良性前列腺增生患者外周血Th17和Treg细胞比率的变化

目的:探讨良性前列腺增生患者外周血Th17和Treg细胞比率的变化。方法:选择33例良性前列腺增生患者及19例正常对照者为研究对象,采用流式细胞术检测和比较其外周血中T淋巴细胞亚群及Th17和Treg细胞占CD4~+T细胞的比率。结果:良性前列腺增生患者外周血Th17和Treg细胞占CD4~+T细胞的比率分别为1.58±0.71和1.76±0.83,Th17/Treg的比率为0.89±0.42。正常健康对照者外周血Th17和Treg细胞占CD4~+T细胞的比率分别为0.75±0.46和1.83±0.75,Th17/Treg的比率为0.41±0.32。良性前列腺增生患者外周血Th17占CD4~+T细胞的比率和Th17/Treg的比率明显高于正常健康对照者(P0.05)。结论:良性前列腺增生患者体内Th17细胞比率升高,Th17/Treg比率失衡,可能与良性前列腺增生的发生、发展有关。     

妊娠梅毒患者外周血中Th17和Treg细胞水平及其临床意义分析

目的:探讨妊娠梅毒患者外周血中Th17和Treg细胞水平及其临床意义。方法:选择2015年4月至2016年5月我院收治的35例妊娠梅毒患者作为观察组,并选择同期进行孕检的健康孕妇30例作为对照组。分析和比较其外周血Th17和Treg细胞水平及其诊断妊娠梅毒的临床价值。结果:观察组患者外周血Th17水平显著高于对照组,而外周血Treg水平显著低于对照组(P0.05)。多因素logistic回归分析结果显示外周血Th17和Treg水平与妊娠梅毒发病具有明显相关性。外周血Th17诊断妊娠梅毒的AUC为0.776,95%CI为0.656～0.896,外周血Treg诊断妊娠梅的ROC曲线下的面积(area under curve,AUC)为0.947,95%CI为0.897～997,Th17+Treg诊断妊娠梅毒的AUC为0.960,95%CI为0.913～1.000;Th17和Treg单独检测分别和联合检测曲线下面积比较均具有显著差异(Z=-2.807、-0.375,P0.05);Th17+Treg联合检测的特异度、准确度分别为91.73%、93.28%,显著高于各指标单独检测(P0.05)。结论:妊娠梅毒患者外周血Th17细胞增多,Treg细胞减少,联合检测外周血Th17和Treg细胞水平诊断妊娠梅毒具有较高的准确度,可作为诊断妊娠梅毒的重要参考指标。     

老年COPD疾病进展与机体调节性T 细胞的关系分析

目的:探讨老年慢性阻塞性肺疾病(COPD)患者疾病进展与机体调节性T细胞(Treg)的关系。方法:选取我院收治的65例COPD患者(COPD组)以及同期在我院行体检的健康人群45例(正常对照组),将COPD患者分为急性期组41例及稳定期组24例,采用肺功能仪检测肺功能,采用酶联免疫吸附法检测血清γ-干扰素(IFN-γ)、白介素4(IL-4)、IL-17水平,采用流式细胞仪检测外周血CD4+CD25+Treg细胞比例。结果:与正常对照组比较,COPD患者的FEV1、FVC、PEF、FEV1/FVC、6MWT、血清IL-4水平、外周血CD4~+CD25~+Treg细胞比例均明显下降,血清IFN-γ、IL-17及Th1/Th2均显著升高。急性期COPD患者的CD4~+CD25~+Treg细胞比例较正常对照组显著升高,而正常对照组患者的CD4~+CD25~+Treg细胞比例较稳定组COPD患者显著升高,组间比较均有明显差异(P0.05)。结论:老年CODP患者体内存在免疫功能失调,调节性T细胞可能参与了老年COPD疾病的发病以及急性加重过程,导致患者出现肺功能改变。     

非霍奇金淋巴瘤患者外周血中CD4+CD25+ 调节性T 细胞 亚群变化初探

目的:检测非霍奇金淋巴瘤(non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma,NHL)患者外周血中CD4+CD25+调节性T细胞(CD4+CD25+regulatoryT cell,Treg)的改变,探讨Treg与NHL的相关性。方法:病例组(n=60)为本院收治的初诊NHL患者,对照组(n=60)为本院健康体检者,用流式细胞技术联合标记CD4、CD25检测对照组及病例组化疗前、化疗后的外周血中CD4+CD25+调节性T细胞的分布特点。结果:(1)病例组化疗前外周血中CD4+细胞比例显著低于对照组(P<0.05),CD4+CD25+调节性T细胞比例显著高于对照组(P<0.05);(2)病例组化疗后,CD4+细胞比例明显高于化疗前(P<0.05),CD4+CD25+调节性T细胞比例明显低于化疗前(P<0.05);(3)病例组化疗后CD4+细胞比例与对照组无显著差异(P>0.05),而CD4+CD25+调节性T细胞比例显著高于对照组(P<0.05)。结论:非霍奇金淋巴瘤患者外周血中CD4+CD25+调节性T细胞比例升高,存在机体免疫抑制,化疗可降低CD4+CD25+调节性T细胞比例。     

