洞庭湖稻区黑线姬鼠种群数量预测

作者于１９８６年１０月至１９９５年３月对洞庭湖稻区黑线姬鼠的种群数量作了逐月调查。根据１９８６年１０月至１９９０年５月在湖南省桃源和汉寿县调查的结果,应用逐步回归分析法建立了预测模型并预报了岳阳县１９９２年６月、１０月,１９９３年３月、６月、１０月,１９９４年３月、６月、１０月和１９９５年３月黑线姬鼠种群的发生数量,发现数量级预测值与实测值吻合程度良好     

沉痛悼念路荣昭教授

中国共产党党员、中国科学院植物研究所教授路荣昭同志因心脏病突发、抢救无效 ,于２００１年４月１０日１７ :５０分在北京逝世 ,享年６９岁。路荣昭同志１９３３年１月２日出生于安徽省安庆市。１９５１年９月至１９５５年７月就读于北京农业大学农学系 ,毕业后到中国科学院原子能研究所工作 ,同年到中国科学院上海植物生理研究所罗宗洛教授的实验室进修。１９６２年由原子能研究所调到中国科学院植物研究所工作 ,先后在细胞研究室和光合作用研究室从事研究工作。其间于１９８０年１１月至１９８１年１月作为访问学者到美国凯特林实验室工…     

四川华蓥市鸟兽调查报告

四川华蓥市鸟兽调查报告王仁飞,邓其祥,宋功文四川省华蓥中学华蓥６３８６５０四川师范学院生物系华蓥市林业局邓其祥等（１９８０）曾对华蓥市的鸟类进行了初步调查,有关鸟兽的组成未见报道。１９８８年７月、１９８９年８月、１９９０年８月、１９９１年１月对市内的...     

南极植物考察随笔

做梦也没想到,在我５５岁至６０岁这段时间里,竟去了两次南极。第一次是１９８７年１１月至１９８８年５月,前往位于南极东部（东南极）的澳大利亚凯西站,进行地衣和苔藓形态、繁殖及生态学方面的考察。第二次是１９９１年１１月至１９９２年３月,前往南极西部（西南...     

滇中农区大面积灭鼠后褐家鼠种群动态的初步研究

滇中农区大面积灭鼠后褐家鼠种群动态的初步研究褐家鼠是滇中农区主要危害种类之一。我们于１９９０年１月－１９９１年１月和１９９１年５月－１９９２年７月在云南中部通海县开展周年调查,以分析全县统一灭鼠对褐家鼠种群数量的影响,现将结果报道如１．自然概况和调查...     

侧柏小孢子的发生和雄配子体的形态

侧柏［Ｐｌａｔｙｃｌａｄｕｓｏｒｉｅｎａｌｉｓ（Ｌ．）Ｆｒａｎｃｏ］初生造孢细胞在８月下旬（１９９２年）形成,１１月上旬形成小孢子母细胞,１９９３年２月中旬形成四分体,２月下旬从四分体内释放出来,３月中旬成成熟花粉并开始传粉,４月上旬花粉粒在珠心上萌发,５月上旬生殖细胞分裂,６月上旬精原细胞分理解。     

臭鼠种群相对数量季节变化的初步分析

１９８５年４月至１９９２年１２月,作者采用夹日法对萧山围垦农区臭种群动态进行了连续逐月定点定时的研究。结果表明：臭种群相对数量的季节消长呈后峰型双峰曲线,５月和１０月各出现一次高峰,怀孕率在２月和７月各出现一次高峰,平均胎仔数在５—６月和８—９月相对较多。室外种群相对数量高峰在４月和９—１０月;室内种群在５月和１０月,前峰不及室外种群明显。室内种群雌体怀孕率明显高于室外种群。种群相对数量的季节变化亦存在性别差异。     

臭Qu种群相对数量季节变化的初步分析

１９８５年４月１９９２年１２月,作者采用夹日法对萧山围垦农区臭Ｑｕ种群动态进行了连续逐月定点定时的研究。结果表明：臭Ｑｕ种群相对数量的季节消长呈后峰型双峰曲线,５月和１０月各出现一次高,怀孕率在２月和７月各出现一次高峰,平均胎仔数在５－６月和８－９月相对较多。室外群种相对数量高峰在４月和９－１０月;室内种群在５月和１０月,前峰不及室外种群明显。室内种群雌体怀孕率明显于室外种群。种群相对数量的季节变     

