右美托咪定与丙泊酚用于臂丛神经阻滞下上肢骨折患者术中镇静作用的比较

目的探讨右美托咪定与丙泊酚对臂丛神经阻滞下上肢骨折手术患者的镇静效果差异。方法将2015年9月至2015年12月我院80例择期上肢骨折手术患者随机均分为右美托咪定(D组)与丙泊酚(P组),分别记录两组患者给药前(T0)、切皮前即用药后15min(T1)、手术开始后30min(T2)及术毕(T3)MAP、HR、Ramsay镇静评分等情况,对数据进行统计学分析。结果 T1~T3时D组MAP明显低于To时和P组,Ramsay镇静评分低于P组,HR慢于To时和P组(P0.05)。结论右美托咪定用于臂丛神经阻滞下上肢骨折手术患者镇静是安全和可行的,镇静效果好于丙泊酚,且血流动力学稳定。     

小剂量右美托咪定用于局麻下玻璃体切割术的镇静效果观察

目的:探讨右美托咪定用于局麻下玻璃体切割术的镇静效果。方法:选择拟在局麻监测下行玻璃体切割术患者50例为研究对象,年龄20-72岁,ASA分级Ⅱ级~Ⅲ级,随机分为右美托咪定组(D组)和咪达唑仑组(M组),每组25例。D组患者于术前10min静脉泵注右美托咪定0.5μg/kg,后以0.2-0.4μg/kg.h的速度持续输注,M组术前10 min缓慢静脉注射咪达唑仑0.02 mg/kg,术中按需静注0.5 mg/次。维持VAS评分≤4分,Ramsay评分2-4分。记录和比较两组患者术中血压、心率、呼吸的变化、辅助用药及患者对镇静效果的满意度。结果:给药后,M组T5时点MAP较T0显著下降(P0.05),D组T10及以后各时点MAP较T0显著下降(P0.05);D组T5及以后各时点BP较T0显著下降(P0.05),但组间及M组组内BP比较差异无统计学意义(P0.05);M组T30时点HR较T0显著下降(P0.01),而在T5时,组间比较差异有统计学意义(P0.01),即D组下降更为显著。给药后各时点,D组VAS评分均显著低于M组(P0.05),30 min时达最低。两组Ramsay镇静评分给药后5 min均达2级以上,与给药前比较均显著升高(P0.05),D组给药后30 min及以后各时点Ramsay镇静评分均显著高于M组(P0.01)。给药后各时点,两组组内和组间SPO2和RR比较均无统计学差异(P0.05)。D组患者满意度较M组更高(P0.05)。结论:小剂量右美托咪定用于玻璃体切割术可使患者血流动力学平稳,镇静效果良好,疼痛感觉减轻,舒适度提高。     

右美托咪定与丙泊酚复合麻醉用于鼻内镜经蝶垂体瘤切除术的效果

目的:研究右美托咪定(Dexmedetomidine)与丙泊酚复合麻醉应用于鼻内镜经蝶窦垂体瘤切除手术的临床效果。方法:选择2015年3月至2015年12月首都医科大学宣武医院神经外科内镜下收治的经鼻蝶垂体瘤切除术患者70例,随机分为右美托咪定组(T组)和对照组(C组)。T组在诱导前15分钟泵入右美托咪定,对照组则泵入等量盐水,两组均给予丙泊酚进行麻醉诱导。观察和比较两组患者入室后15 min(T_0)、插管前(T_1)、插管后5 min(T_2)、插管后10 min(T_3)、拔管后5 min(T_4)、拔管后10 min(T_5)心率、收/舒张压变化,术中15 min(T_6)及30 min(T_7)Fromme术野质量评分和拔管时(T_8)及拔管后1 hour(T_9)Ramsay镇静评分。结果:T组插管后5 min(T_2)、拔管后5 min(T_4)和拔管后10 min(T_5)收缩压、舒张压及心率均显著低于对照组(C组)对应时间点收缩压(P0.05)。两组插管前心率(HR)均低于入室时15 min分钟心率(P0.05)。T组T7时间点术野质量评分高于C组(P0.05),拔管后2小时两组Ramsay镇静评分无统计学意义。两组术后苏醒时间及拔管时间比较差异均无统计学意义(P0.05)。结论:右美托咪定联合丙泊酚用于内镜经蝶窦垂体瘤切除术有利于稳定患者心率、收/舒张压,显著改善术野质量评分。     

