性疟原虫DNA疫苗免疫效果的评估

以霍乱毒素Ｂ亚基（ＣＴＢ）为载体,由其基因构建了含有不同时期不同抗原表位的恶性疟原虫的融合基因ＣＴＢ～ＡＷＴＥ、ＣＴＢ～ＮＡＮＰ,前者除含有恶性疟原虫裂殖子表面主要抗原表位杂合多肽基因ＳＰｆ６６外,还含有很强的Ｔ辅助细胞表位ＣＳＴ３和Ｔｃ细胞表位,后者含有子孢子期的Ｂ、Ｔｈ细胞表位。将纯化的质粒免疫Ｂａｌｂ／ｃ纯系小鼠,３次免疫后诱导机体产生了体液免疫和细胞免疫,免疫的小鼠进行疟原虫子孢子攻击实验,保护率为６０％一８０％。将纯化的质粒混合后免疫恒河猴,３次免疫后诱导机体产生了体液免疫和细胞免疫,免疫的恒河猴进行食蟹疟原虫攻击实验,显示了一定的保护作用。     

恶性疟原虫DNA疫苗免疫效果的评估

以霍乱毒素Ｂ亚基（ＣＴＢ）为载体,由其基因构建了含有不同时期不同抗原表位的恶性疟原虫的融合基因ＣＴＢ～ＡＷＴＥ、ＣＴＢ～ＮＡＮＰ,前者除含有恶性疟原虫裂殖子表面主要抗原表位杂合多肽基因ＳＰｆ６６外,还含有很强的Ｔ辅助细胞表位ＣＳＴ３和Ｔｃ细胞表位,后者含有子孢子期的Ｂ、Ｔｈ细胞表位。将纯化的质粒免疫Ｂａｌｂ．ｃ纯系小鼠,３次免疫后诱导机体产生了体液免疫和细胞免疫,免疫的小鼠进行疟原虫子孢子攻击实验     

戴氏虫草菌丝体水提物对放射损伤小鼠体液免疫的作用

为了研究戴氏虫草菌丝体水提物对γ射线辐射损伤小鼠的脾细胞产生抗羊红细胞抗体、血清溶血素水平、淋巴细胞增殖等的影响,以＾６０Ｃｏ γ射线放射损伤小鼠为动物模型,采用脾细胞ＳＲＢＣ溶血反应（ＱＨＳ）比色法测定脾细胞产生抗羊红细胞抗体,溶血素测定（ＨＣ５０）比色法测定血清溶血素水平,ＭＴＴ比色法测定淋巴细胞增殖。结果表明在一定剂量条件下,戴氏虫草菌丝体水提物可以恢复γ射线辐射损伤小鼠脾细胞产生抗ＳＲＢＣ抗体的能力和血清溶血素的水平,同时也能够恢复脾Ｂ淋巴细胞的增殖能力和脾淋巴细胞数目。因此我们初步认为戴氏虫草菌丝体水提物对放射损伤小鼠体液免疫具有保护作用。     

Epstein-Barr病毒膜抗原基因免疫的研究

将Ｅｐｓｔｅｉｎ－Ｂａｒ病毒（ＥＢＶ）膜抗原（ＭＡ）ＢＬＬＦ１基因,插入含有ＣＭＶ启动子的真核表达载体ｐｃＤＮＡ３下游ＢａｍＨＩ位点,构建成真核表达质粒ｐｃＤＮＡ３－ＭＡ。将纯化的ＤＮＡ注射Ｂａｌｂ／ｃ小鼠股四头肌。经免疫的动物产生抗ＥＢ病毒ＭＡ特异性的抗体和中和抗体,依赖抗体细胞介导的细胞毒作用（ＡＤＣＣ）,特异性Ｔ淋巴细胞增生性反应及细胞毒性Ｔ淋巴细胞（ＣＴＬ）杀伤作用。基因免疫与基因－蛋白联合免疫效果相似。不同启动子控制下的ＭＡ基因,诱发小鼠免疫应答无明显差异。     