促菌生佐以复合维生素B散治疗秋冬季腹泻疗效观察

儿童秋冬流行性腹泻每年均有发生,以５岁以下患儿为主,季节性明显,持续时间长。我院儿科于１９９７年１０月～１９９８年１１月底共诊治秋冬季腹泻９８例,采用促菌生佐以我院自己生产的复合维生素Ｂ散治疗,与对照组１９９４年１０月～１９９６年１２月秋冬季腹泻１１...     

婴幼儿轮状病毒肠炎的治疗—附60例治疗临床分析

轮状病毒是我国婴幼儿急性感染性胃肠炎、腹泻的主要病原体。其发病高峰期为每年１０月到次年１月。我院自１９９６年１０月至１９９８年１月,对６０例急性腹泻婴幼儿,采用新鲜粪便,用创新ＥＬＩＳＡ一步法（金标免疫斑点法）进行ＨＲＶ检测,均属阳性者,随机分成两组...     

白颈长尾雉繁殖生态的研究

白颈长尾雉以常绿阔叶林、常绿针阔混交林和人工针叶林等3种类型的植被生境为其典型的繁殖地,植物群落乔木层盖度一般均在90％左右。雄鸟的求偶炫耀行为有3种形式,即初发情炫耀、深发情炫耀和交配前炫耀。每天出现两个高峰,上午为7:00—9:00,下午为1:00—3:00。雄雉发情交配过程可分为5个阶段,雌雉产卵过程可分为3个阶段。该雉营地面巢,每窝产卵5～8枚,孵化期为24天。     

Behavioral thermoregulation of wild Japanese macaques: comparisons between two subpopulations

We studied the behavioral thermoregulation of Japanese macaques in two troops that live in the coniferous (1,000-1,200 m in elevation) and coastal forests (0-200 m in elevation) of Yakushima. Frequency of sunbathing, huddling, and microhabitat selection during inactivity was compared. The difference in mean annual air temperature between the forests was more than 7 degrees C. In both forests, when the weather was clear, macaques spent more time being inactive in the sunshine in winter than in autumn. In winter, they huddled more often when it was clear than when cloudy. Microhabitat selection to stay in the sunshine during winter differed between the two forests. In winter, macaques spent more time inactive in open habitats in the coniferous forest and in the trees in the coastal forest than in autumn, respectively. This difference is related to the lower crown height in the coastal forest and the large open habitats (logged area) available only in the coniferous forest. In winter, skin temperature measured by temperature-sensitive transmitters was 1.32-1.71 degrees C higher when sunbathing, and 0.83-4.75 degrees C higher when huddling than staying in the shade without huddling. In winter, the proportion with which they stayed in the sunshine or huddled in winter did not differ between the two forests, in spite of the difference in air temperature. This suggests that Japanese macaques respond to seasonal changes in air temperature, not the absolute temperature, and that they acclimatize themselves to thermal conditions that require behavioral thermoregulation only during the season when thermoregulation is most costly.     

官山保护区白颈长尾雉栖息地适宜性评价

2009年4月-2009年5月和2009年12月-2010年1月,在江西官山国家级自然保护区对白颈长尾雉(Syrmaticus ellioti) 繁殖期和越冬期的栖息地进行调查。通过实地调查,结合已有研究结果,确定了官山自然保护区白颈长尾雉栖息地适宜性评价因子,即植被类型、海拔、坡度和坡向等4个栖息地因子。基于"被利用生境-可获得生境比较法",以对各评价因子不同梯度的资源选择指数为依据,确定了白颈长尾雉适宜性评价准则。应用ArcGIS 9.3空间分析功能和栖息地片断化指数,对官山保护区白颈长尾雉栖息地进行了适宜性评价。结果表明:在官山自然保护区适宜白颈长尾雉繁殖的栖息地斑块有502个,总面积为3307 hm²,占保护区总面积的28.6%,分离度指数和片断化程度指数分别为0.365和0.912;适宜白颈长尾雉越冬的栖息地斑块有514个,总面积2755 hm²,占保护区总面积的23.8%,分离度指数和片断化程度指数分别为0.443和0.939。官山保护区白颈长尾雉栖息地片断化较严重,片断化现象在白颈长尾雉越冬期加剧。因此,迫切需要采取措施白颈长尾雉现存栖息地进行保护,特别是要高度重视其越冬栖息地的保护。     

