肺炎支原体肺炎伴喘息儿童血清25(OH)D_3、Th17/Treg表达水平与肺功能的关系

目的:探讨肺炎支原体肺炎伴喘息儿童血清25羟基维生素D3[25(OH)D_3]、辅助性17细胞/调节性T细胞(Th17/Treg)表达水平与肺功能的关系。方法:将新疆医科大学第五附属医院收治的肺炎支原体肺炎伴喘息患儿26例作为肺炎伴喘息组,肺炎支原体肺炎不伴有喘息患儿54例作为肺炎不伴喘息组,另选取健康儿童30例作为对照组,比较各组血清25(OH)D_3、白细胞介素(IL)-10、IL-17、Th17细胞及Treg细胞占CD4+T细胞比例及肺功能,并分析其相关性。结果:肺炎伴喘息组血清25(OH)D_3、IL-10、Treg细胞占CD4+T细胞比例低于肺炎不伴喘息组、对照组,Th17细胞占CD4+T细胞比例、Th17/Treg、IL-17高于肺炎不伴喘息组、对照组(P0.05)。各组第一秒最大呼气量占用力肺活量百分比(FEV1/FVC)比较差异无统计学意义(P0.05),肺炎伴喘息组FEV1占预计值百分比(FEV1%pred)、峰值呼气流量(PEF)低于肺炎不伴喘息组、对照组(P0.05),肺炎不伴喘息组与对照组FEV1%pred、PEF比较无统计学意义(P0.05)。肺炎伴喘息组患儿血清25 (OH)D_3与Th17/Treg、IL-17呈负相关(P0.05),与IL-10、FEV1%pred、PEF呈正相关(P0.05),血清Th17/Treg与IL-10、FEV1%pred、PEF呈负相关(P0.05),与IL-17呈正相关(P0.05)。结论:肺炎支原体肺炎伴喘息儿童血清25(OH)D_3、Th17/Treg表达水平异常,肺功能下降,且25(OH)D_3、Th17/Treg表达水平与肺功能相关。     

急性发作支气管哮喘患儿粪便菌群特征及其与Th17细胞免疫功能的关系CSCD

目的 研究急性发作支气管哮喘儿童粪便菌群特征及其与Th17细胞免疫功能的关系,为该类患儿的治疗提供参考。方法 选择2019年12月至2020年12月我院收治的96例急性发作支气管哮喘患儿为研究组,选择同期来我院进行粪便检查并结果正常的60例健康体检儿童为对照组。对比两组对象粪便菌群分布情况,外周血TGF-β_(1)、IL-17、Th17细胞、Treg细胞、Th17/Treg水平。采用Pearson相关分析患儿粪便菌群数量与Th17细胞免疫功能的相关性。结果 研究组患儿粪便中大肠埃希菌数量显著高于对照组,而乳杆菌和双歧杆菌数量显著低于对照组(均P<0.05)。研究组患儿外周血TGF-β_(1)、 IL-17、 Th17细胞、Th17/Treg水平显著高于对照组,而Treg细胞水平显著低于对照组(均P<0.05)。Pearson相关分析表明,哮喘患儿粪便大肠埃希菌数量与外周血TGF-β_(1)、 IL-17、 Th17细胞、 Th17/Treg水平呈正相关(r=0.528、0.714、0.524、0.572,均P<0.05),与外周血Treg细胞水平呈负相关(r=-0.439,P<0.05)。哮喘患儿粪便乳杆菌数量与外周血Treg细胞水平呈正相关(r=0.459, P<0.05),与外周血TGF-β_(1)、 IL-17、 Th17细胞、Th17/Treg水平呈负相关(r=-0.457、-0.692、-0.491、-0.563,均P<0.05)。哮喘患儿粪便双歧杆菌数量与外周血Treg细胞水平呈正相关(r=0.462,P<0.05),与外周血TGF-β_(1)、IL-17、Th17细胞、Th17/Treg水平呈负相关(r=-0.496、-0.729、-0.542、-0.558,均P<0.05)。结论 急性发作支气管哮喘患儿肠道优势菌数量减少,肠道机会致病菌数量增加,并与Th17细胞免疫功能存在一定联系。     

