老年恶性肿瘤患者119例,根据随机数字表法将患者分为对照组(n=59)和研究组(n=60),研究组麻醉中输注右美托咪定,对照组麻醉中输注同容量等速率的生理盐水,比较两组患者围术期指标、细胞免疫功能、不良反应、炎症因子指标、简易智力状态量表(MMSE)评分。结果:两组患者术后第3 d的CD4~+/CD8~+、CD3~+、CD4~+较术前下降,CD8~+较术前升高(P0.05);研究组术后第3 d的CD4~+/CD8~+、CD3~+、CD4~+高于对照组,CD8~+则低于对照组(P0.05)。两组术后第3 d的血清高迁移率族蛋白1(HMGBl)、白介素-6(IL-6)、肿瘤坏死因子-α(TNF-α)水平均升高,但研究组低于对照组(P0.05)。两组手术时间、术中出血量、麻醉时间比较无差异(P0.05)。两组患者术前、术后第1 d、术后第3 d的MMSE评分呈先下降后升高趋势(P0.05),且研究组术后第1 d、第3 d的MMSE评分高于对照组(P0.05)。两组不良反应发生率比较无统计学差异(P0.05)。结论:老年恶性肿瘤全麻手术患者术中输注右美托咪定,可减轻细胞免疫抑制及炎症反应,对术后早期的认知功能下降有一定预防作用。     

生物素标记寡核苷酸探针检测B群轮状病毒

用５′端接氨基标记法,用生物素对Ｂ群轮状病毒（ＧＢＲＶ）ＩＤＩＲ株具有群特异性的３片段基因上２３ｂｐ寡核苷酸序列进行标记,经高效薄层层析板（ＨＰＴＬＣ）纯化,制备了Ｂ群轮状病毒生物素寡核苷酸探针,探针显色灵敏度达１０Ｐｇ,与ＧＢＲＶ、ＫＢ６３株基因杂交可检测到１００ｐｇ靶序列,而与Ａ群和Ｃ群轮状病毒及无关基因均不产生杂交信号,该探针可用于Ｂ群轮状病毒的检测、鉴定,以及同群不同毒株间基因相关性研究。     

Microorganisms associated with the retting of flax treated with the herbicide glyphosate

Greater numbers of fungi were isolated from stems of flax following treatment with the herbicide glyphosate than from untreated stems although there was also a general increase in numbers with time. The fungal genera isolated were the same from both treated and untreated plants, the most common being Cladosporium, Aureobasidium, Epicoccum and Botrytis with Cladosporium being predominant. Populations of bacteria were generally not enhanced after glyphosate treatment. Partial dew-retting of crops resulted in the reduction in numbers of Cladosporium compared with conventionally-treated flax. The increase in numbers of fungi was associated with an increase in retting. Overretting also occurred, particularly in discrete pale areas on the stem. These were associated with colonisation by Botrytis cinerea and the tensile strength of fibres from these areas was 15 times weaker than from surrounding darker areas of the stem. Light microscopy showed death of cells after glyphosate application, followed by invasion and degradation of the epidermis and cortex by fungi and other microorganisms. Fibre bundles were partially dissociated but the individual fibres remained largely intact as did the xylem and medulla.     

Mind-altering with the gut: Modulation of the gut-brain axis with probiotics

It is increasingly evident that bidirectional interactions exist among the gastrointestinal tract, the enteric nervous system, and the central nervous system. Recent preclinical and clinical trials have shown that gut microbiota plays an important role in these gut-brain interactions. Furthermore, alterations in gut microbiota composition may be associated with pathogenesis of various neurological disorders, including stress, autism, depression, Parkinson’s disease, and Alzheimer’s disease. Therefore, the concepts of the microbiota-gut-brain axis is emerging. Here, we review the role of gut microbiota in bidirectional interactions between the gut and the brain, including neural, immune-mediated, and metabolic mechanisms. We highlight recent advances in the understanding of probiotic modulation of neurological and neuropsychiatric disorders via the gut-brain axis.     

Regeneration of the acorn worm pygochord with the implication for its convergent evolution with the notochord

The origin of the notochord is a central issue in chordate evolution. This study examined the development of the acorn worm pygochord, a putative homologue of the notochord. Because the pygochord differentiates only after metamorphosis, the developmental was followed process by inducing regeneration after artificial amputation in Ptychodera flava. It was found that although the regeneration of the posterior part of the body did not proceed via formation of an obvious regeneration bud, pygochord regeneration was observed within a few weeks, possibly via trans-differentiation of endoderm cells. The expression of the fibrillary collagen gene (Fcol) and elav in the pygochord during regeneration was detected. This indicates that pygochord cells are not part of gut epithelial cells, but that they differentiated as a distinct cell type. Our gene expression analyses do not provide supporting evidence for the homology between the pygochord and notochord, but rather favored the convergent evolution between them.     

Hunting with Polar Bears: Problems with the Passive Properties of the Commons

Inuit in Canada’s Arctic conceptualize both human hunters and their polar bear prey as active participants in the hunt and as part of a larger socio-economic system requiring the involvement of both humans and animals. Although often treated through the lens of common-pool resource theory, the Inuit viewpoint conflicts with Western wildlife management systems that typically treat animals, and nature in general, as passive. When polar bears are understood as active participants in the hunt, the rights associated with common property regimes and assumptions about collective-choice decisions in common-pool resource management require significant revision. In this paper we argue that common-pool resource theories which assume natural resources are inherently passive cannot adequately account for the system of active relationships operating among Inuit in Arctic Canada. The co-management system of Nunavut Territory, Canada, uses a flexible quota approach, which, while following conservation guidelines, allows some space for the traditional Inuit-polar bear system to operate. This example shows how common-pool resources may be managed sustainably without the attendant assumption that natural resources exist passively outside of common-pool resource regimes.