扶正防癌方联合化疗对晚期结肠癌患者生活质量及免疫功能的影响

目的：观察扶正防癌方联合化疗对晚期结肠癌患者生活质量及免疫功能的影响。方法：将符合入选标准的66例患者随机分为治疗组和对照组,对照组给予FOLFOX4方案化疗和对症支持治疗,治疗组在上述治疗的基础上使用FZFA,比较2组患者近期客观有效率、稳定率和生活质量;2组患者外周血CD4＋T淋巴细胞中Th17／Treg细胞百分比及比值;以及2组人血液炎性细胞因子表达水平。结果：2组患者近期客观有效率、稳定率和生活质量改变,患者外周血CD4＋T淋巴细胞中Th17／Treg细胞百分比及比值,以及外周血以及炎性细胞因子表达水平均有统计学意义（P＜0．05）。结论：扶正防癌方联合化疗药物和单纯化疗药物对晚期结肠癌患者均可改善免疫功能,减轻不良反应,提高生活质量,但前者明显优于后者。     

SLE带状疱疹患者外周血CD4~+CD28~+和CD4~+CD25~+FoxP3~+调节性T细胞的表达及相关性研究

目的:检测系统性红斑狼疮(systemic lupus erythematosus,SLE)合并带状疱疹患者外周血CD4~+CD28~+和CD4~+CD25~+Fox P3~+调节性T细胞的表达及相关性,探讨其在SLE合并带状疱疹发病中的临床意义。方法:采用流式细胞术检测30例SLE患者、30例SLE合并带状疱疹患者及30例健康对照者外周血中CD4~+/CD8~+T淋巴细胞亚群表面CD28的表达及CD4~+CD25~+Fox P3~+Treg细胞的表达水平,并分析SLE合并带状疱疹患者外周血CD4~+CD28~+和CD4~+CD25~+Fox P3~+调节性T细胞表达的相关性。结果:SLE合并带状疱疹组患者急性期外周血CD4~+T淋巴细胞比率、绝对计数显著降低,CD4~+、CD8~+T淋巴细胞表面的CD28表达下调,CD4~+CD25~+Fox P3~+Treg细胞水平显著高于SLE组及健康对照组,SLE合并带状疱疹组患者外周血CD4~+CD25~+Fox P3~+Treg水平与CD4~+CD28~+水平成负相关(P均0.05)。结论:SLE合并带状疱疹患者CD4~+、CD8~+T细胞活化异常,CD4~+CD25~+Fox P3~+Treg细胞可能参与抑制了T细胞的活化。     

DCs-CIK细胞免疫治疗联合化疗治疗晚期非小细胞肺癌的疗效观察

目的:探讨树突状细胞(DCs)和细胞因子诱导的杀伤(CIK)细胞免疫治疗联合化疗对晚期非小细胞肺癌患者的治疗效果。方法:将我院2012年2月到2014年2月就诊的72例晚期非小细胞肺癌患者随机分为对照组(n=36,单纯化疗组)和实验组(n=36,DCs-CIK细胞免疫联合化疗组)。比较两组患者治疗后的疗效、治疗前后免疫功能,并运用Kamofsky(KPS)评分来评估两组患者治疗后生活质量的改善情况。结果:实验组的疾病控制率(DCR)77.78%显著高于对照组的52.78%(P0.05)。治疗后实验组患者外周血CD3+、CD8+及NK细胞所占的比值较治疗前均上升显著(P0.05);治疗后对照组患者外周血CD3+、CD8+及NK细胞所占的比值较治疗前下降显著(P0.05)。治疗后实验组KPS评分提高率明显高于对照组(P0.05)。结论:DCs-CIK细胞免疫联合化疗能够提高晚期非小细胞肺癌患者的DCR,且显著改善患者的免疫功能和生活质量。     

