大辽河水系夏季后生浮游动物群落结构及水生态评价

作为建立中国水环境生态学基准的基础性工作,于2011年6月,按照相关规范,对大辽河水系各河段的浮游动物群落结构和水生态状况进行了调查.结果表明:调查期间大辽河水系共检出59种或变种,其中以轮虫类占优势,占总种类数的84.75％,不同采样点的密度从8.63个·L-1至2292.06个·L-1不等,平均值为628.97个·L-1;主要优势种是龟甲轮虫属(Keratella)和臂尾轮虫属(Brachionus)的种类;共检出污染指示种28种,其中β-中污带指示种居多,有11种,占所有指示种的40％;Shannon指数为2.33 ～ 3.93,Margalef丰富度指数为2.84 ～ 9.42,Pielou均匀度指数为0.59 ～0.97;综合水体中后生浮游动物的密度、优势种类、指示种和生物多样性指数评价表明,大辽河水系处于富营养化状态、中等程度污染水平.相比前些年的资料,水生态状况有所好转.     

洞庭湖区平水期浮游生物群落结构特征及富营养化现状

为了解洞庭湖区浮游生物群落结构特征及其富营养化现状,于2017年8月对洞庭湖区"三口"、"四水"等来水入湖断面、湖区及出口断面等24个采样点的水质状况和浮游生物群落结构现状进行调查。结果表明:浮游植物共检出6门53属75种,平均藻细胞密度为458.3×104个·L-1,生物量变化范围为0.06~3.64 mg·L-1,平均值为0.92 mg·L-1;洞庭湖以蓝藻、硅藻占优,属于蓝藻-硅藻型湖泊;"三口水系"优势种有颗粒直链藻(Aulacoseira granulata)、科曼小环藻(Cyclotella comensis),"四水水系"优势种有颗粒直链藻、铜绿微囊藻(Microcystis aeruginosa),湖区中优势种有颗粒直链藻、铜绿微囊藻、微小平裂藻(Merismopedia tenuissima)、小席藻(Phormidium tenue);浮游动物共检出4门20属,浮游动物密度变化范围5.0~3.4×103个·L-1,"三口水系"优势属为砂壳虫(Difflugia),"四水水系"优势属为砂壳虫、铃壳虫(Tintinnidium),湖区中优势属为砂壳虫、多肢轮虫(Polyarthra)。用综合营养状态指数、浮游生物Shannon多样性指数和Margalef种类丰富度指数分别评价水体的富营养化程度,均表明洞庭湖水体呈富营养化状态。与太湖、巢湖等淡水湖泊相比,洞庭湖藻细胞密度较小,富营养化程度较浅,但从洞庭湖富营养化的历史变化趋势可以看出,洞庭湖水质状况不容乐观,对洞庭湖生态的治理和修复迫在眉睫。     

长诏水库浮游植物群落结构及水质评价

于2010年5月、8月和11月对新昌长诏水库浮游植物群落进行了调查,运用Shannon多样性指数(H)、Simpson多样性指数(D)、Margalef丰富度指数(M)及Pielou均匀度指数(J)分析了浮游植物种群的多样性,并结合水质理化指标对长诏水库的富营养化程度及水质状况进行了综合评价.结果显示:长诏水库浮游植物有6门26属(种),其中,绿藻门10属(种),硅藻门9属(种),蓝藻门4属(种),隐藻门1属,甲藻门1属,黄藻门1属.浮游植物的丰度为5.73×105～7.73×105ind·L-1,平均为(6.71±0.81)×105 ind·L-1;生物量为0.73～1.03 mg·L-1,平均为(0.83±0.12) mg·L-1.在水平分布上,蓝藻门、硅藻门和绿藻门的丰度在各采样点中均较高;在季节分布上,硅藻门、绿藻门、蓝藻门分别在春季、夏季、秋季占绝对优势.总体上,浮游植物丰度和生物量在水库入水口较高,出水口较低.水库浮游植物的多样性较差,水质受到较重污染,且主要为氮、磷污染;富营养化程度为中-富营养化水平.     