不同蛋白载体的痢疾多糖结合疫苗小鼠免疫原性对比试验

试验中以小鼠为动物模型,对不同蛋白载体的痢疾多糖结合疫苗进行免疫效果观察。3种福氏2a痢疾结合疫苗和3种宋内氏痢疾结合疫苗分别皮下免疫NIH小鼠,同时设置O-SP(O-特异性多糖)对照组,免疫3针,在不同免疫针次间采血,用ELISA测定抗体滴度。单独使用福氏2aO-SP和宋内氏O-SP免疫后,小鼠血清中几乎没有抗LPS IgG抗体产生,而用结合疫苗免疫后,小鼠血清中产生了抗LPS IgG抗体,且第二次、第三次免疫后,小鼠血清中抗LPS IgG抗体水平有显著升高,表明结合疫苗具有加强免疫应答效应。三种不同的痢疾结合疫苗相比较,F2a-O-SP-rEPA结合疫苗较F2a-O-SP-TT结合疫苗和F2a-0-SP—DT结合疫苗的小鼠抗LPS IgG抗体水平高,S-O-SP-rEPA结合疫苗较S-O-SP-TT结合疫苗和S-O-SP—CRM9,结合疫苗的小鼠抗LPS IgG抗体水平高。以rEPA作为载体的痢疾结合疫苗比DT,TT作为载体的痢疾结合疫苗的免疫原性要强。     

Epstein—Barr病毒膜抗原基因免疫的研究

将Ｅｐｓｔｅｉｎ－Ｂａｒｒ病毒（ＥＢＶ）膜抗原（ＭＡ）ＢＬＬＦ１基因,插入含有ＣＭＶ启动子的真核表达载体ｐｃＤＮＡ３下游ＢａｍＨＩ位点,构建成真核表达质粒ｐｃＤＮＡ３－ＭＡ。将纯化的ＤＮＡ注射Ｂａｌｂ／ｃ小鼠股四头肌。经免疫的动物产生抗ＥＢ病毒ＭＡ特异性的抗体和中和抗体,依赖抗体细胞介导的细胞毒作用（ＡＤＣＣ）,特异性Ｔ淋巴细胞增生性反应及细胞毒性Ｔ淋巴细胞（ＣＴＬ）杀伤作用。基因免疫与基因－蛋白     

汉滩病毒S基因免疫小鼠的细胞免疫应答的初步观察

将汉滩病毒Ｓ片段编码区基因插入到含ＣＭＶ启动了／增强子（ｐｒｏｍｏｔｅｒ／ｅｎｈａｎｃｅｒ）的真核表达载体ｐＶＲ１０１２中,构建成真核表达质粒ｐＶＲＳ２２。质粒ＤＮＡ经纯化后,注射经布比卡因预处理的Ｂａｌｂ／ｃ小鼠的股四头肌,多次免疫后,免疫小鼠淋巴细胞增殖功能的检测结果显示：免疫鼠的脾细胞能够对体处抗原刺激产生增殖反应;ＣＴＬ活性检测结果表明：靶细胞＾５１Ｃｒ的释放是疚细胞依赖性的,并且与病毒感     

重组BCG口服免疫诱导的细胞和体液免疫应答

重组ＢＣＧ口服免疫诱导的细胞和体液免疫应答最近研究证明,外源基因能在牛分枝杆菌ＢＣＧ中表达,用这些重组分枝杆菌免疫小鼠可诱导抗外来蛋白的细胞和抗体免疫应答。近年来的许多研究也证实了肠道和呼吸道粘膜淋巴系统在防御感染方面的贡献,因此,迫切需要能够刺激粘...     

志贺氏I型痢疾杆菌O-特异性多糖与破伤风类毒素结合疫苗的制备及其在小鼠体内的免疫原性

从志贺氏I型痢疾杆菌LPS中分离纯化出O SP半抗原 ,以ADH为连接剂将其与TT结合形成O SP TT结合疫苗 ,并用此结合疫苗免疫NIH小鼠 ,结果显示单独使用O SP免疫后 ,小鼠血清中没有抗LPS抗体产生 ,而用O SP TT免疫后小鼠血清中产生了抗LPSIgG和IgM抗体 ,且IgG抗体水平高于IgM抗体 ;O SP TT免疫组第二次和第三次免疫后IgG抗体水平均有显著的升高 (P <0 0 1) ,但第二次和第三次免疫后血清IgM抗体虽有升高 ,但与前一次免疫相比均无显著差异 (P >0 0 5 ) ,表明O SP TT结合疫苗具有加强免疫应答效应。补体介导的体外杀菌活性试验结果证明 ,O SP TT免疫血清在 1∶16 0倍稀释后仍对志贺氏I型痢疾杆菌具有特异性杀菌活性。     

