术中静脉不向剂量右美托咪啶对全髋置换术患者术后患者芬太尼静脉自控镇痛效果的影响

目的：观察气管内全身麻醉下行全髋置换术患者,术中静脉应用不同剂量右美托咪定对术后芬太尼静脉自控镇痛效果的影响及相关不良反应发生的情况。方法：选择择期在气管内全麻下行全髋置换术的患者60 例,ASA Ⅰ ～Ⅱ级,年龄47～78 岁,体重42～79 kg。患者随机分组法分为3 组（n=20）：C 组（盐水对照组）、D1 组（右美托咪定0.5 μg/kg 组）和D2 组（右美托咪定1 μg/kg组）,在手术结束前约1 小时按分组分别给予生理盐水和右美托咪啶,术后镇痛使用芬太尼静脉自控镇痛24 h。记录患者术后2h、2～6 h、6～12 h、12～24 h芬太尼的用量;VAS 评分法评估患者术前、术后2 h、6 h、12 h、24 h 时的疼痛程度;记录镇痛期间恶心呕吐、皮肤瘙痒及过度镇静等不良反应发生的情况。结果：术后2h 和术后2～6 h芬太尼用量D1组和D2 组较C 组减少（P＜0.05）,但D1组和D2 组之间比较无差异（P＞0.05）;而术后6～12 和12～24 h三组患者芬太尼用量无差异（P＞0.05）。术后2 h、2～6 hVAS评分D1 组和D2 组较C组减少（P＜0.05）,而D1组和D2 组之间比较无差异（P＞0.05）;术后6～12、12～24 h三组患者VAS 评分无差异（P＞0.05）。与C 组比较,D1 组和D2 组镇痛期间恶心呕吐发生率降低（P＜0.05）,余不良反应各组之间比较无差异（P＞0.05）。结论：气管内全身麻醉下行全髋置换术的患者,术中静脉应用右美托咪啶可在术后6 h内增强芬太尼镇痛的效果减少芬太尼的用量,但增大剂量效果并不增加而作用时间也不延长。     

右美托咪啶对直肠癌患者术后胃肠功能恢复的影响

目的:观察围术期输注右美托咪啶对直肠癌患者术后镇痛及胃肠功能恢复的影响。方法:60例择期行直肠癌根治术的患者随机分为三组:空白对照组(Ctr组)不输注右美托咪啶;右美托咪啶组的患者入室后给予面罩吸氧并且泵注盐酸右美托咪啶,剂量为1μg/kg,10 min输注完毕后开始麻醉诱导,大剂量组(LD组)患者麻醉维持期间持续泵注右美托咪啶0.7μg/kg/h;小剂量组(MD组)泵注方法同LD组,术中持续泵注剂量为0.1μg/kg/h。手术结束后记录患者离开恢复室时(V1)、术后6 h(V2)、12 h(V3)、和24 h(V4)四个时间点的术后镇痛评分和胃肠功能恢复时间包括肠鸣音出现时间、排气时间、排便时间。结果:与其余两组比较,大剂量组患者各时间点的术后镇痛评分低于小剂量组和空白组,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。小剂量组患者V1时疼痛评分较空白组减少(P0.05),其余时间点术后疼痛评分两组比较无统计学差异(P0.05)。大剂量组患者术后肠鸣音恢复时间较其余两组增加(P0.05),排气、排便时间与其余两组比较无统计学差异(P0.05)。小剂量组与空白组比较两组术后肠鸣音出现时间、排气时间和排便时间无统计学差异(P0.05)。结论:围术期大剂量输注盐酸右美托咪啶可以改善患者术后疼痛,且不会抑制术后胃肠功能的恢复。     