雅鲁藏布江湘河流域浮游生物群落结构的探究与多样性分析

为了探究雅鲁藏布江湘河流域生物群落结构及物种多样性现状,为西藏地区湘河流域浮游生物资源的保护及开发利用提供科学依据。本研究于2017年3～4月对湘河流域浮游生物进行了生物采样与调查,共设置采样点8个。本次调查共检出浮游植物6门61种,其中硅藻门为优势种,共41种,占总种类数的67.21%;绿藻门、蓝藻门次之,分别占总种类数的11.48%;甲藻门、隐藻门与金藻门种类较少。浮游植物密度范围为0.43×10~5～7.2×10~5cells/L,生物量范围为0.036～2.03 mg/L。共检出浮游动物3门44种,其中原生动物门为优势种,共30种,占总种类数的68.18%;轮虫13种;枝角类1种。浮游动物密度范围为1.5×10~5～1.66×10~6cells/L,生物量范围为0.9×10~(-3)～5.7×10~(-2)mg/L。各调查点浮游植物/浮游动物Shannon-Wiener多样性指数(H)和均匀度指数(E)平均分别为4.38/3.13和0.93/0.93。多项指数综合评价表明,湘河流域水质处于轻度污染或清洁状态,浮游生物群落结构单一,密度及生物量较低,生态环境较脆弱。     

以浮游植物评价达赉湖水质污染及营养水平

1987—1988年在30个样点,四季采样,对达赉湖的浮游植物进行了种类组成,生物量、种群数量、优势种、污染指示种、硅藻指数、综合指数等群落生态学的初步研究,应用后五项参数对达赉湖水质污染及营养水平进行了评价。达赉湖浮游植物年均值达54.7×106个/L(细胞数,或个体数为2.3×106个/L),硅藻指数为149.3,综合指数为5.6。群落组成中污染指示种占65%,春季以绿藻的十字藻、卵囊藻为优势种,其它3个季节均以蓝藻中的微囊藻、鱼腥藻、腔球藻占优势,表明达赉湖已受到中等程度污染,属于蓝、绿藻型富营养湖。       

东河下游指示藻类的组成及物种多样性指数分析

经过对东河下游水体的浮游藻类调查,水体浮游藻类共计5门、71属、196种,其中绿藻门占41.84%,硅藻占28.57%。从浮游植物优势分布、指示藻类和多样性指数等生物学角度分析下游水质。     

增江底栖硅藻种类多样性及分布特征

2010年1月和5月对东江水系重要支流增江进行底栖硅藻的采样调查,分析了增江流域底栖硅藻的多样性和时空分布特征,并探讨了硅藻优势种与环境因子的关系.结果表明,两次采样共检出底栖硅藻42属178种(包括亚种和变种),与1月份相比,由于5月份降雨量较大,硅藻的数量有所下降,种类组成也有所改变.在两次采样中,藻类分布从下游到...     

三峡水库坝前水域浮游植物群落时空动态研究

于20122013 年对三峡水库坝前水域浮游植物组成、优势种、密度、生物量及多样性进行了周年季度调查, 共鉴定浮游植物151 种属, 其中绿藻门71 种, 硅藻门47 种, 蓝藻门20 种, 隐藻门和甲藻门各4 种,裸藻门和金藻门各2 种, 黄藻门1 种。浮游植物优势种的季节更替明显, 夏季和秋季优势种类为硅藻和绿藻,冬季为硅藻、蓝藻和绿藻, 春季为绿藻、硅藻和隐藻。浮游植物年均密度和生物量分别为3.95106 ind./L 和4.078 mg/L, 空间差异表现为支流和库湾远高于干流, 季节动态表现为夏季最高, 春季和冬季次之, 秋季最低。三峡水库坝前水域浮游植物多样性指数偏低, 水体污染类型属于-中污染。研究为客观了解三峡水库坝前水域浮游植物群落的空间分布与季节变化特征提供一定的参考依据。       