Home range and habitat use of male Reeves's Pheasant(Symaticus reevesii)during winter in Dongzhai National Nature Reserve,Henan Province,China

Home range and habitat use of male Reeves's Pheasant(syrmaticus reevesii)were studied during winter of 2001～2002 and 2002～2003 in the Dongzhai National Nature Reserve,Henan Province.Results from five individuals of Reeves's Pheasant with over 30 relocations,indicated that the average size of home range was 10.03±1.17 hm2 by Minimum Convex Polygon method.8.60±0.35 hm2 by 90% Harmonic Mean Transformation method,and 9.50±1.90 hm2 by 95% Fixed Kernel method.It was observed that the winter range is smaller than that in the breeding season.The mean core area of the home range was found to be 1.88±0.37 hm2.Although the habitat composition of the core area varied greatly for individuals,a large part of the habitats used were composed of conifer and broadleaf mixed forests,masson pine forests,fir forests,and shrubs.Habitat use within the study area was non-random,while habitats within home ranges were randomly used.Habitat use was dictated by tree diameter at breast height,shrub height and coverage at 2.0 m.The proximity between forests and shrubs were also found to be important in providing refuge for the birds during winter.Recommendations for conservation management include protecting the existing habitats in Dongzhai National Nature Reserve,increasing suitable habitat for Reeves's Pheasant through artificial plantations(e.g.firs),and restoring some parts of the large shrub area into forests.     

官山白颈长尾雉活动区域海拔高度的季节变化及其影响因素

2005年7月至2006年12月,采用无线电遥测的方法在江西官山国家级自然保护区内对5只白颈长尾雉（Syrmaticus ellioti）的活动区域进行了跟踪监测,结合GIS技术和样方法分析其活动区域的海拔高度随季节变化的影响因素。结果表明：海拔400-600m为白颈长尾雉全年最适活动带,其主要活动区域的海拔高度呈现明显的季节变化：夏秋季最高,春季次之,冬季最低。水源是其冬季喜欢在低海拔区域活动的最主要原因;而距林缘距离、灌木数量、灌木种数、灌木盖度等与增加食物丰富度和隐蔽度相关的因子是促使它们在春季和夏秋季倾向于在高海拔区域活动的主要因素。     

山西芦芽山褐马鸡越冬栖息地选择的多尺度研究

1998～2000年在山西芦芽山自然保护区对褐马鸡的越冬栖息地选择进行了研究。采用4种空间尺度(10m、100m、300m和距离尺度),对影响褐马鸡越冬栖息地选择的主要因子进行了深入分析,并建立了褐马鸡越冬栖息地选择的逻辑斯谛回归模型。在300m尺度上．活动点和非活动点的生境类型有针叶林、针阔混交林、灌木林和草丛等。活动点周围针叶林面积显著高于非活动点(F=-3．116,P=0．002),虽然针阔混交林在两者中的面积比例都较小,但活动点周围针阔混交林的面积明显地低于非活动点(F=-2．255,P=0．024)．在灌木林和草丛的面积上两者无显著差异。这表明褐马鸡在300m尺度上喜欢活动于针叶林较多的地域,由于冬季针阔混交林不如针叶林能提供很好的隐蔽条件,褐马鸡避免选择针阔混交林;在100m尺度上,活动点和非活动点的生境类型有针叶林、针阔混交林和草丛,无灌木林生境,活动点的针叶林面积明显地高于非活动点(F=-2．931,P=0．003)。这表明褐马鸡在100m尺度上虽然倾向于选择针叶林,但对其它类型的生境如针阔混交林和草丛是可以利用的,这可能与其广泛取食活动有关。褐马鸡大尺度上的隐蔽条件满足以后,在小尺度上主要是为了获取更为丰富的食物。在距离尺度上活动点距居民点的距离、距道路的距离显著大于非活动点(F=15．621;6．048,P=0．000;0．018)。通过逐步逻辑斯谛回归分析,发现距灌草丛的距离、距居民点的距离、100m范围内针叶林的面积、树高以及食物的丰盛度是冬季褐马鸡栖息地选择的重要因子。以另外一个研究地收集的数据对所建立的栖息地选择模型的可靠程度进行了检验,结果表明该模型能有效地对褐马鸡的越冬栖息地进行预测。     