人类免疫缺陷病毒1型同性恋感染者与健康人群Th17/Treg平衡状况的比较研究

通过探讨人类免疫缺陷病毒1型(HIV-1)同性恋感染者外周血中辅助性T细胞17(Th17)与CD4+CD25hiFoxp3+调节性T细胞(Treg)比例及Th17/Treg平衡状态与疾病进展的关系,初步阐明Th17/Treg失衡在HIV发病机制中的作用和意义。选取54例未经抗病毒治疗的HIV感染者,另有32名健康志愿者作为正常对照。分离外周血单核细胞后,利用流式细胞技术检测Th17和Treg水平。结果表明,在HIV感染者外周血中Th17比例明显低于正常对照组(0.68±0.35vs1.42±0.86,P<0.001),Treg比例明显高于正常对照(6.15±2.12vs4.50±0.76,P<0.001),导致HIV感染者中Th17/Treg比例较正常对照显著降低(0.12±0.07vs0.31±0.17,P<0.001)。研究还发现,Th17/CD4比例与CD4+T细胞计数正相关(r=0.371,P<0.05),与病毒载量不相关;Treg/CD4比例与CD4+T细胞计数负相关,与病毒载量正相关(r=-0.402,P<0.05;r=0.447,P<0.001)。此外,Th17/Treg比例与CD4+T细胞计数正相关,与病毒载量负相关(r=0.525,P<0.001;r=-0.318,P<0.05)。结果提示,HIV感染中存在Th17/Treg失衡现象,与疾病进程密切相关,可能在HIV进展中具有重要作用。     

分泌性中耳炎患者外周血Th1Th2细胞及T淋巴细胞亚群水平的表达及临床意义

目的:探讨分泌性中耳炎(SOM)患者外周血T辅助细胞1(Th1)、T辅助细胞2(Th2)细胞因子及T淋巴细胞亚群水平的表达及其临床意义。方法:选取我院于2015年1月至2018年1月期间收治的SOM患者135例记为SOM组,根据病程将患者分为急性组(病程14d,49例)、亚急性组(病程14-30d,53例)、慢性组(病程30d,33例)。另外选择同期于我院进行体检的100例健康者为对照组。分别对比SOM组和对照组受试者、不同病程SOM患者外周血Th1细胞因子[干扰素(INF-γ)、白细胞介素-2(IL-2)]、Th2细胞因子[白细胞介素-4(IL-4)、白细胞介素-10(IL-10)]以及T淋巴细胞亚群[CD3~+、CD4~+、CD8~+、CD4~+/CD8~+]水平。采用Pearson相关性分析INF-γ、IL-2、IL-4、IL-10与CD3~+、CD4~+、CD8~+、CD4~+/CD8~+的相关性。结果:SOM组患者外周血INF-γ、IL-2、IL-4、IL-10水平高于对照组(P0.05);急性组患者外周血INF-γ、IL-2、IL-4、IL-10水平低于亚急性组、慢性组,亚急性组患者外周血INF-γ、IL-2、IL-4、IL-10水平低于慢性组(P0.05)。SOM组患者外周血CD3~+、CD4~+、CD4~+/CD8~+水平低于对照组,CD8~+水平高于对照组(P0.05);急性组患者外周血CD3~+、CD4~+、CD4~+/CD8~+水平高于亚急性组、慢性组,CD8~+水平低于亚急性组、慢性组,亚急性组患者外周血CD3~+、CD4~+、CD4~+/CD8~+水平高于慢性组,CD8~+水平低于慢性组(P0.05)。Pearson相关性分析结果显示,SOM患者外周血INF-γ、IL-4与CD8~+呈正相关(P0.05),IL-4与CD3~+、CD4~+呈负相关(P0.05)。结论:SOM患者外周血Th1Th2细胞因子、T淋巴细胞亚群水平均表现异常,且其水平与疾病发生和发展存在一定联系,通过监测Th1Th2细胞因子、T淋巴细胞亚群有助于评估SOM患者病情。     

哮喘患者外周血Treg和Th1/Th2的变化及其与哮喘病情的关系

目的:探讨哮喘患者外周血调节性T细胞(Treg)以及辅助性T细胞(Th1/Th2)的比例的变化,探讨其在哮喘的临床治疗中的作用。方法:80例哮喘患者(哮喘组)按临床表现分为急性发作期组(54例)和缓解期组(26例),同时选择50例健康体检者。应用流式细胞仪检测上述各组外周血CD4+CD25+Foxp3+Treg、CD4+IFN-γ+Th1和CD4+IL-4+Th2细胞水平,并进行统计学分析。结果:哮喘组CD4+CD25+Foxp3+Treg水平亦明显低于正常对照组(P<0.05。其中急性发作期组Treg水平明显低于缓解期组和正常对照组(P<0.05)。而哮喘组Th1/Th2比值显著低于对照组(P<0.05),且在哮喘急性发作组中Th1/Th2比值显著低于缓解期组和正常对照组(P<0.05)。结论:提示Treg和Th在哮喘的发生和发展中起着重要的作用。     

