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体细胞起源的人胚胎干细胞 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
陈莹 何志旭 刘爱莲 王凯 毛文伟 褚建新 卢勇 方贞付 施英唐 杨庆章 陈大元 王敏康 李劲松 黄绍良 孔祥银 史耀洲 王志强 夏家辉 龙志高 薛志刚 丁文祥 盛慧珍 《细胞生物学杂志》2003,25(6):332-339
根据治疗性克隆假设,可以通过体细胞核移植技术获得与病人具同样基因型的细胞或组织。这样起源的细胞或组织植回病人将不会引起免疫排斥反应。本研究将5岁、42岁、52岁和60岁4个不同年龄的人体细胞核植入去核的兔卵母细胞中重新启动,发育至囊胚,并分离人胚胎干细胞。研究结果提示,年龄不影响体细胞被重新启动的效率。经过核型分析,同源染色体分析,原位杂交,PCR和免疫组化染色等多种鉴定,ntES细胞具有人染色体。ntES细胞可以长期增殖并保持不分化状态,也可以形成类胚体并分化出包括神经和肌肉在内的多种细胞类型。由类胚体诱导生成的混合细胞群体表达所有三个胚层(外、中、内胚层)细胞类型标记,说明ntES细胞具有分化成所有三个胚层的潜力。因此,从人体细胞核获得的ntES细胞与普通人胚胎干细胞一样具有向多种细胞类型分化的能力。 相似文献
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随着核移植技术和干细胞技术的逐渐成熟,目前已获得牛、小鼠核移植胚胎干细胞,以及人 - 兔异种间核移植胚胎干细胞,这些细胞在体外可分化成多种细胞形态 . 已经进行的实验性动物克隆性治疗,显示了诱人的潜力,但人核移植胚胎干细胞研究还面临着许多问题,如建系效率低、卵母细胞来源有限以及伦理学和安全性问题等 . 长远地看,随着克隆效率的提高,在道德与法律之间达成共识,核移植胚胎干细胞必将造福人类 . 相似文献
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核移植与治疗性克隆 总被引:2,自引:1,他引:1
核移植与治疗性克隆在畜牧业生产以及生物医学上具有广阔和诱人的应用前景。文章分析指出卵母细胞质量与供核细胞重新编程是影响体细胞核移植效率及克隆动物异常的主要因素,阐述了治疗性克隆所面临的一些基本问题及出路:治疗性克隆以核移植技术为基础,核移植所面临的一些问题也直接影响着治疗性克隆的临床应用;核移植胚胎干细胞分离培养效率的高低以及向重要功能细胞定向分化是治疗性克隆的前提;成体干细胞可用于一些重大疾病的治疗,但不能完全替代克隆性治疗;伦理问题也阻碍治疗性克隆的发展。核移植及治疗性克隆技术要想尽快更好地应用于临床和造福于人类,需要不断完善各技术环节和加强一些基础理论的研究。Abstract: Nuclear transfer and therapeutic cloning have widespread and attractive prospects in animal agriculture and biomedical applications. We reviewed that the quality of oocytes and nuclear reprogramming of somatic donor cells were the main reasons of the common abnormalities in cloned animals and the low efficiency of cloning and showed the problems and outlets in therapeutic cloning, such as some basic problems in nuclear transfer affected clinical applications of therapeutic cloning. Study on isolation and culture of nuclear transfer embryonic stem (ntES) cells and specific differentiation of ntES cells into important functional cells should be emphasized and could enhance the efficiency. Adult stem cells could help to cure some great diseases, but could not replace therapeutic cloning. Ethics also impeded the development of therapeutic cloning. It is necessary to improve many techniques and reinforce the research of some basic theories, then somatic nuclear transfer and therapeutic cloning may apply to agriculture reproduction and benefit to human life better. 相似文献
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体细胞核移植技术已经在基础研究领域与产业化应用领域体现出了重要的价值,因而体细胞核移植技术及其相关研究已经成为了生物领域的持续性研究热点,但是围绕体细胞核移植技术仍然存在许多质疑,其中最主要的就是体细胞核移植的效率较低。尽管如此,体细胞核移植研究仍然在近年来取得了令人瞩目的成就,包括小鼠与恒河猴核移植胚胎干细胞系的建立。该文就体细胞核移植的研究历史与进展进行简要的论述,同时针对体细胞核移植研究中的细胞重编程与治疗性克隆研究中的发展与问题进行剖析,希望能够积极推动治疗性克隆的研究进展,加速核移植与干细胞技术在产业化领域中的应用。 相似文献
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猪胚胎细胞核移植研究的新进展@赵浩斌¥湖北省农业科学院畜牧兽医研究所猪,卵细胞,胚胎,核移植,胚胎干细胞,细胞周期猪胚胎细胞核移植研究的新进展赵浩斌(湖北省农业科学院畜牧兽医研究所武汉430209)关键词猪卵细胞胚胎核移植胚胎干细胞细胞周期核移植就是将供... 相似文献