多发性骨髓瘤患者骨髓单个核细胞Treg、Th17和血清IL-6、IL-10与临床分期以及治疗效果的关系分析

摘要 目的：探讨多发性骨髓瘤（MM）患者骨髓单个核细胞调节性T细胞（Treg）、辅助性T细胞（Th17）和血清白细胞介素-6（IL-6）、白细胞介素-10（IL-10）与临床分期以及治疗效果的关系。方法：选择2016年3月至2020年12月河北医科大学第一医院收治的MM患者60例为研究对象,检测并对比不同Durie-Salmon分期患者的骨髓单个核细胞Treg、Th17、Treg/Th17及血清IL-6、IL-10水平;患者入院后均给予常规治疗,根据疗效分为有效组和无效组,比较两组治疗前后骨髓单个核细胞Treg、Th17、Treg/Th17及血清IL-6、IL-10水平;分析Treg、Th17、Treg/Th17及血清IL-6、IL-10与MM患者Durie-Salmon分期、治疗效果的相关性。结果：MM患者骨髓单个核细胞Treg、Treg/Th17及血清IL-6、IL-10水平III期组高于II期组,II期组高于I期组（P＜0.05）。有效组治疗后骨髓单个核细胞Treg、Treg/Th17水平及血清IL-6、IL-10水平较治疗前明显降低（P＜0.05）;治疗后,骨髓单个核细胞Treg、Treg/Th17及血清IL-6、IL-10水平无效组高于有效组（P＜0.05）。骨髓单个核细胞Treg、Treg/Th17及血清IL-6、IL-10水平与MM患者Durie-Salmon分期呈正相关,与治疗效果呈负相关（P＜0.05）;骨髓单个核细胞Th17水平与MM患者的Durie-Salmon分期、治疗效果无明显的相关性（P＞0.05）。结论：骨髓单个核细胞Treg、Treg/Th17水平及血清IL-6、IL-10水平与MM患者肿瘤临床分期、治疗效果密切相关,检测其水平可对MM的临床治疗及预后起到一定评估作用。     

哮喘患者外周血Treg和Th1/Th2的变化及其与哮喘病情的关系

目的:探讨哮喘患者外周血调节性T细胞(Treg)以及辅助性T细胞(Th1/Th2)的比例的变化,探讨其在哮喘的临床治疗中的作用。方法:80例哮喘患者(哮喘组)按临床表现分为急性发作期组(54例)和缓解期组(26例),同时选择50例健康体检者。应用流式细胞仪检测上述各组外周血CD4+CD25+Foxp3+Treg、CD4+IFN-γ+Th1和CD4+IL-4+Th2细胞水平,并进行统计学分析。结果:哮喘组CD4+CD25+Foxp3+Treg水平亦明显低于正常对照组(P<0.05。其中急性发作期组Treg水平明显低于缓解期组和正常对照组(P<0.05)。而哮喘组Th1/Th2比值显著低于对照组(P<0.05),且在哮喘急性发作组中Th1/Th2比值显著低于缓解期组和正常对照组(P<0.05)。结论:提示Treg和Th在哮喘的发生和发展中起着重要的作用。     

哮喘患者外周血Treg和Th1/Th2的变化及其与哮喘病情的关系

目的：探讨哮喘患者外周血调节性T细胞（Treg）以及辅助性T细胞（Th1/Th2）的比例的变化,探讨其在哮喘的临床治疗中的作用。方法：80例哮喘患者（哮喘组）按临床表现分为急性发作期组（54例）和缓解期组（26例）,同时选择50例健康体检者。应用流式细胞仪检测上述各组外周血CD4＋CD25＋Foxp3＋Treg、CD4＋IFN-γ＋Th1和CD4＋IL-4＋Th2细胞水平,并进行统计学分析。结果：哮喘组CD4＋CD25＋Foxp3＋Treg水平亦明显低于正常对照组（P〈0.05。其中急性发作期组Treg水平明显低于缓解期组和正常对照组（P〈0.05）。而哮喘组Th1/Th2比值显著低于对照组（P〈0.05）,且在哮喘急性发作组中Th1/Th2比值显著低于缓解期组和正常对照组（P〈0.05）。结论：提示Treg和Th在哮喘的发生和发展中起着重要的作用。     

辅助性T细胞17的研究进展

CD4 T细胞根据释放细胞因子不同可分为不同的亚型:辅助性T细胞(T helper cells, Th)1、Th2和调节性T细胞(regulatory T cells, Treg).最近发现了一种新的CD4 T细胞亚型:以分泌白细胞介素-17为主要特征的Th17细胞.Th17细胞的发现对CD4 T细胞分化、Th细胞漂移等传统理论提出了挑战,同样也为感染、免疫性疾病提供了新的研究思路,尤其是Treg、Th1、Th2和Th17细胞在体内的平衡对于维持正常免疫应答反应有重要意义.     