右美托咪定预防胃癌根治术病人术后躁动的临床观察

目的:研究右美托咪定用于全麻下行胃癌根治术后躁动的镇静效果.方法:选择60例因胃癌需行全胃癌根治术的病人随机分为右美托嘧定组(D组)和安慰剂组(C组),每组30例.患者选用静脉复合全身麻醉,D组于术毕前半小时泵注右美托嘧定0.6μg/kg,10分钟泵完.C组以同样方式泵注生理盐水.术毕待患者呼吸恢复,清醒拔管.监测记录患者入室后(T0),拔管前(T1),拔管时(T2),拔管后5 min(T3)、拔管后15 min(T4)时的术中心率(HR)、平均动脉压(MAP),记录手术结束至拔管的时间,观察患者手术后躁动的次数和程度.结果:①两组患者性别、年龄、体质量、手术时间无显著差异.②C组T1,T2,T3,时间点MAP、HR值与T0比较有明显差异(P＜0.05).D组各时间点较T0无明显变化,D组HR,MAP较C组明显降低(P＜0.05),③D组的拔管时间较C组长(P＜0.05).D组的躁动发生率明显低于C组(P＜0.05).结论:术毕前半小时泵注右美托咪定(10分钟泵完)可显著减少手术后躁动的发生,减少手术后呼吸抑制发生的可能性,保障了患者术后的安全.     

小剂量右美托咪定用于局麻下玻璃体切割术的镇静效果观察

目的：探讨右美托咪定用于局麻下玻璃体切割术的镇静效果。方法：选择拟在局麻监测下行玻璃体切割术患者50 例为研究对象,年龄20-72岁,ASA 分级Ⅱ级~Ⅲ级,随机分为右美托咪定组（D组）和咪达唑仑组（M 组）,每组25 例。D组患者于术前10min 静脉泵注右美托咪定0.5 滋g/kg,后以0.2-0.4 μg/kg.h 的速度持续输注,M组术前10 min 缓慢静脉注射咪达唑仑0.02 mg/kg,术中按需静注0.5 mg/ 次。维持VAS 评分≤ 4 分,Ramsay评分2-4 分。记录和比较两组患者术中血压、心率、呼吸的变化、辅助用药及患者对镇静效果的满意度。结果：给药后,M组T5时点MAP较T0显著下降（P〈0.05）,D组T10及以后各时点MAP 较T0显著下降（P〈0.05）;D 组T5及以后各时点BP 较T0显著下降（P〈0.05）,但组间及M 组组内BP 比较差异无统计学意义（P〉0.05）;M 组T30时点HR 较T0 显著下降（P〈0.01）,而在T5时,组间比较差异有统计学意义（P〈0.01）,即D 组下降更为显著。给药后各时点,D 组VAS 评分均显著低于M组（P〈0.05）,30 min 时达最低。两组Ramsay镇静评分给药后5 min 均达2 级以上,与给药前比较均显著升高（P〈0.05）,D组给药后30 min 及以后各时点Ramsay镇静评分均显著高于M组（P〈0.01）。给药后各时点,两组组内和组间SPO2和RR 比较均无统计学差异（P〉0.05）。D 组患者满意度较M组更高（P〈0.05）。结论：小剂量右美托咪定用于玻璃体切割术可使患者血流动力学平稳,镇静效果良好,疼痛感觉减轻,舒适度提高。     

右美托咪定对腰硬联合麻醉下子宫肌瘤切除术患者术中的镇静效果及综合评价

目的:评价右美托咪定对硬腰联合麻醉下子宫肌瘤切除手术患者术中的镇静效果的影响。方法:选择2013年1月至2016年8月在我院行子宫肌瘤切除术的患者60例,随机分为两组,每组30例。对照组患者静脉注入丙泊酚60μg/kg·h,观察组患者静脉注入右美托咪定0.4μg/kg·h。分别记录患者术前、术中30 min以及术后的Ramsay评分、BIS评分、MAP、HR以及Sp O2等生命指征和术后不良反应发生的情况。结果:实验组患者术中30 min的镇静效果优于对照组,其中Ramsay评分显著高于对照组(P0.05),且BIS评分显著低于对照组(P0.05)。实验组患者术中30 min HR显著低于对照组(P0.05),但是两组之间MAP以及Sp O2却没有明显差异(P0.05)。比较两组患者术后不良反应发生的情况发现两者差异没有明显的统计学意义(P0.05)。结论:右美托咪定在硬腰联合麻醉下子宫肌瘤切除术患者术中可以显著改善镇静作用,值得临床上进一步推广应用。     