右美托咪啶复合芬太尼及七氟烷用于脑肿瘤手术的麻醉效果及对血流动力学的影响

目的:探讨右美托咪啶复合芬太尼及七氟烷用于脑肿瘤手术的麻醉效果及对血流动力学的影响。方法:择期全麻下行脑肿瘤切除术患者40例,随机分为右美托咪啶组(D组)和丙泊酚组(P组)各20例。麻醉诱导前D组静脉输注右美托咪啶0.5μg/kg,P组给予同等容量的生理盐水,均15 min泵注完成。静脉注射咪唑安定、芬太尼、顺式阿曲库铵、依托咪酯行麻醉诱导。术中均用芬太尼、七氟烷、顺式阿曲库铵维持麻醉,D组持续静脉输注右美托咪啶0.2~1.0μg·kg-1·h-1,P组给予丙泊酚3~10 mg·kg-1·h-1,调整右美托咪啶及丙泊酚用量,使BIS值维持于40~50。于麻醉用药前(基础值)(T0)、麻醉诱导气管插管前(T1)、气管插管后(T2)、切开硬脑膜(T3)、取瘤(T4)、术毕(T5)、拔气管导管时(T6)记录心率(HR)、血压(SBP、DBP)。记录手术时间、输液量、出血量、苏醒时间、拔管时间及拔管后10 min警觉/镇静(OAA/S)评分。结果:与T0比较,D组T1、T3、T4时SBP、DBP明显降低(P0.05),HR明显减慢(P0.05),但仍接近正常值,P组T1时SBP、DBP明显降低(P0.05),HR明显减慢(P0.05),T2、T5、T6时SBP、DBP明显升高(P0.05),HR明显加快(P0.05)。与P组比较,T2~T6时D组SBP、DBP明显低于P组(P0.05),HR明显慢于P组(P0.05)。D组苏醒时间、拔管时间明显短于P组(P0.05),拔管后10min OAA/S评分显著高于P组(P0.05)。结论:右美托咪啶或丙泊酚复合芬太尼、七氟烷麻醉用于脑肿瘤手术均能够提供满意的麻醉效果,右美托咪啶能抑制气管插管、拔管等引起的血流动力学反应,术后苏醒快且苏醒质量高。     

右美托咪定联合舒芬太尼用于脊柱手术患者术后镇痛的疗效评价

目的:探讨右美托咪定联合舒芬太尼对脊柱手术患者术后镇痛效果的影响。方法:选择2013年1月至2016年8月在我院行脊柱手术的患者70例,随机分为两组,每组35例。对照组患者术后静脉注入舒芬太尼3μg/kg·h镇痛,观察组患者静脉注入右美托咪定1.5μg/kg·h联合1.5μg/kg·h舒芬太尼。分别记录患者术后6 h,12 h,24 h以及48 h的VAS评分、Ramsay评分、MAP、HR以及SpO_2等生命指征;记录患者术后苏醒期10 min,20 min,30 min以及60 min的RSAS躁动评分;同时记录患者术后48 h不良反应发生的情况。结果:监护仪监护两组患者围手术期的相关生命指征,统计分析结果显示两组患者术后HR,MAP以及SpO_2等指征没有明显的差异(P0.05);比较两组患者结束手术苏醒期的躁动情况,RSAS躁动评分显示实验组患者术后30 min之后较对照组相对安静,没有较明显的躁动行为(P0.05);实验组患者术后的VAS疼痛评分明显低于对照组(P0.05);比较两组患者的Ramsay评分发现实验组患者术后镇静程度显著优于对照组(P0.05);两组患者术后0-24 h使用镇痛泵的有效按压次数存在差异(P0.05);实验组患者术后48 h发生恶心呕吐和寒颤的不良反应发生率明显低于对照组(P0.05)。结论:右美托咪定联合舒芬太尼用于脊柱手术术后镇痛可以显著改善患者镇静状态,降低患者术后发生不良反应的发生率,值得临床上进一步推广应用。     

右美托咪定联合地佐辛用于结肠癌术后镇痛的临床效果观察

目的:探讨右美托咪定和地佐辛用于结肠癌术后患者静脉自控镇痛(Patient-controlled intravenous analgesia,PCIA)的临床效果与安全性。方法:选择ASA I-II级行结肠癌根治术的82例患者并将其随机分为两组:观察组为右美托咪定联合地佐辛组,对照组为舒芬太尼组,每组41例。所有患者均行全麻手术,术后予PCIA。观察组将右美托咪定5μg/kg、地佐辛1 mg/kg、帕洛诺司琼0.75 mg和0.9%氯化钠共配制成100 mL,对照组将舒芬太尼3μg/kg、帕洛诺司琼0.75 mg和0.9%氯化钠共配制成100 mL。两组患者镇痛泵参数相同,监测术后2、6、12、24、48 h的VAS镇痛评分和Ramsay镇静评分,同时记录主要不良反应的发生情况。结果:观察组术后24 h内各时间点的VAS评分均明显低于对照组(P0.05),两组48 h的VAS评分比较差异无统计学意义。观察组患者术后12 h内的Ramsay镇静评分均明显低于对照组(P0.001),两组24 h和48 h的Ramsay评分比较无统计学差异。观察组恶心呕吐的不良反应发生率较对照组明显降低(P0.05),两组嗜睡、头晕、心动过缓发生率比较无统计学差异。结论:右美托咪定联合地佐辛用于结肠癌术后PCIA的镇痛效果明显优于舒芬太尼,且安全性更高。     

