赣东北地区鱼类区系特征及我国东部地区动物地理区划

本文依据赣东北鱼类区系的特征,结合古地史资料,从历史时空的角度分析其区系的形成和演化;进而对我国东部地区淡水鱼类动物地理区划进行了讨论并指出：赣东北以及整个长江中下游地区应隶属于东洋区;南岭──武夷山──天台山──仙霞岭可构成东洋区南东亚亚区内次一级地理区划的分界线,即华东小区和华南小区的分界线;洞庭湖水系、鄱阳湖水系和钱塘江水系应享有相同的区划级别,同处于东洋区南东亚亚区华东小区内。     

广西十万大山地区的鱼类区系及其动物地理学分析

于1998年和1999年对广西西南部十万大山地区的鱼类区系进行了调查。十万大山是我国大陆最南端的山脉,该地区共有野生鱼类102种,由于南北坡河流分属不同水系,两地的鱼类组成有很大差异。北坡各支流均汇入明江（珠江水系的一个支脉）,其鱼类组成具有明显的珠江水系特点,在中国动物地理区划上属华南区珠江亚区。南坡各水系多独流入海,鱼类组成与珠江和海南岛诸水系均有较大共性,反映出地史上这些水系之间曾有着广泛的交流和联系,但与海南岛亚区的鱼类区系成分更为接近,动物地理区划应归属海南岛亚区。     

广西十万大山地区的鱼类区系及其动物地理学分析

于1998年和1999年对广西西南部十万大山地区的鱼类区系统了调查,十万大山是我国大陆最南端的山脉,该地区共有野生鱼类102种,由于南北坡河流分属不同水系,两地的鱼类组成有很大差异,北坡各支流均汇入明江（珠江水系的一个支脉）,其鱼类组成具有明显的珠江水系特点,在中国动物地理区划上属华南区珠江亚区,南坡各水系多独流入海,鱼类组成与珠江和海南岛诸水系均有较大共性,反映出地史上这些水系之间曾有广泛的交流和联系,但与海南岛亚区的鱼类区系成分更为接近,动物地理区划应归属海南岛亚区。     

华东武夷山–仙霞岭地区淡水鱼类区系特征及其动物地理区划

武夷山脉–仙霞岭是长江鄱阳湖水系与我国东部独流入海的钱塘江、瓯江、闽江和韩江等水系的分水岭,是中国陆地生物多样性保护的关键地区之一。本文对武夷山–仙霞岭地区5个水系的111个上游江段鱼类进行了采集,获得标本13,000余号,并结合文献资料对该地区的鱼类区系作了分析。结果显示,该地区共分布有鱼类282种,其中纯淡水土著鱼类239种,隶属于6目23科101属。鲤形目、鲈形目、鲇形目各有181种、29种和22种,分别占纯淡水鱼类的75.73%、12.13%和9.21%,是本地区鱼类组成的主体。东亚特有的江河平原鱼类和南亚暖水性鱼类各有109种和51种,分别占纯淡水鱼类的45.61%和21.34%。5个水系之间鱼类的共有种较多,平均相似度均在50%以上。但东部4条独流入海河流,自北往南江河平原鱼类所占比例逐渐下降,而南亚暖水性鱼类则逐渐增加。鱼类区系的聚类分析显示,鄱阳湖、钱塘江、瓯江和闽江聚为一类,韩江单独构成另一类。分析表明,武夷山脉–仙霞岭并没有对淡水鱼类形成很强的阻隔作用,整个区域都是东洋区的组成部分。但鉴于已经出现的一些南北差异,本文认为可以将东南部的韩江水系划归南东亚亚区的华南小区,鄱阳湖水系与钱塘江、瓯江和闽江水系划归华东小区。     

青藏高原鱼类区系特征及其形成的地史原因分析

本文以作者大量实地考察资料为基础,对青藏高原鱼类区系特征进行深入分析和归纳,提出青藏高原鱼类6科26属114种的名录及各水系间鱼类共有属种的比较图。首先阐述了青藏高原鱼类区系组成的单纯性与复杂水系的概况,进而找出青藏高原与新疆等干旱地区间的鱼类区系和高原内部各水系间的鱼类区系的相互联系。第二部分,通过分布特征的分析确定青藏高原鱼类分布的三大特点,即在外泄河流上有明显的地理分界;在东南外围水域中呈点状分布,在垂直高度上有明显的地带性。最后,基于区系特征的分析,联系有关古地理、古气候和鱼类化石资料,探讨了形成青藏高原鱼类区系的地史原因。认为适应于温暖水域生活的原始鲃类和鳅类,在早第三纪时已广布于东亚和中亚地区。青藏高原现代鱼类区系不是由一个起源中心辐射或跨阻传布所形成的,而是通过喜马拉雅运动的三次重大地质历史事件产生隔离,导致青藏高原鱼类与其它地区鱼类的分离而形成的,其分别是:1.喜马拉雅地槽闭合引起“西康群山”再次隆起构成中亚与东亚鱼类区系的分离;2.喜马拉雅山隆起引起中亚与南亚鱼类区系间分离;3.阿尔金山等山脉再度隆起构成中亚地区青藏高原鱼类区系的分离,最后完成青藏高原这一独特的鱼类区系的雏形。 此外也论述了青藏高原鱼类区系东部分界线实际     