右美托咪定复合丙泊酚全麻对腰椎手术患者镇痛效果及术后恢复的影响

目的:探讨右美托咪定复合丙泊酚全麻对腰椎手术患者镇痛效果及术后恢复的影响。方法:选择我院于2015年10月~2016年10月择期行腰椎全麻手术患者92例,经随机数字表法分为观察组及对照组各46例,两组麻醉诱导方案相同,于麻醉诱导前给予观察组静脉泵入右美托咪啶,给予对照组静脉泵入生理盐水。术后均采用经静脉自控镇痛。记录两组患者麻醉诱导前(T0)、插管1 min(T1)、插管5 min(T2)、拔管后1 h(T3)及术毕(T4)的收缩压(SBP)、舒张压(DBP)、血氧饱和度(SPO_2)和心率(HR)。比较两组患者拔管后即刻疼痛及镇静情况。记录两组患者定向力恢复时间、苏醒时间、拔管时间以及吗啡使用剂量。统计两组患者不良反应情况。结果:两组患者T1时刻SBP、DBP水平较T0明显下降,对照组T3时刻SBP水平高于T0,差异有统计学意义(P0.05);观察组T1时刻DBP、SBP水平高于对照组,T3时刻SBP水平低于对照组,差异均有统计学意义(P0.05);T1、T2、T3、T4时刻观察组HR水平明显高于对照组,差异均有统计学意义(P0.05);拔管后观察组视觉模拟评分(VAS)低于对照组,而Ramasy评分高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。观察组吗啡使用剂量明显低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P0.05),两组苏醒时间、定向力恢复时间以及拔管时间差异均无统计学意义(P0.05),两组不良反应发生率差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。结论:采用右美托咪定复合丙泊酚全麻对腰椎手术患者血流动力学的影响小,镇痛、镇静效果显著,术后镇痛药物使用量减少,值得临床推广。     

右美托咪啶复合芬太尼及七氟烷用于脑肿瘤手术的麻醉效果及对血流动力学的影响

目的:探讨右美托咪啶复合芬太尼及七氟烷用于脑肿瘤手术的麻醉效果及对血流动力学的影响。方法:择期全麻下行脑肿瘤切除术患者40例,随机分为右美托咪啶组(D组)和丙泊酚组(P组)各20例。麻醉诱导前D组静脉输注右美托咪啶0.5μg/kg,P组给予同等容量的生理盐水,均15 min泵注完成。静脉注射咪唑安定、芬太尼、顺式阿曲库铵、依托咪酯行麻醉诱导。术中均用芬太尼、七氟烷、顺式阿曲库铵维持麻醉,D组持续静脉输注右美托咪啶0.2~1.0μg·kg-1·h-1,P组给予丙泊酚3~10 mg·kg-1·h-1,调整右美托咪啶及丙泊酚用量,使BIS值维持于40~50。于麻醉用药前(基础值)(T0)、麻醉诱导气管插管前(T1)、气管插管后(T2)、切开硬脑膜(T3)、取瘤(T4)、术毕(T5)、拔气管导管时(T6)记录心率(HR)、血压(SBP、DBP)。记录手术时间、输液量、出血量、苏醒时间、拔管时间及拔管后10 min警觉/镇静(OAA/S)评分。结果:与T0比较,D组T1、T3、T4时SBP、DBP明显降低(P0.05),HR明显减慢(P0.05),但仍接近正常值,P组T1时SBP、DBP明显降低(P0.05),HR明显减慢(P0.05),T2、T5、T6时SBP、DBP明显升高(P0.05),HR明显加快(P0.05)。与P组比较,T2~T6时D组SBP、DBP明显低于P组(P0.05),HR明显慢于P组(P0.05)。D组苏醒时间、拔管时间明显短于P组(P0.05),拔管后10min OAA/S评分显著高于P组(P0.05)。结论:右美托咪啶或丙泊酚复合芬太尼、七氟烷麻醉用于脑肿瘤手术均能够提供满意的麻醉效果,右美托咪啶能抑制气管插管、拔管等引起的血流动力学反应,术后苏醒快且苏醒质量高。     