汉江中下游春季浮游植物群落结构特征及其影响因素

针对汉江中下游春季硅藻水华频繁暴发的现状,研究了水华暴发不同时期浮游植物群落结构特征,并结合水体理化因子分析,揭示硅藻水华发生的主要影响因子。结果表明:汉江春季水华暴发期间,共鉴定出浮游植物7门48属64种(含变种),其中硅藻种类所占比例最大(18属23种),不同样点所占比例介于44.13%~51.29%,其次是绿藻类(16属22种),不同样点所占比例介于28.21%~35.14%,蓝藻门和隐藻门种类数在水华期间较少,各样点仅发现2~3种,金藻门和甲藻门种类最少;水华发生期间主要优势种为硅藻门的小环藻,水华暴发初期和中期往往形成单优种,而水华末期随着其优势度的降低,蓝藻门、隐藻门和硅藻门其他种类也会形成优势种;水华暴发期间浮游植物密度最高可达2.34×107cells·L-1,其中小环藻种群数量最高可达2.06×107cells·L-1,占浮游植物群落总数的88%;浮游植物多样性指数中,Margalef物种丰富度指数无显著时空差异,Shannon多样性在水华中期较低,而水华初期和末期相对较高,Berger-Parker指数变化与Simpson指数相反;浮游植物与理化因子的冗余分析(RDA)发现,浮游植物总数量与磷酸盐、溶解氧、总磷呈正相关,与硝酸盐、温度、透明度呈负相关。     

铜陵市河流冬季浮游植物群落结构及其与环境因子的关系

铜陵是我国重要的有色金属矿业基地,矿业开采对区域内河流生态系统生物多样性产生严重影响.2010年冬季对铜陵主要河段浮游植物群落结构进行调查,探讨其与环境因子之间的关系.结果表明:铜陵市河流生态系统中共鉴定浮游植物8门96属203种(含变种),不同河段浮游植物群落组成存在差异,但均以硅藻、绿藻和蓝藻为主;浮游植物细胞密度在9.1×103～6.5×107 cells·L-1,直接承接矿业废水河段细胞密度明显低于未直接承接矿业废水河段;各采样点Shannon物种多样性指数为0～3.45,不同河段存在显著差异.浮游植物密度及属类数与CODcr、Cd、Cu和Zn呈显著相关性,全氮(TN)、NH4+-N、NO3--N浓度以及CODcr、pH和Cu是影响该区域河流浮游植物物种分布的重要因素.尽管水体营养状况对浮游植物的影响大于重金属,但来自矿山企业的重金属对其群落结构的影响也不容忽视.     

Curcuminoids as inhibitors of thioredoxin reductase: A receptor based pharmacophore study with distance mapping of the active site

Curcumin is the yellow pigment of turmeric that interacts irreversibly forming an adduct with thioredoxin reductase (TrxR), an enzyme responsible for redox control of cell and defence against oxidative stress. Docking at both the active sites of TrxR was performed to compare the potency of three naturally occurring curcuminoids, namely curcumin, demethoxy curcumin and bis-demethoxy curcumin. Results show that active sites of TrxR occur at the junction of E and F chains. Volume and area of both cavities is predicted. It has been concluded by distance mapping of the most active conformations that Se atom of catalytic residue SeCYS498, is at a distance of 3.56 from C13 of demethoxy curcumin at the E chain active site, whereas C13 carbon atom forms adduct with Se atom of SeCys 498. We report that at least one methoxy group in curcuminoids is necessary for interation with catalytic residues of thioredoxin. Pharmacophore of both active sites of the TrxR receptor for curcumin and demethoxy curcumin molecules has been drawn and proposed for design and synthesis of most probable potent antiproliferative synthetic drugs.     