安宁河鱼类区系及资源保护的研究

本文报道安宁河鱼类82种,隶于5目14科65属。其区系特点:1.以鲤科鱼类的东亚类群为主体:2.区系类元较多;3.中、下游具有江河平原鱼类区系特点,上游为青藏高原鱼类区系.分析了该水系在动物地理学上的意义,还对资源增殖和保护作了探讨。     

清水江的鱼类区系及生态类型

为了系统研究清水江的鱼类区系和生态类型,在2002-2004年对清水江进行了鱼类标本的采集和生态学调查.共采集鱼类标本2 500余号,经鉴定为71种(亚种).其中中华花鳅、拟尖头鲌、长身鳜和长吻鮠等52种(亚种)鱼类为清水江鱼类新记录,而红尾副鳅、长薄鳅、海南拟、福建纹胸鮡和长须黄颡鱼则首次被发现分布于沅江水系.结合文献记录与调查表明:清水江共有鱼类4目13科57属86种(亚种),其中仅胡子鲇为外来种;清水江鱼类区系具有土著鱼类占优势、特有种类和易(濒)危种类较多、区系组成较复杂和与珠江水系之间存在着鱼类跨水系分布的现象等特点.清水江鱼类在洄游、食性、繁殖和栖息习性等方面分别属于不同的生态类型.     

青藏高原动物地理区的地位和东部界线问题

本文从历史时空的角度分析了青藏高原地区发生的鱼类区系的变化过程,和高原鱼类区系演化的相对独立性,认为这一鱼类区系的分化直接反映了高原隆升事件,并应当在动物地理区划上得到客观反映,即将青藏高原作为一个独立的区划单元。由于青藏高原的隆升和造成古北区、东洋区分化的第三纪末、第四纪初的全球性气候变冷在时间上相近、波及的范围都巨大,共同促成了欧亚大陆古北区、东洋区和青藏高原区特有类群的分化,作为对这些地史事件反映的青藏高原区、古北区和东洋区,在动物地理区划上应该具有相同的地位．另外,依据高原鱼类的分布范围和青藏高原对非高原鱼类的阻碍作用,讨论了青藏高原的界限及其划分问题。     

长臀鮠属鱼类多变量形态分析及物种有效性研究

采用形态度量学方法对分布于我国珠江水系、元江水系及海南岛诸水系的长臀属3种鱼类,共66尾个体的 43个测量性状进行了主成分分析。研究结果表明长臀属鱼类不能在形态上进行区别。作者认为长臀属鱼类 只存在一个有效种。     

云南省鲤形目鱼类两新纪录——须鲫(Carassioides acuminatus)及矮身间吸鳅(Hemimyzon pumilicorpora)

近期整理中国科学院昆明动物研究所馆藏鱼类标本时,发现云南省鲤形目鱼类两新纪录,须鲫(Carassioides acuminatus)(采自云南省河口县红河干流)及矮身间吸鳅(Hemimyzon pumilicorpora)(采自云南省富宁县谷拉乡谷拉河,属珠江上游右江水系)。该新纪录的发现明确了两个物种的分布范围并增加了对云南土著鱼类区系的了解。     

A Unique Protease Cleavage Site Predicted in the Spike Protein of the Novel Pneumonia Coronavirus (2019-nCoV) Potentially Related to Viral Transmissibility

正Dear Editor,In December 2019, a novel human coronavirus caused an epidemic of severe pneumonia(Coronavirus Disease 2019,COVID-19) in Wuhan, Hubei, China(Wu et al. 2020; Zhu et al. 2020). So far, this virus has spread to all areas of China and even to other countries. The epidemic has caused 67,102 confirmed infections with 1526 fatal cases     

Curcuminoids as inhibitors of thioredoxin reductase: A receptor based pharmacophore study with distance mapping of the active site

Curcumin is the yellow pigment of turmeric that interacts irreversibly forming an adduct with thioredoxin reductase (TrxR), an enzyme responsible for redox control of cell and defence against oxidative stress. Docking at both the active sites of TrxR was performed to compare the potency of three naturally occurring curcuminoids, namely curcumin, demethoxy curcumin and bis-demethoxy curcumin. Results show that active sites of TrxR occur at the junction of E and F chains. Volume and area of both cavities is predicted. It has been concluded by distance mapping of the most active conformations that Se atom of catalytic residue SeCYS498, is at a distance of 3.56 from C13 of demethoxy curcumin at the E chain active site, whereas C13 carbon atom forms adduct with Se atom of SeCys 498. We report that at least one methoxy group in curcuminoids is necessary for interation with catalytic residues of thioredoxin. Pharmacophore of both active sites of the TrxR receptor for curcumin and demethoxy curcumin molecules has been drawn and proposed for design and synthesis of most probable potent antiproliferative synthetic drugs.     