HPV感染患者阴道微生态、Th17/Treg细胞及相关细胞因子表达分析CSCD

目的 分析人乳头瘤病毒（HPV）感染患者阴道微生态、辅助性T细胞17(Th17)/调节性T细胞（Treg）及相关细胞因子表达情况,为该类患者的治疗提供参考。方法 选取2020年5月至2022年6月厦门大学附属妇女儿童医院收治的HPV感染患者108例作为研究组,另选取我院同期健康体检者108例作为对照组。两组受试者均进行HPV筛查、阴道菌群检测以及阴道微生态检测,采用流式细胞仪检测Th17/Treg细胞;采用酶联免疫吸附法（ELISA）检测白细胞介素-6(IL-6)、 IL-10和IL-17水平;采用Spearman法分析HPV感染患者阴道菌群和Th17/Treg细胞及相关细胞因子的相关性。结果 HPV共检出9种亚型,主要以HPV 16和HPV 18为主。研究组患者阴道乳杆菌阳性率显著低于对照组,衣原体、解脲支原体、滴虫和细菌性阴道病阳性率均显著高于对照组（均P<0.05）。研究组患者阴道pH>4.5、阴道菌群密集度Ⅱ～Ⅳ级、阴道菌群多样性Ⅱ～Ⅳ级和微生态失调率均显著高于对照组（均P<0.05）。研究组患者Th17/Treg、IL-6、IL-10和IL-17水平显著高于对照组（均P<0.05）。Spearman相关性分析显示,阴道中乳杆菌与Th17/Treg、IL-6、IL-10和IL-17水平均呈负相关;衣原体、解脲支原体、滴虫和细菌性阴道病与Th17/Treg、IL-6、IL-10和IL-17水平均呈正相关（均P<0.05）。结论 HPV感染患者存在阴道微生态失调,而且Th17/Treg细胞、IL-6、IL-10和IL-17水平均异常升高。     

龈沟液miR-155、miR-223表达水平与慢性牙周炎伴2型糖尿病患者牙周临床指标、口腔龈下菌群以及Th17/Treg失衡的相关性分析

摘要 目的：探讨龈沟液miR-155、miR-223表达水平与慢性牙周炎伴2型糖尿病（T2DM）患者牙周临床指标、口腔龈下菌群以及外周血辅助性T细胞17（Th17）/调节性T细胞（Treg）失衡的相关性。方法：选择2018年1月至2022年1月安徽理工大学第一附属医院口腔科收治的86例慢性牙周炎患者,根据是否伴T2DM将患者分为慢性牙周炎伴T2DM组15例和单纯慢性牙周炎组71例,另选择65例健康体检志愿者为对照组。检测龈沟液miR-155、miR-223表达水平,口腔龈下菌群以及外周血Th17细胞占比、Treg细胞占比、血清白细胞介素（IL）-17、转化生长因子-β（TGF-β）水平。Pearson相关分析龈沟液miR-155、miR-223表达水平与牙周临床指标、口腔龈下菌群、外周血Th17/Treg以及血清IL-17、TGF-β的相关性。结果：慢性牙周炎伴T2DM组、单纯慢性牙周炎组龈沟液miR-155、miR-223表达水平高于对照组（P＜0.05）,且慢性牙周炎伴T2DM组高于单纯慢性牙周炎组（P＜0.05）。慢性牙周炎伴T2DM组龈沟出血指数（SBI）、菌斑指数（PLI）、探诊深度（PD）、附着丧失（AL）、牙龈卟啉单胞菌、二氧化碳噬纤维菌、中间普氏菌、变黑普氏菌数量、外周血Th17细胞占比、Th17/Treg比值、血清IL-17水平高于单纯慢性牙周炎组（P＜0.05）,外周血Treg细胞占比低于单纯慢性牙周炎组（P＜0.05）。龈沟液miR-155、miR-223表达水平与PLI、SBI、AL、PD、牙龈卟啉单胞菌、二氧化碳噬纤维菌、中间普氏菌、变黑普氏菌数量、外周血Th17细胞占比、Th17/Treg比值、血清IL-17水平呈正相关（P＜0.05）,与外周血Treg细胞占比呈负相关（P＜0.05）。结论：慢性牙周炎伴T2DM患者龈沟液中miR-155、miR-233表达均上调,且与牙周组织破坏程度、龈下菌群紊乱和Th17/Treg失衡有关。     