右美托咪定复合曲马多超前镇痛对骨关节置换术患者镇痛效果、血流动力学及认知功能的影响

目的:探讨右美托咪定复合曲马多超前镇痛对骨关节置换术患者镇痛效果、血流动力学及认知功能的影响。方法:选取2015年2月~2018年12月期间武警陕西省总队医院收治的行骨关节置换术患者121例,根据数表法将患者随机分为对照组(n=60)和研究组(n=61),其中对照组给予曲马多超前镇痛,研究组在对照组的基础上联合右美托咪定,比较两组患者镇痛效果、血流动力学指标及认知功能,记录两组手术期间不良反应发生情况。结果:研究组术后4 h(T2)、术后8 h(T3)、术后12 h(T4)、术后24 h(T5)时间点视觉模拟评分(VAS)低于对照组(P<0.05)。研究组T2~T5时间点心率(HR)、平均动脉压(MAP)低于对照组,血氧饱和度(SPO2)则高于对照组(P<0.05)。研究组术后3 d、术后1周简易精神状态量表(MMSE)评分较对照组升高,中枢神经特异蛋白(S100β)水平则低于对照组(P<0.05)。两组不良反应总发生率比较无差异(P>0.05)。结论:骨关节置换术患者给予右美托咪定复合曲马多超前镇痛,镇痛效果确切,可有效维持血流动力学稳定,且对机体认知功能影响较轻,不增加不良反应发生率,临床应用价值较高。     

右美托咪定复合罗哌卡因对膝关节置换术后镇痛镇静效果、睡眠质量及应激反应的影响

目的:探讨右美托咪定复合罗哌卡因对膝关节置换术后的临床效果。方法:选取2015年2月～2018年12月期间在武警陕西省总队医院择期行膝关节置换术患者103例,根据随机数字表将患者分成对照组(n=51)和研究组(n=52),对照组股神经阻滞时给予罗哌卡因,研究组在对照组基础上联合右美托咪定。比较两组患者镇痛镇静效果、睡眠质量、应激反应以及不良反应。结果:研究组术后12 h、术后24 h、术后48 h视觉模拟评分(VAS)低于对照组(P0.05),Ramsay镇静评分则高于对照组(P0.05)。研究组术后24 h、术后48 h阿森斯失眠量表(AIS)评分均低于术前,且呈先降低后升高趋势(P0.05)。研究组术后24 h、术后48 h AIS评分低于对照组(P0.05)。两组患者手术开始即刻、术毕的去甲肾上腺素(NE)、肾上腺素(E)水平均上升,且呈先升高后降低趋势(P0.05);研究组手术开始即刻、术毕的NE、E水平低于对照组(P0.05)。两组不良反应发生率对比无统计学差异(P0.05)。结论:右美托咪定复合罗哌卡因方案应用于膝关节置换术,镇痛镇静效果确切,可减轻术中应激反应,有效改善睡眠质量,且不增加不良反应发生率,临床应用价值较高。     

右美托咪啶与咪达唑仑在重症破伤风患者镇静中效果比较

目的:比较右美托咪啶与咪达唑仑用于重症破伤风患者镇静中效果。方法:选取2012年1月~2015年12月间在我院治疗的重症破伤风患者72例,通过随机数表法分为右美托咪啶组与咪达唑仑组,各36例,给予右美托咪啶组静脉泵入右美托咪啶1μg/kg持续时间为10 min,之后以0.3~0.6μg/kg进行维持,咪达唑仑组静脉泵入咪达唑仑0.05 mg/kg,持续时间为1 min,之后以0.02~0.1/kg·h进行维持。监测两组患者用药前及用药12 h后平均动脉压(MAP)、呼吸频率(RR)、血氧饱和度(SpO_2)和心率(HR)深用Ramasy评分法评估镇静程度。结果:两组患者治疗后HR、RR、MAP水平明显降低而SpO_2明显上升且右美托咪啶组HR、RR、及SpO_2改善更显著差异均有统计学意义(P0.05);两组用药后4 h、8 h、12 h时Ramasy评分在组间、组内比较差异均无统计学意义(P0.05);右美托咪啶组不良反应发生率为5.56%,低于咪达唑仑组的16.67%,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论右美托咪啶有助于维持患者血流动力学的稳定减少重症破伤风患者心动过速、心率增快、呼吸抑制等不良反应情况的发生。     