Epstein—Barr病毒潜伏膜蛋白（LMP）基因免疫的初步研究

利用基因免疫技术,将重组质粒ＰＢＳ－ＬＭＰ－Ｈｙｇ直接注入ＢＡＬＢ／Ｃ小鼠骨骼肌中,于第２、４、８周,用间接免疫荧光法检测鼠血清中抗ＥＢ病毒潜伏膜蛋白（ＬＭＰ）特异抗体,结果表明,所有免疫小鼠（５／５）均产生特异体体,且抗体滴度随时间变化逐渐增高。     

齿孔酸对高尿酸血症黄嘌呤氧化酶活性的影响

采用紫外分光光度法检测齿孔酸在体外对黄嘌呤氧化酶的作用,并进行动力学研究探讨其作用机制;采用酵母联合氧嗪酸钾诱导高尿酸血症小鼠模型,观察齿孔酸对高尿酸血症小鼠血清尿酸水平、血清黄嘌呤氧化酶活性、肝脏黄嘌呤氧化酶活性及血糖血脂的影响。研究发现,齿孔酸体在外能抑制黄嘌呤氧化酶活性,降低高尿酸血症小鼠血清尿酸水平、血清黄嘌呤氧化酶活性、肝脏黄嘌呤氧化酶活性,同时明显降低空腹血糖、总胆固醇、甘油三酯、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇水平,升高高密度脂蛋白胆固醇水平,提高口服糖耐受量。结果表明,齿孔酸是黄嘌呤氧化酶竞争性抑制剂,还能缓解高尿酸血症小鼠糖脂代谢紊乱,对高尿酸血症及痛风的防治具有潜在意义。     

齿孔酸对高尿酸血症黄嘌呤氧化酶活性的影响

采用紫外分光光度法检测齿孔酸在体外对黄嘌呤氧化酶的作用,并进行动力学研究探讨其作用机制;采用酵母联合氧嗪酸钾诱导高尿酸血症小鼠模型,观察齿孔酸对高尿酸血症小鼠血清尿酸水平、血清黄嘌呤氧化酶活性、肝脏黄嘌呤氧化酶活性及血糖血脂的影响。研究发现,齿孔酸体在外能抑制黄嘌呤氧化酶活性,降低高尿酸血症小鼠血清尿酸水平、血清黄嘌呤氧化酶活性、肝脏黄嘌呤氧化酶活性,同时明显降低空腹血糖、总胆固醇、甘油三酯、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇水平,升高高密度脂蛋白胆固醇水平,提高口服糖耐受量。结果表明,齿孔酸是黄嘌呤氧化酶竞争性抑制剂,还能缓解高尿酸血症小鼠糖脂代谢紊乱,对高尿酸血症及痛风的防治具有潜在意义。     

Trichinella spiralis: inhibition of sheep hemagglutinins in mice

One hundred and twenty-four mice were injected intraperitoneally with sheep red blood cells. The mice had been previously either orally inoculated with T. spiralis (16 mice), or injected intraperitoneally during 7 consecutive days with normal saline (12 mice), normal mouse serum (6 mice), or infected mouse serum (6 mice), normal rabbit serum (6 mice), sera from lightly (36 mice) or heavily infected rabbits (36 mice), and rabbit anti-lymphocyte serum (6 mice). The homologous serum clearly demonstrated an immunosuppressive effect on the production of sheep hemagglutinins; however, it was impossible to conclude that heterologous serum has such an activity since the normal rabbit serum used as control demonstrated the same activity. The inhibition of hemagglutinin production has also been observed in mice infected with T. spiralis. The presence of a suppressive agent released by the parasite or antigenic competition is discussed as the possible mediator of immunological unresponsiveness.     