A Unique Protease Cleavage Site Predicted in the Spike Protein of the Novel Pneumonia Coronavirus (2019-nCoV) Potentially Related to Viral Transmissibility

正Dear Editor,In December 2019, a novel human coronavirus caused an epidemic of severe pneumonia(Coronavirus Disease 2019,COVID-19) in Wuhan, Hubei, China(Wu et al. 2020; Zhu et al. 2020). So far, this virus has spread to all areas of China and even to other countries. The epidemic has caused 67,102 confirmed infections with 1526 fatal cases     

Comparative morphology of the carpel in the Liliaceae: Hewardieae, Petrosavieae, and Tricyrteae

The young pistils in the melanthioid tribes, Hewardieae, Petrosavieae and Tricyrteae, are uniformly tricarpellate and syncarpous. They lack raphide idioblasts. All are multiovulate, with bitegmic ovules. The Petrosavieae are marked by the presence of septal glands and incomplete syncarpy. Tepals and stamens adhere to the ovary in the Hewardieae and the Petrosavieae but not in the Tricyrteae. Two vascular bundles occur in the stamens of the Hewartlieae and Tricyrtis latifolia. Ventral bundles in the upper part of the ovary of the Hewardieae are continuous with compound septal bundles and placental bundles in the lower part. Putative ventral bundles occur in the alternate position in the Tricyrteae and putative placental bundles in the opposite. position in the Petrosavieae. The dichtomously branched stigma in each carpel of the Tricyrteae is supplied by a bifurcated dorsal bundle.     

鸡传染性法氏囊病病毒研究进展

传染性法氏囊病(Infection bursal disease, IBD)是由鸡传染性法氏囊病毒(Infectious bursal disease virus, IBDV)引起的鸡和火鸡的一种高度接触性传染病,给世界各国的禽养殖业带来了巨大损失.自IBDV发现至今新的变异株不断出现,分子结构的改变导致病毒致病力的改变及宿主对疫苗应答的改变,使得传统的疫苗已不能控制其流行,因此各国学者对其基因组结构和功能进行了广泛深入的研究,并积极研制新型有效的疫苗以达到防治的目的.     

Development of a Novel Reverse Transcription Loop-Mediated Isothermal Amplification Method for Rapid Detection of SARS-CoV-2

In conclusion, the novel visual RT-LAMP assay is a simple, rapid, and sensitive approach for detection of SARS-CoV-2, and it is ready for application in primary care and community hospitals or health care centers, and even patients' own houses in response to the current SARS-CoV-2 epidemic because the assay does not require sophisticated equipment and skilled personnel. Furthermore, it is also ready to be used in fields for screening samples from wild animals and environments to facilitate the identification of potential intermediate hosts that mediate the cross-species transmission of SARS-CoV-2 from bats to humans.     

Perinatal Vertical Transmission of Chikungunya Virus in Ruili,a Town on the Border between China and Myanmar

正Dear Editor,Chikungunya virus (CHIKV), an arbovirus in the family of Togaviridae, genus Alphavirus, is transmitted by the A.aegyptii or A. albopictus mosquito, and causes disease in humans characterized by fever, rash, and arthralgia (Silva and Dermody 2017; Suhrbier 2019). It was first reported in 1953 in Tanzania, and caused only a few outbreaks and sporadic cases in Africa and Asia in last century. However, in the epidemic in 2004, CHIKV acquired mutations that conferred enhanced transmission by the A. albopictus mosquito(Schuffenecker et al. 2006). Since then, it has successively caused outbreaks in Africa, the Indian Ocean, South East Asia, the South America, and Europe (Zeller et al. 2016).     

Enterovirus 71 3C proteolytically processes the histone H3 N-terminal tail during infection

Highlights
1. The N-terminal tail of histone H3 is specifically cleaved during EV71 infection.
2. Viral protease 3C is identified as a protease responsible for proteolytically processing the N-terminal H3 tail.
3. Our finding reveals a new epigenetic regulatory mechanism for Enterovirus 71 in virus-host interactions.