糖尿病患者外周血Th17/Treg细胞及相关细胞因子的表达变化

目的:探讨糖尿病患者外周血Th17细胞和Treg细胞数量以及相关细胞因子表达的变化。方法:以本院2013年1月至2015年12月收治的50例糖尿病患者为研究对象,其中1型糖尿病患者25例,2型糖尿病患者25例,同时以25例健康体检人群为正常对照,检测各组外周血Th17/Treg细胞数量以及血清IL-17、IL-10和TGF-β水平。结果:糖尿病患者外周血中Th17细胞比例均显著高于正常对照组(P0.05)而Treg细胞的比例均显著低于正常对照组(P0.05),且1型糖尿病患者Treg细胞比例显著低于2型糖尿病患者(P0.05)。糖尿病患者血清中IL-10和TGF-β水平均显著低于正常对照组(P0.05)而IL-17水平均显著高于正常对照组(P0.05),且1型糖尿病患者的IL-10水平显著低于2型糖尿病患者(P0.05)。结论:糖尿病患者体内Treg细胞数量及相关细胞因子低于正常而Th17细胞数量及相关细胞因子高于正常,这可能与患者体内的自身免疫失调有关。     

匹多莫德辅助治疗儿童细菌感染性肺炎对血清淀粉样蛋白A及Th1/Th2细胞因子谱影响的研究

该文主要研究匹多莫德辅助治疗儿童细菌感染性肺炎的疗效及对血清淀粉样蛋白A(SAA)及细胞因子谱的影响。首先,将106例细菌感染性肺炎患儿随机分为对照组(n=53)与观察组(n=53),分别给予规范化治疗和规范化治疗联合匹多莫德治疗。然后,对比两组患儿的治疗效果、用药情况、症状缓解时间及并发症发生情况。最后,用药前后测定血清SAA、降钙素原(PCT)、C反应蛋白(CRP)、白细胞计数(WBC)、肿瘤坏死因子(TNF-α)、干扰素(IFN-γ)、白细胞介素(IL-2)、IL-4、IL-6、IL-10水平,流式细胞分析仪检测辅助性T细胞(Th1/Th2)。疗效评估显示,观察组的痊愈率及总有效率分别为52.83%、98.11%,均高于对照组的37.74%、86.79%(P0.05)。观察组的抗菌药物使用时间、退热时间、咳嗽消退时间、喘息消退时间、肺啰音消退时间、WBC复常时间及总住院时间均短于对照组(P0.05)。治疗后,观察组的血清SAA、PCT、CRP细胞因子(TNF-α、IFN-γ、IL-2、IL-4、IL-6、IL-10)、Th2细胞比均低于对照组,IFN-γ/IL-4比值及Th1/Th2比值高于对照组(P0.05)。因此,匹多莫德辅助治疗儿童细菌感染性肺炎可促进病情康复,提高临床疗效,可下调血清SAA水平并调节Th1/Th2细胞及相关细胞因子表达,改善患儿的免疫功能状态。     

白蚁与动物及微生物的共生类型及其机制

综述了白蚁螱客的主要种类、共生关系及相关机制的研究进展。白蚁螱客中,已报道的动物种类达170种。在与动物的共生关系中存在偏利共生（宾主共栖和异种共栖）、互利共生和无关共生三种;在与微生物的共生关系中,存在与内生菌（原生动物、细菌、真菌和放线菌）和外生菌（蚁巢伞菌等）间的互利关系。指出了白蚁与螱客研究中存在的问题,给出了解决方案,并提出了今后可能的研究热点或方向,为白蚁的综合利用（如纤维素酶）及今后研究物种间的协同进化提供了基础资料。     