右美托咪定联合丙泊酚用于老年患者无痛肠镜的临床观察

目的:探讨右美托咪定联合丙泊酚用于老年患者无痛纤维结肠镜检查术的麻醉效果及安全性。方法:选择ASA 1-II级择期行无痛肠镜检查术的86例患者随机分为两组,即右美托咪定联合丙泊酚(实验组)和丙泊酚和芬太尼组(对照组),每组各43例。实验组先于10 min内缓解静脉输入右美托咪定0.5μg/kg,对照组同样时间内静脉输入1μg/kg芬太尼。两组均静脉给予丙泊酚1.5 mg/kg,必要时追加丙泊酚。观察两组患者注药前(T0)、注药镜检前(T1)、过脾曲时(T2)、过肝曲时(T3)、退镜时(T4)的心率(HR)、收缩压(SBP)、血氧饱和度(Sp O2)的变化,镇痛效果(VAS评分)、丙泊酚用量、苏醒时间及麻醉后不良反应发生情况。结果:实验组丙泊酚用量和苏醒时间明显短于对照组(P0.05),但两组VAS评分无统计学差异。实验组在T1-T4时间的HR和SBP显著低于对照组(P0.05),实验组Sp O2在T2-T3时间显著高于对照组(P0.05)。观察组低血压、呼吸抑制、不良体动均显著低于对照组(P0.05)。两组嗜睡、头晕、恶心呕吐发生率无统计学差异。结论:右美托咪定联合丙泊酚用于老年患者无痛肠镜检查麻醉效果确切,相对丙泊酚联合芬太尼,可以减少丙泊酚用量,不良反应少,值得临床推广。     

右美托咪定对髋关节术后患者认知功能、血液动力学影响及临床疗效

目的:探讨右美托咪定对髋关节术后患者认知功能、血液动力学及镇痛效果。方法:选取我院近3年所收治的80例髋关节手术患者,按照不同麻醉方式,将其随机分为研究组和对照组,每组患者40例,研究组患者微量泵注右美托咪定,对照组患者泵注生理盐水,对比不同麻醉方式对患者术后认知功能、血液动力学及镇痛效果。结果:在麻醉诱导前及手术后3 d,两组患者简短精神状态量表(Mini-mental State Examination, MMSE)评分对比无统计学差异(P0.05),在手术后1 d、2 d,研究组患者MMSE评分明显高于对照组(P0.05),研究组患者术后认知障碍(Post operative cognitive dysfunction,POCD)发生率明显低于对照组(P0.05);两组患者麻醉诱导前各血流动力学指标舒张压(Diastolic blood pressure,DBP)、心率(Heart rate,HR)、收缩压(Systolic blood pressure,SBP)对比无显著性差异(P0.05),在气管插管时、拔管时、拔管后15 min,研究组患者HR、SBP、DBP均明显低于对照组(P0.05);研究组患者手术后1 h、2 h、6 h、12 h、24 h运动状态及静息状态视觉模拟评分法(Visual analog scales,VAS)疼痛评分明显低于对照组(P0.05)。结论:对髋关节置换术患者行右美托咪定,降低患者术后认知功能障碍发生率,维持患者血流动力学稳定性,镇痛效果良好,值得临床上广泛应用。     

A Unique Protease Cleavage Site Predicted in the Spike Protein of the Novel Pneumonia Coronavirus (2019-nCoV) Potentially Related to Viral Transmissibility

正Dear Editor,In December 2019, a novel human coronavirus caused an epidemic of severe pneumonia(Coronavirus Disease 2019,COVID-19) in Wuhan, Hubei, China(Wu et al. 2020; Zhu et al. 2020). So far, this virus has spread to all areas of China and even to other countries. The epidemic has caused 67,102 confirmed infections with 1526 fatal cases     

Curcuminoids as inhibitors of thioredoxin reductase: A receptor based pharmacophore study with distance mapping of the active site

Curcumin is the yellow pigment of turmeric that interacts irreversibly forming an adduct with thioredoxin reductase (TrxR), an enzyme responsible for redox control of cell and defence against oxidative stress. Docking at both the active sites of TrxR was performed to compare the potency of three naturally occurring curcuminoids, namely curcumin, demethoxy curcumin and bis-demethoxy curcumin. Results show that active sites of TrxR occur at the junction of E and F chains. Volume and area of both cavities is predicted. It has been concluded by distance mapping of the most active conformations that Se atom of catalytic residue SeCYS498, is at a distance of 3.56 from C13 of demethoxy curcumin at the E chain active site, whereas C13 carbon atom forms adduct with Se atom of SeCys 498. We report that at least one methoxy group in curcuminoids is necessary for interation with catalytic residues of thioredoxin. Pharmacophore of both active sites of the TrxR receptor for curcumin and demethoxy curcumin molecules has been drawn and proposed for design and synthesis of most probable potent antiproliferative synthetic drugs.     