青海荒漠猫的一些生物学资料

本文对荒漠猫(Felis bieti)的形态、野外栖息环境、洞穴和捕食活动、食性等作了实地调查,同时结合西宁人民公园人工饲养荒漠猫的行为观察,综合整理的生物学初步观察资料。     

Identifying key habitats for the conservation of Bonelli's Eagle Aquila fasciata using radiotracking

Identifying the priority habitats of endangered species is crucial to implementing effective conservation actions. We characterize the key habitats used by Bonelli's Eagle Aquila fasciata, an umbrella and flagship species that is endangered in Mediterranean countries. We radiotracked 17 breeding individuals (10 males and seven females) in Catalonia (NE Iberian Peninsula) and used compositional analysis to determine the key habitats in home‐ranges of both sexes. The main habitats identified within the home‐range area were scrubland, coniferous forests, cropland, sclerophyllous forests, rock outcrops and urban areas, with little difference in habitat use between the sexes. Bonelli's Eagles preferred rocky habitats as breeding areas and scrubland as foraging areas, as these hold the highest abundance of their main prey, Rabbits Oryctolagus cuniculus and Red‐legged Partridges Alectoris rufa. Habitat selection varied seasonally in foraging areas: scrubland was the most preferred habitat type during the breeding season, whereas rocky areas were preferred during the non‐breeding season (although scrubland was also highly selected). Urban areas were avoided both as breeding and as foraging areas. Home‐range size was inversely correlated with the proportion of scrubland, suggesting that this is a key habitat for Bonelli's Eagle. To conserve this species effectively, policies that ensure the preservation of the cliffs used as breeding sites, as well as suitable management of the scrubland used for foraging, should be implemented in the areas inhabited by this species. The promotion of traditional land uses and management techniques that will enhance open areas in Mediterranean landscapes should in the future play an essential role in the conservation of Bonelli's Eagle in Mediterranean habitats.     

Seasonal use by birds of stream-side riparian habitat in coniferous forest of northcentral British Columbia

To determine use of riparian habitats by birds in the northern coniferous forest of British Columbia, we censused birds and vegetation along 500 m transects placed parallel and perpendicular to three second-order streams. Censuses were conducted during spring, summer, autumn, and winter to investigate how use of riparian habitat changed seasonally. Stream-side riparian zones were characterized by a dense understorey of deciduous vegetation not found in the upslope forest. Nine bird species preferred the riparian understorey for breeding, six preferred it only during migration. Neotropical migrants (16 of 46 species) were more closely associated with stream-sides than year-round residents (11 species). Some breeding birds (five species) were significantly negatively associated with riparian habitats. The density of riparian birds declined with distance upstream but did not decline up to 250 m away from the stream. The more extensive riparian areas downstream supported a greater density of birds in all seasons compared to upstream areas, but more species only in spring and autumn. Species that nested in non-riparian areas in summer used riparian habitat in autumn, making riparian corridors in the northern coniferous forest important during migration. Maintaining both riparian and upslope habitats is necessary to preserve species diversity al the landscape level.     

煤山雀繁殖与食性的研究

煤山雀(Parus ater ater)是一种很有益而居留性又较弱的鸟,在分布区范围内,每年从9、10月到翌年3月间,进行有规律的迁移游荡,这时期它确实有真正迁徙的特点(,1913)。关于它的繁殖生态及食性,国外曾有过一些研究(,1952;,1954;,1954及,1961等)国内则尚未见报道。笔者于1963—1965年;1979年6—9月;1980年5—7月及12月;1981年1月和5—7月,主要在长白山北坡,对其做了考察,结果整理如下。