The mode of passive protection against Hymenolepis nana induced by serum transfer

A protective immunity against the cestode Hymenolepis nana was transferred with serum taken from actively immunized mice. All of 17 pooled sera examined, which were taken from mice immunized for 3 or more weeks, were strongly effective. Intraperitoneal injection of a total of 3·0 ml serum made the recipient mice (4–5 weeks old) almost completely immune. In almost all the mice given immune serum no cysticercoids were found on day 4. In mice receiving immune serum, oncospheres hatched, invaded the intestinal villi and differentiated to stage II or III larvae, but failed to develop to fully developed cysticercoids. The degree of protection conferred by serum transfer was similar to, but slightly weaker than that stimulated by active immunization. The major effect of immune serum was damaging hatched oncospheres in both the intestinal lumen and the villi within 1 day post infection.     

Mouse serum inhibition of cytotoxicity of goat antibodies against mouse thymocytes]

It is shown that the serum of Balb/c, C57Bl/6 and F1(C57Bl/6 x CBA) mice inhibits cytotoxicity of goat antithymocyte antibodies. The addition of the serum into the incubation medium increases the proportion of alive cells from -5% up to 95%. Cytotoxicity was also inhibited by the globulin fraction of the mice serum. It is suggested that normal mice serum contains factors which block cytotoxicity of antibodies against antigen host determinants.     

高脂食物对动脉硬化合并类风湿关节炎 小鼠肠道菌群的影响

目的分析高脂食物对动脉硬化合并类风湿关节炎小鼠肠道微生物的影响,了解动脉硬化合并类风湿关节炎小鼠肠道微生物的变化。方法 8周龄ApoE~(-/-)小鼠饲喂高脂食物和普通食物至17周龄来诱发动脉硬化症状,再通过给17周龄ApoE~(-/-)小鼠腹腔注射抗6-磷酸葡萄糖异构酶(glucose-6-phosphate isomerase,GPI)抗体呈阳性的K/BxN血清,从而诱导其产生类风湿关节炎症状。通过Illumina HiSeq平台对各组小鼠粪便进行16S rDNA V4区测序,分析动脉硬化合并类风湿关节炎小鼠肠道微生物的变化。结果 ApoE~(-/-)小鼠饲喂高脂食物后,其血清低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(LDL-C)浓度和血清总胆固醇(TC)浓度均显著升高,主动脉内膜斑块面积比喂普通食物的ApoE~(-/-)小鼠显著增加,表明ApoE~(-/-)小鼠饲喂高脂食物后引起更显著的动脉硬化症状。再通过腹腔注射抗GPI抗体呈阳性的K/BxN血清,各组ApoE~(-/-)小鼠均出现关节肿胀,饲喂高脂食物的ApoE~(-/-)小鼠其踝关节宽度和临床评分(clinical score)低于饲喂普通食物组小鼠。OTU数、Shannon指数和Simpson指数显示高脂食物和K/BxN血清处理组ApoE~(-/-)小鼠肠道菌群多样性降低,Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes值升高,t-test分析显示在属水平上,Prevotellaceae_UCG-001显著降低,Ruminiclostridium_6显著升高。t-test分析和Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes比值显示ApoE~(-/-)小鼠肠道菌群结构紊乱。结论高脂食物使ApoE~(-/-)小鼠的肠道菌群组成和结构发生改变,导致ApoE~(-/-)小鼠的动脉硬化症状加重,类风湿关节炎症状减轻。提示肠道微生物组成和结构的改变,可能与动脉硬化合并类风湿关节炎发病机制相关。     

饮酒小鼠动物模型建立及其对雌性激素的影响

目的建立模拟人类饮酒的小鼠动物模型,并以此动物模型进一步研究酒精对小鼠雌激素水平及乳腺癌的影响。方法 SPF级C57BL/6雌性小鼠,随机分对照组和酒精组两组,酒精组20:00到次日8:00给予含有一定浓度酒精的饮用水,其他时间给予常规饮用水,对照组全天给予常规饮用水。观察两组小鼠的饮水量及体重变化;用ANALOX AM1酒精分析仪检测小鼠凌晨2∶00和8∶00血液的酒精浓度(BEC);酶联免疫法(ELASA)检测两组小鼠血清中雌激素水平的差异。结果饮酒组小鼠血液BEC明显增高,类似人类饮酒水平,饮酒组小鼠的饮水量及体重无明显变化;饮酒组小鼠体内雌激素的水平明显高于对照组。结论成功的建立模拟人类饮酒的动物模型,并通过此动物模型初步证实酒精刺激可以增加小鼠体内血清雌激素的水平。     