右美托嘧啶用于喉癌患者局麻下气管切开的临床效果分析

目的:探讨预注右美托嘧啶(dexmedetomindine,Dex)对喉癌患者局麻下行气管切开时的影响。方法:选择择期喉癌手术拟行气管切开的患者40例,随机分为Dex组(D组)和生理盐水组(C组),D组在局麻前静脉注射Dex 0.5μg/kg(10 min泵注完毕),C组以相同方式泵注等量生理盐水,观察5 min后开始行局麻下气管切开。分别记录两组患者给药前(T0)、局麻开始时(T1)、切皮时(T2)、气管内麻醉时(T3)、气管切开造口时(T4)的平均动脉压(MAP)、心率(HR)、脉搏血氧饱和度(SpO2)和呼吸次数(RR);观察并记录患者T1~T4各时间点的VAS评分、Ramsay镇静评分和手术耐受程度评分。结果:与T0相比,C组T1~T4各时点MAP和HR均升高,尤以T3~T4时明显(P0.05),D组T1-4时MAP下降、HR明显减慢(P0.05);与C组相比,D组T1~T4各时间点MAP均显著下降(P0.05),HR均明显减慢(P0.01),VAS评分显著降低(P0.05),手术耐受程度评分和Ramsay镇静评分均显著升高(P0.05)。结论:喉癌患者行局麻气管切开前预先静注右美托嘧啶0.5μg/kg(10min泵注完毕),可有效维持血液动力学稳定,并产生明显的镇静、镇痛作用。     

右美托咪定滴鼻对小儿扁桃体腺样体切除术苏醒期躁动及血流动力学的影响

目的:观察右美托咪定术前滴鼻对行扁桃体腺样体切除术患儿在围术期血流动力学和苏醒期躁动的影响。方法:择期行扁桃体腺样体切除术的患儿60例,随机分为右美托咪定组(D组)和生理盐水组(C组)。在麻醉诱导前30 min,D组患儿经鼻滴入右美托咪定,C组患儿经鼻滴入生理盐水。给药30 min后,进行静脉麻醉诱导。记录患儿的平均动脉压(MAP)、心率(HR)、血氧饱和度(SpO_2),患儿滴鼻接受程度、手术时间、拔管时间以及并发症的发生情况;根据麻醉苏醒期躁动量化评分表(PEAD)和改良加拿大东安大略儿童医院疼痛评分量表(m-CHEOPS)对患儿进行评分并记录术后苏醒期躁动发生率。结果:与C组相比,D组各个时间点的MAP、HR有统计学差异(P0.05),D组围术期生命体征变化相对平稳;两组患儿SpO_2、滴鼻接受程度、患儿手术时间比较均无统计学意义(P0.05);两组患儿拔管时间比较有差异(P0.05);D组患儿苏醒期PAED评分和m—CHEOPS评分均低于C组患儿(P0.05);两组患儿在围术期均无恶心呕吐,喉痉挛等不良反应的发生。结论:右美托咪定滴鼻可安全、有效的用于小儿患者,并且可使围术期血流动力学平稳及减少苏醒期躁动的发生。     

Curcuminoids as inhibitors of thioredoxin reductase: A receptor based pharmacophore study with distance mapping of the active site

Curcumin is the yellow pigment of turmeric that interacts irreversibly forming an adduct with thioredoxin reductase (TrxR), an enzyme responsible for redox control of cell and defence against oxidative stress. Docking at both the active sites of TrxR was performed to compare the potency of three naturally occurring curcuminoids, namely curcumin, demethoxy curcumin and bis-demethoxy curcumin. Results show that active sites of TrxR occur at the junction of E and F chains. Volume and area of both cavities is predicted. It has been concluded by distance mapping of the most active conformations that Se atom of catalytic residue SeCYS498, is at a distance of 3.56 from C13 of demethoxy curcumin at the E chain active site, whereas C13 carbon atom forms adduct with Se atom of SeCys 498. We report that at least one methoxy group in curcuminoids is necessary for interation with catalytic residues of thioredoxin. Pharmacophore of both active sites of the TrxR receptor for curcumin and demethoxy curcumin molecules has been drawn and proposed for design and synthesis of most probable potent antiproliferative synthetic drugs.     