Comparative morphology of the carpel in the Liliaceae: Hewardieae, Petrosavieae, and Tricyrteae

The young pistils in the melanthioid tribes, Hewardieae, Petrosavieae and Tricyrteae, are uniformly tricarpellate and syncarpous. They lack raphide idioblasts. All are multiovulate, with bitegmic ovules. The Petrosavieae are marked by the presence of septal glands and incomplete syncarpy. Tepals and stamens adhere to the ovary in the Hewardieae and the Petrosavieae but not in the Tricyrteae. Two vascular bundles occur in the stamens of the Hewartlieae and Tricyrtis latifolia. Ventral bundles in the upper part of the ovary of the Hewardieae are continuous with compound septal bundles and placental bundles in the lower part. Putative ventral bundles occur in the alternate position in the Tricyrteae and putative placental bundles in the opposite. position in the Petrosavieae. The dichtomously branched stigma in each carpel of the Tricyrteae is supplied by a bifurcated dorsal bundle.     

Enterovirus 71 3C proteolytically processes the histone H3 N-terminal tail during infection

Highlights
1. The N-terminal tail of histone H3 is specifically cleaved during EV71 infection.
2. Viral protease 3C is identified as a protease responsible for proteolytically processing the N-terminal H3 tail.
3. Our finding reveals a new epigenetic regulatory mechanism for Enterovirus 71 in virus-host interactions.     

Detection of EBV and HHV6 in the Brain Tissue of Patients with Rasmussen’s Encephalitis

Rasmussen’s encephalitis (RE) is a rare pediatric neurological disorder, and the exact etiology is not clear. Viral infection may be involved in the pathogenesis of RE, but conflicting results have reported. In this study, we evaluated the expression of both Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) and human herpes virus (HHV) 6 antigens in brain sections from 30 patients with RE and 16 control individuals by immunohistochemistry. In the RE group, EBV and HHV6 antigens were detected in 56.7% (17/30) and 50% (15/30) of individuals, respectively. In contrast, no detectable EBV and HHV6 antigen expression was found in brain tissues of the control group. The co-expression of EBV and HHV6 was detected in 20.0% (6/30) of individuals. In particular, a 4-year-old boy had a typical clinical course, including a medical history of viral encephalitis, intractable epilepsy, and hemispheric atrophy. The co-expression of EBV and HHV6 was detected in neurons and astrocytes in the brain tissue, accompanied by a high frequency of CD8⁺ T cells. Our results suggest that EBV and HHV6 infection and the activation of CD8⁺ T cells are involved in the pathogenesis of RE.     

Perinatal Vertical Transmission of Chikungunya Virus in Ruili,a Town on the Border between China and Myanmar

正Dear Editor,Chikungunya virus (CHIKV), an arbovirus in the family of Togaviridae, genus Alphavirus, is transmitted by the A.aegyptii or A. albopictus mosquito, and causes disease in humans characterized by fever, rash, and arthralgia (Silva and Dermody 2017; Suhrbier 2019). It was first reported in 1953 in Tanzania, and caused only a few outbreaks and sporadic cases in Africa and Asia in last century. However, in the epidemic in 2004, CHIKV acquired mutations that conferred enhanced transmission by the A. albopictus mosquito(Schuffenecker et al. 2006). Since then, it has successively caused outbreaks in Africa, the Indian Ocean, South East Asia, the South America, and Europe (Zeller et al. 2016).     

Development of a Novel Reverse Transcription Loop-Mediated Isothermal Amplification Method for Rapid Detection of SARS-CoV-2

In conclusion, the novel visual RT-LAMP assay is a simple, rapid, and sensitive approach for detection of SARS-CoV-2, and it is ready for application in primary care and community hospitals or health care centers, and even patients' own houses in response to the current SARS-CoV-2 epidemic because the assay does not require sophisticated equipment and skilled personnel. Furthermore, it is also ready to be used in fields for screening samples from wild animals and environments to facilitate the identification of potential intermediate hosts that mediate the cross-species transmission of SARS-CoV-2 from bats to humans.