胚胎干细胞起源的探讨

目前胚胎干细胞(ESCs)建系的取材来源包括桑椹胚的卵裂球、囊胚的内细胞团(ICM)、上胚层细胞和原始生殖细胞(PGCs),甚至从新生鼠睾丸细胞也分离得到类ES样细胞系。这就提出了一个问题,什么是ESCs最接近的体内细胞来源。传统观念常常把ESCs等同于ICM细胞,也有学者认为ESCs更象上胚层细胞,而在已知的分子标记基因方面,ESCs所具有的特征更接近体内早期生殖细胞。不清楚ESCs最接近的体内细胞来源,可能是制约许多品系小鼠和大多哺乳类动物建系成功率提高的原因之一。ESCs系与EG细胞系的分离条件不同表明,加强对ESCs多能性维持基因调控研究具有重要意义。本文从ESCs的经典概念及其发展,早期胚胎细胞和生殖细胞发育规律,早期胚胎细胞、早期生殖细胞和ESCs的关系等方面进行综合分析,认为ESCs可能有多种接近的体内细胞来源。进一步应通过对ESCs建系不同的取材细胞和不同品系的ESCs间进行比较研究,以便弄清ESCs的来源和转化机制,为提高不同物种ESCs建系效率提供理论支持。     

Fine needle aspiration (FNA) cytology of pilomatrixoma

FNA smears from five histologically confirmed cases of pilomatrixoma were reviewed to delineate the cytological features helpful in diagnosis. A combination of basaloid cells, ghost cells and foreign body giant cells appeared to be necessary in FNA smear for a confident cytodiagnosis of pilomatrixoma. Presence of naked nuclei, nucleated squamous cells and calcification were additional features in favour of the diagnosis. Another 10 cases with initial cytodiagnosis of pilomatrixoma or benign skin appendage tumour were reviewed. Using the above criteria, diagnosis of pilomatrixoma was easy in five cases. One case was problematical due to presence of atypical squamous cells. Initially the cytological features were most commonly confused with epidermal inclusion cyst, giant cell lesion or a squamous cell carcinoma. The main reasons for erroneous diagnosis were lack of awareness of cytological features, predominance of one component over the others, and non‐representative FNA smears. Atypia in nucleated squamous cells, and misinterpretation of basaloid cells as malignant can lead to diagnostic dilemma. Adequate clinical data are also necessary.     

A comparison of the tube forming potentials of early and late endothelial progenitor cells

The identification of circulating endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) has revolutionized approaches to cell-based therapy for injured and ischemic tissues. However, the mechanisms by which EPCs promote the formation of new vessels remain unclear. In this study, we obtained early EPCs from human peripheral blood and late EPCs from umbilical cord blood. Human umbilical vascular endothelial cells (HUVECs) were also used. Cells were evaluated for their tube-forming potential using our novel in vitro assay system. Cells were seeded linearly along a 60 μm wide path generated by photolithographic methods. After cells had established a linear pattern on the substrate, they were transferred onto Matrigel. Late EPCs formed tubular structures similar to those of HUVECs, whereas early EPCs randomly migrated and failed to form tubular structures. Moreover, late EPCs participate in tubule formation with HUVECs. Interestingly, late EPCs in Matrigel migrated toward pre-existing tubular structures constructed by HUVECs, after which they were incorporated into the tubules. In contrast, early EPCs promote sprouting of HUVECs from tubular structures. The phenomena were also observed in the in vivo model. These observations suggest that early EPCs cause the disorganization of pre-existing vessels, whereas late EPCs constitute and orchestrate vascular tube formation.     

Ultrastructure of the surface of the iris in the rat eye

Summary The surface structure of the iris in the rat eye was studied by light and electron microscopy.The anterior surface of the rat iris is covered with a discontinuous layer of large, polygonal endothelial cells with microvilli on their surface. Crypts and holes between adjacent endothelial cells extend into the stroma and form there a complicated network of interconnected spaces occupying about one half or more of the volume of the pupillary part of the stroma. The crypts are occasionally partly covered with endothelial cells. The posterior surface is covered with a continuous layer of polyhedronal epithelial cells. These are covered with many folds and processes, partly masked by an amorphous coat. The sphincter pupillae and dilatator muscles are possible to recognize on the scanning electron micrographs as well as blood vessels and nerve fibers in the iris stroma.The endothelial cells show many structural similarities with the endothelial cells on the cornea, probably reflecting their common origin. The results obtained, especially those from the scanning electron microscopic studies, are discussed and interpreted in relation to previous studies. The advantages in using different light and electron microscopic techniques are stressed.Supported by grants from Magnus Bergwall's Stiftelse and the Swedish Medical Research Council (B71-12X-2543-03).     