A Unique Protease Cleavage Site Predicted in the Spike Protein of the Novel Pneumonia Coronavirus (2019-nCoV) Potentially Related to Viral Transmissibility

正Dear Editor,In December 2019, a novel human coronavirus caused an epidemic of severe pneumonia(Coronavirus Disease 2019,COVID-19) in Wuhan, Hubei, China(Wu et al. 2020; Zhu et al. 2020). So far, this virus has spread to all areas of China and even to other countries. The epidemic has caused 67,102 confirmed infections with 1526 fatal cases     

Comparative morphology of the carpel in the Liliaceae: Hewardieae, Petrosavieae, and Tricyrteae

The young pistils in the melanthioid tribes, Hewardieae, Petrosavieae and Tricyrteae, are uniformly tricarpellate and syncarpous. They lack raphide idioblasts. All are multiovulate, with bitegmic ovules. The Petrosavieae are marked by the presence of septal glands and incomplete syncarpy. Tepals and stamens adhere to the ovary in the Hewardieae and the Petrosavieae but not in the Tricyrteae. Two vascular bundles occur in the stamens of the Hewartlieae and Tricyrtis latifolia. Ventral bundles in the upper part of the ovary of the Hewardieae are continuous with compound septal bundles and placental bundles in the lower part. Putative ventral bundles occur in the alternate position in the Tricyrteae and putative placental bundles in the opposite. position in the Petrosavieae. The dichtomously branched stigma in each carpel of the Tricyrteae is supplied by a bifurcated dorsal bundle.     

Entwicklungsgeschichte und Ultrastruktur von Pollenkitt und Exine bei nahe verwandten entomophilen und anemophilen Angiospermensippen derAlismataceae,Liliaceae, Juncaceae,Cyperaceae, Poaceae undAraceae

Some closely related members of the monocotyledonous familiesAlismataceae, Liliaceae, Juncaceae, Cyperaceae, Poaceae andAraceae with variable modes of pollination (insect- and wind-pollination) were studied in relation to the ultrastructure of pollenkitt and exine (amount, consistency and distribution of pollenkitt on the surface of pollen grains). The character syndromes of pollen cementing in entomophilous, anemophilous and intermediate (ambophilous or amphiphilous) monocotyledons are the same in principal as in dicotyledons. Comparing present with former results one can summarize: 1) The pollenkitt is always produced in the same manner by the anther tapetum in all angiosperm sub-classes. 2) The variable stickiness of entomophilous and anemophilous pollen always depends on the particular distribution and consistency of the pollenkitt, but not its amount on the pollen surface. 3) The mostly dry and powdery pollen of anemophilous plants always contains a variable amount of inactive pollenkitt in its exine cavities. 4) A step-by step change of the pollen cementing syndrome can be observed from entomophily towards anemophily. 5) From the omnipresence of pollenkitt in all wind-pollinated angiosperms studied one can conclude that the ancestors of anemophilous angiosperms probably have been zoophilous (i.e. entomophilous) throughout.

     

Identification and Characterization of the First Equine Parainfluenza Virus 5

正Dear Editor,Parainfluenza virus 5 (PIV5), known as canine parainfluenza virus in the veterinary field, is a negative-sense,nonsegmented, single-stranded RNA virus belonging to the Paramyxoviridae family (Chen 2018). The virus was first reported in primary monkey kidney cells in 1954 (Hsiung1972), then it has been frequently discovered in various     

Pathogenic Characterization and Full Length Genome Sequence of a Reassortant Infectious Bursal Disease Virus Newly Isolated in Pakistan

<正>Dear Editor,Infectious bursal disease (IBD) is one of the most important diseases of the poultry. The IBD virus (IBDV), a nonenveloped virus belonging to the Birnaviridae family with a genome consisting of two segments of double-stranded RNA (segments A and B), targets B lymphocytes of bursa of Fabricious leading to immunosuppression. In Pakistan,poultry farming is the second biggest industry and IBD is the second biggest disease threating the poultry sector.However, there is limited genome information of IBDV