New amino-dithiaphospholanes and phosphoramidodithioites and their rhodium and iridium complexes

New sulfur derivatives of phosphoramidite ligands were synthesized and the impact of the sulfur unit on the spectroscopic properties of their rhodium and iridium complexes was investigated. The new ligands Bn₂NPSCH₂CH₂S^a(P-S^a) (Bn = benzyl, 4), Bn₂NPSCHCHS^a(CH₂)₃C^aH₂(P-S^a)(C^a-S^a) (6) and Bn₂NP(4-XC₆H₄OMe)₂ (X = S, 7a; X = O, 7b) were converted to the rhodium and iridium complexes trans-[Rh(CO)Cl(L)₂] (L = 4, 6, 7), [RhCl(COD)(L)] (L = 4, 6, 7), [IrCl(COD)(7a)] and [IrCl₂Cp∗(6)]. For comparison, some phosphoramidite complexes of these formulations also were synthesized. The new metal complexes were spectroscopically analyzed. For the carbonyl complexes, the ν_CO IR stretching frequencies were lower than for the corresponding phosphite and phosphoramidite ligands. The ¹J_PRh coupling constants for the rhodium complexes with the new ligands were also smaller than for the respective phosphoramidite and phosphite complexes. Finally, the ¹J_PSe coupling constants of the selenides of the new ligands were lower than those of the phosphoramidite ligands but higher than for PPh₃. The spectroscopic data reveal that the new thio ligands 4, 6 and 7a are more electron donating than phosphites and phosphoramidites but less electron donating than PPh₃.     

Astrocytes and Synaptosomes Transport and Metabolize Lactate and Acetate Differently

Astrocytes transport the monocarboxylate acetate, but synaptosomes do not. The reason for this is unknown, because both preparations express monocarboxylate transporters (MCT). The transport and metabolism of lactate, another monocarboxylate, was examined in these two preparations, and the results were compared to those for acetate. Lactate transport is more rapid in astrocytes than in synaptosomes, but of lower affinity (Kms of 17 and 4 mM, respectively). Lactate (0.2 mM) is metabolized to CO2 more rapidly in synaptosomes than in astrocytes (rates of 0.37 and 0.07 nmol x mg protein(-1) x min(-1), respectively). The reason for this is unclear, but cellular differences in lactate dehydrogenase isotype expression may be involved. Acetate is metabolized to CO2 more rapidly in astrocytes than in synaptosomes (rates of 0.43 and 0.02 nmol x mg protein(-1) x min(-1), respectively). This is likely due to cellular differences in the expression of monocarboxylate transporter subtypes.     

Rapporteur report: Basics and technology and metrology and standards

The first and second sessions of the Workshop focussed on the basics of ultrasound and infrasound, their applications in both industry and medicine, and metrology and protection standards for ultrasound applications.     

Relative and combined effects of ethanol and protein deficiency on strontium and barium bone content and fecal and urinary excretion

To elucidate accumulation of minerals in human iliac arteries with aging, the content of minerals was analyzed by inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometry. Bilateral common, internal, and external iliac arteries of 16 men and 8 women, ranging ages from 65 to 93 yr, were examined. It was found that an extremely high accumulation of calcium and phosphorus occurred in the common iliac artery at old age, being higher than that of the internal and external iliac arteries. It should be noted that the accumulation of calcium and phosphorus is the highest in the common iliac artery among the human arteries examined to date. Regarding sexual differences, the content of calcium and phosphorus in the common and internal iliac arteries was higher in women than in men, whereas their content in the external iliac artery was lower in women than in men.     

Cytoskeleton and mitochondrial morphology and function

It has been well established that the cytoskeleton is an essential modulator of cell morphology and motility, intracytoplasmic transport and mitosis, however cytoskeletal linkage to the organelles has not been unequivocally demonstrated. Indeed, cytoskeleton appears to be essential in determining and modulating gene phenotype as a function of cellular environment. According to recent studies, the organization of the cytoskeleton network together with associated protein(s) could be essential in regulating mitochondrial function and particularly the permeability of the mitochondrial outer membrane to ADP. The aim of this chapter is to summarize the main properties of the cytoskeletal environment of mitochondria and the possible role(s) of this network in mitochondrial function in myocytes.     