Comparative morphology of the carpel in the Liliaceae: Hewardieae, Petrosavieae, and Tricyrteae

The young pistils in the melanthioid tribes, Hewardieae, Petrosavieae and Tricyrteae, are uniformly tricarpellate and syncarpous. They lack raphide idioblasts. All are multiovulate, with bitegmic ovules. The Petrosavieae are marked by the presence of septal glands and incomplete syncarpy. Tepals and stamens adhere to the ovary in the Hewardieae and the Petrosavieae but not in the Tricyrteae. Two vascular bundles occur in the stamens of the Hewartlieae and Tricyrtis latifolia. Ventral bundles in the upper part of the ovary of the Hewardieae are continuous with compound septal bundles and placental bundles in the lower part. Putative ventral bundles occur in the alternate position in the Tricyrteae and putative placental bundles in the opposite. position in the Petrosavieae. The dichtomously branched stigma in each carpel of the Tricyrteae is supplied by a bifurcated dorsal bundle.     

Enterovirus 71 3C proteolytically processes the histone H3 N-terminal tail during infection

Highlights
1. The N-terminal tail of histone H3 is specifically cleaved during EV71 infection.
2. Viral protease 3C is identified as a protease responsible for proteolytically processing the N-terminal H3 tail.
3. Our finding reveals a new epigenetic regulatory mechanism for Enterovirus 71 in virus-host interactions.     

Detection of EBV and HHV6 in the Brain Tissue of Patients with Rasmussen’s Encephalitis

Rasmussen’s encephalitis (RE) is a rare pediatric neurological disorder, and the exact etiology is not clear. Viral infection may be involved in the pathogenesis of RE, but conflicting results have reported. In this study, we evaluated the expression of both Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) and human herpes virus (HHV) 6 antigens in brain sections from 30 patients with RE and 16 control individuals by immunohistochemistry. In the RE group, EBV and HHV6 antigens were detected in 56.7% (17/30) and 50% (15/30) of individuals, respectively. In contrast, no detectable EBV and HHV6 antigen expression was found in brain tissues of the control group. The co-expression of EBV and HHV6 was detected in 20.0% (6/30) of individuals. In particular, a 4-year-old boy had a typical clinical course, including a medical history of viral encephalitis, intractable epilepsy, and hemispheric atrophy. The co-expression of EBV and HHV6 was detected in neurons and astrocytes in the brain tissue, accompanied by a high frequency of CD8⁺ T cells. Our results suggest that EBV and HHV6 infection and the activation of CD8⁺ T cells are involved in the pathogenesis of RE.     

Perinatal Vertical Transmission of Chikungunya Virus in Ruili,a Town on the Border between China and Myanmar

正Dear Editor,Chikungunya virus (CHIKV), an arbovirus in the family of Togaviridae, genus Alphavirus, is transmitted by the A.aegyptii or A. albopictus mosquito, and causes disease in humans characterized by fever, rash, and arthralgia (Silva and Dermody 2017; Suhrbier 2019). It was first reported in 1953 in Tanzania, and caused only a few outbreaks and sporadic cases in Africa and Asia in last century. However, in the epidemic in 2004, CHIKV acquired mutations that conferred enhanced transmission by the A. albopictus mosquito(Schuffenecker et al. 2006). Since then, it has successively caused outbreaks in Africa, the Indian Ocean, South East Asia, the South America, and Europe (Zeller et al. 2016).     

Development of a Novel Reverse Transcription Loop-Mediated Isothermal Amplification Method for Rapid Detection of SARS-CoV-2

In conclusion, the novel visual RT-LAMP assay is a simple, rapid, and sensitive approach for detection of SARS-CoV-2, and it is ready for application in primary care and community hospitals or health care centers, and even patients' own houses in response to the current SARS-CoV-2 epidemic because the assay does not require sophisticated equipment and skilled personnel. Furthermore, it is also ready to be used in fields for screening samples from wild animals and environments to facilitate the identification of potential intermediate hosts that mediate the cross-species transmission of SARS-CoV-2 from bats to humans.