鼠伤寒杆菌外膜蛋白作为保护性疫苗的初步实验研究

本文采用超声波破碎和Triton X-100处理、超速离心的方法,提取了鼠伤寒杆菌的外膜蛋白(OMP)。用提取的OMP免疫家兔和小鼠,经用ELISA方法测定小鼠、家兔及鼠伤寒意染患者血清中抗-OMP抗体含量,并用小鼠作足垫肿胀实验及主动和血清被动保护试验。结果免疫动物及患者血清中都含有较高滴度抗体,免疫小鼠足垫出现明显地DTH反应。50ug OMP免疫小鼠可保护500 LD50毒株的攻击,0.2ml免疫血清亦能够被动保护以上同样的毒株攻击。这些结果表明,提取的OMP有较强的免疫原性和明显的免疫保护作用,应用Western blot分析免疫血清均能识别36KD蛋白带,36KD蛋白带可能是鼠伤寒杆菌的主要免疫原。     

Differential immunoregulation of granulomatous inflammation, portal hypertension, and hepatic fibrosis in murine schistosomiasis mansoni

The present study investigates the immunoregulation of hepatic fibrosis in experimental murine schistosomiasis. Disease parameters measured were portal pressure, hepatic granuloma area, hepatic interstitial collagen, and glycosaminoglycans. C57BL/6 mice were infected with 25 Schistosoma mansoni cercariae and administered splenocytes or serum derived from uninfected mice or chronically infect syngeneic mice at 6 and 7 wk of infection. Immunologically mediated modulation was noted in animals receiving splenocytes derived from chronically infected mice. Both a reduction in portal pressure and hepatic granuloma areas were noted. Hepatic collagen content but not glycosaminoglycan content was reduced by the administration of either lymphoid cells or serum from chronically infected mice. The isotypic profile of hepatic interstitial collagens was modulated by both the administration of serum or lymphoid cells. Augmented levels of type III collagen was noted on administration of serum derived from chronically infected mice, whereas type I collagen levels were relatively elevated on administration of splenocytes. The data indicate that immunomodulation of inflammation and hepatic fibrosis can occur in murine schistosomiasis but that fibrotic events and inflammatory processes are independently modulated.     

Studies on the induction of tolerance to alloantigens. III. Induction of antibodies directed against alloantigen-specific delayed-type hypersensitivity T cells by a single injection of allogeneic lymphocytes via portal venous route

BALB/c mice were inoculated with normal C3H/He spleen cells via the portal venous (p.v.) route. Intravenous injection of serum from these BALB/c mice into naive syngeneic mice resulted in almost complete abrogation of their ability to generate anti-C3H/He delayed-type hypersensitivity (DTH) responses as induced by s.c. immunization with C3H/He cells. Since a portion of the same serum did not inhibit the development of anti-C57BL/6 DTH responses, the suppressive effect of the transferred serum was alloantigen-specific. Such serum factor(s) was produced in normal but not in nude mice and the suppressive activity was transferred in H-2- or immunoglobulin allotype-incompatible combinations. Immunochemical analyses of this serum suppressive factor have revealed that its m.w. was approximately 150,000, corresponding to the size of immunoglobulin (Ig)G, and that the activity was trapped by protein A or by an anti-immunoglobulin column. Although the absorption of the serum from anti-C3H/He-tolerant BALB/c mice with C3H/He target spleen cells did not abrogate the suppressive activity, the additional absorption with spleen cells from anti-C3H/He hyperimmune BALB/c mice almost completely eliminated the suppressive potential. Moreover, pretreatment of BALB/c anti-C3H/He DTH effector spleen cells with the above serum from tolerant mice induced the inhibition of anti-C3H/He DTH responses. Taken together, these results indicate that a single injection of allogeneic cells via the p.v. route results in the production of antibody capable of inhibiting the capacity of DTH effector cells specific for alloantigens used for the p.v. presensitization.