人血管能抑素基因的克隆、表达及其表达产物的纯化和生物活性测定

以人胎盘脐带组织为材料,提取组织总RNA,用netRTPCR方法合成人血管能抑素cDNA基因,将该cDNA克隆进pSP72载体获得重组质粒pSP72C, DNA序列分析结果与预期序列一致。用BamHⅠ和NdeⅠ双酶切,切下pSP72C上的血管能抑素cDNA,插入pET3c载体的相应位点获得重组表达质粒pETC, 转化E. coli BL21(DE3), SDSPAGE分析显示：在IPTG诱导下,血管能抑素基因获得了高效表达,表达量约占菌体总蛋白的 27.9 %,主要以包涵体形式存在。包涵体经过洗涤、裂解、蛋白复性以及Sephadex G75凝胶过滤层析等步骤后,获得了纯度达91.4 %的人血管能抑素。CAM实验证明10 μg纯化蛋白就能显著抑制鸡胚新生血管生成。     

Vascular volumes and hematology in male and female runners and cyclists

To examine the hypothesis that foot-strike hemolysis alters vascular volumes and selected hematological properties is trained athletes, we have measured total blood volume (TBV), red cell volume (RCV) and plasma volume (PV) in cyclists (n = 21) and runners (n = 17) and compared them to those of untrained controls (n = 20). TBV (ml x kg(-1)) was calculated as the sum of RCV (ml x kg(-1)) and PV (ml x kg(-1)) obtained using 51Cr and 125I-labelled albumin, respectively. Hematological assessment was carried out using a Coulter counter. Peak aerobic power (VO2peak) was measured during progressive exercise to fatigue using both cycle and treadmill ergometry. RCV was 15% higher (P < 0.05) in male cyclists [35.4 (1.0), mean (SE); n = 12] and runners [35.3 (0.98); n = 9] compared to the controls [30.7 (0.92); n = 12]. Similar differences existed between the female cyclists [28.2 (2.1); n = 9] and runners [28.4 (1.0); n = 8] compared to the untrained controls [24.9 (1.4); n = 8]. For the male athletes, PV was between 19% (cyclists) and 28% (runners) higher (P < 0.05) in the trained athletes compared to the untrained controls. The differences in PV between the female groups were not significant. Although the males had a higher (P < 0.05) TBV, RCV and PV than the females, no differences between cyclists and runners were found for either gender. Mean cell volume was not different between the athletic groups. VO2peak (ml x kg(-1) x min(-1)) was higher (P < 0.05) in both male [68.4 (1.5)] and female [54.8 (2.1)] runners when compared to the untrained males [47.1 (1.0)] and females [40.5 (2.1)]. Although differences existed between the genders in VO2peak for both cyclists and runners, no differences were found between the athletic groups within a gender. Since the vascular volumes were not different between cyclists and runners for either the males or females, foot-strike hemolysis would not appear to have an effect on that parameter. The significant correlations (P < 0.05) found between VO2peak and RCV (r = 0.64 and 0.64) and TBV (r = 0.82 and 0.63) for the males and females, respectively, suggests a role for the vascular system in realizing a high aerobic power.     

Microbial and bioconversion production of D-xylitol and its detection and application

D-Xylitol is found in low content as a natural constituent of many fruits and vegetables. It is a five-carbon sugar polyol and has been used as a food additive and sweetening agent to replace sucrose, especially for non-insulin dependent diabetics. It has multiple beneficial health effects, such as the prevention of dental caries, and acute otitis media. In industry, it has been produced by chemical reduction of D-xylose mainly from photosynthetic biomass hydrolysates. As an alternative method of chemical reduction, biosynthesis of D-xylitol has been focused on the metabolically engineered Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Candida strains. In order to detect D-xylitol in the production processes, several detection methods have been established, such as gas chromatography (GC)-based methods, high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC)-based methods, LC-MS methods, and capillary electrophoresis methods (CE). The advantages and disadvantages of these methods are compared in this review.