Enhancement of BDNF production by co-cultivation of human neuroblastoma and fibroblast cells

It has been proved that co-cultivation of human neuroblastoma cells and human fibrolast cells can enhance nerve cell growth and the production of BDNF in perfusion cultivation. In batch co-cultivation, maximum cell density was increased up to 1.76×10⁶ viable cells/mL from 9×10⁵ viable cells/mL of only neuroblastoma cell culture. The growth of neuroblastoma cells was greatly improved by culturing both nerve and fibroblast cells in a perfusion process, maintaining 1.5×10⁶ viable cells/mL, which was much higher than that from fed-batch cultivation. The nerve cell growth was greatly enhanced in both fed-batch and perfusion cultivations while the growth of fibroblast cells was not. It strongly implies that the factors secreted from, human fibroblast cells and/or the environments of co-culture system can enhance both cell growth and BDNF secretion. Specific BDNF production rate was not enhanced in co-cultures; however, the production period was increased as the cell growth was lengthened in the co-culture case. Competitive growth between nerve cells and fibroblast cells was not observed in all cases, showing no changes of fibroblast cell growth and only enhancement of the neuroblastoma cell growth and overall BDNF production. It was also found that the perfusion cultivation was the most appropriate process for cultivating two cell lines simultaneously in a bioreactor.     

间充质干细胞在动脉粥样硬化治疗中的研究进展

动脉粥样硬化是一种病因复杂的血管壁慢性炎症性疾病。动脉粥样硬化及其相关并发症已成为人类死亡的主要原因,然而,其病因和发病机制尚未完全阐明,治疗效果还不满意。目前已经证实,动脉内皮细胞功能发生障碍是动脉粥样硬化的始动过程,内皮细胞功能失调和内皮细胞丢失是动脉粥样硬化症的主要特点;而血管平滑肌细胞的异常增生在动脉粥样硬化的发生发展中也扮演着重要角色。因此,探索有效措施促进有益的内皮细胞再生并抑制平滑肌细胞增生是血管损伤防治的关键。近年来有研究发现,体外输注的间充质干细胞能够向受损部位募集,并进一步分化为内皮细胞,修复损伤血管。然而,也有研究显示体外输注的间充质干细胞还可以分化为血管平滑肌细胞进而在血管局部增生,参与血管再狭窄的发生。文中综述了间充质干细胞输注对动脉粥样硬化发展的最新研究进展,希望为后续开展的用间充质干细胞治疗动脉粥样硬化的研究提供一定的参考。     

树突状细胞与CIK细胞共培养诱生的DCCIK细胞群对肿瘤的杀伤作用

由树突状细胞(DC)与细胞因子诱导的同源杀伤细胞(CIK)的共培养诱生的细胞群(DCCIK)对肿瘤细胞的细胞毒活性的研究。DCCIK细胞体外杀伤肿瘤靶细胞A549(MTT法),效靶比为10∶1、5∶1时杀伤率分别为61%、52%。DCCIK细胞诱导培养3周后,效靶比为10∶1、5∶1时杀伤率分别为64%和56%。数据亦表明DCCIK细胞对靶细胞的杀伤优于CIK细胞。动物体内实验分荷瘤A549、BEL7404和A375三组,每组分(A)DCCIK 化疗、(B)单用化疗。治疗20天、35天后测量各组肿瘤消失率。结果显示:DCCIK 化疗的抑瘤效果明显好于单纯化疗。提示DCCIK细胞有临床应用前景。     

Resistance and augmentation of innate immunity in mice exposed to starvation

Mice were exposed to starvation for 3 days. Body temperature and various parameters were examined. By starvation, body temperature, blood glucose and ACTH decreased, especially on days 2 and 3. The level of corticosterone increased at this time. On the other hand, the number of lymphocytes yielded by the liver, spleen and thymus decreased from day 1 to 3. The change of the distribution of lymphocyte subsets was unique because NK, NKT and extrathymic T cells were stress-resistant in the liver. Conventional T and B cells were stress-sensitive. Reflecting the increased proportion of NK and NKT cells, NK and NKT activities were augmented. The increased proportion of NKT cells produced both IFNγ and IL-4 (Th0-type profile). The proportion and some functions of granulocytes and macrophages increased on Day 1 after starvation. These results suggest that starvation has a potential to increase the functions of unconventional lymphocytes and myeloid cells.