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核移植(nuelear transplation,NT)是将动物早期胚胎或体细胞的细胞核移植到去核的受精卵或成熟卵母细胞中、重新构建新的胚胎,使重构胚发育为与供核细胞基因型相同后代的技术过程,又称动物克隆技术。广义的胚胎克隆技术还包括胚胎分割和卵裂球培养,通常所指的胚胎克隆技术是指狭义概念,即核移植技术。1938年Spmann在所有胚胎细胞都具有与受精卵完全相同、拥有潜在发育全能性的细胞核基础上提出了细胞核移植的概念[‘1。早期核移植实验是在变形虫、蛙、爪蟾、非洲爪蛙等两栖类和鱼类上进行的核质关系研究〔“一“〕,随着胚胎技术的不断进步… 相似文献
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《Epigenetics》2013,8(3):179-186
Methylation of DNA is the most commonly studied epigenetic mechanism of developmental competence and somatic cell nuclear transfer (SCNT). Previous studies of epigenetics and the SCNT procedures have examined the effects of different culture media on donor cells and reconstructed embryos, and the methylation status of specific genes in the fetus or live offspring. Here we used a microarray based approach to identify the methylation profiles of SCNT donor cells including three clonal porcine fetal fibroblast-like cell sublines and adult somatic cells selected from kidney and mammary tissues. The methylation profiles of the donor cells were then analyzed with respect to their ability to direct development to the blastocyst stage after nuclear transfer. Clonal cell lines A2, A7, and A8 had blastocyst rates of 11.7%a, 16.7%ab, and 20.0%b, respectively (ab P 相似文献
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Somatic cell nuclear transfer is used to generate genetic models for research and new, genetically modified livestock varieties. Goat fetal fibroblast cells (gFFCs) are the predominant nuclear donors in Cashmere goat transgenic cloning, but have disadvantages. We evaluated the potential of goat adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells (gADSCs) and goat skeletal muscle-derived satellite cells (gMDSCs) for somatic cell nuclear transfer, evaluating their proliferation, pluripotency, transfection efficiency and capacity to support full term development of embryos after additive gene transfer or homologous recombination. gADSCs and gMDSCs were isolated by enzyme digestion and differentiated into neurocytes, myotube cells and insulin-producing cells. Neuron-specific enolase, fast muscle myosin and insulin expression were determined by immunohistochemistry. Following somatic cell nuclear transfer with donor cells derived from gADSCs, gMDSCs and gFFCs, transfection and cloning efficiencies were compared. Red fluorescent protein levels were determined by quantitative PCR and western blotting. 5-Methylcytosine, H4K5, H4K12 and H3K18 were determined immunohistochemically. gADSCs and gMDSCs were maintained in culture for up to 65 passages, whereas gFFCs could be passaged barely more than 15 times. gADSCs and gMDSCs had higher fluorescent colony forming efficiency and greater convergence (20%) and cleavage (10%) rates than gFFCs, and exhibited differing H4K5 histone modification patterns after somatic cell nuclear transfer and in vitro cultivation. After transfection with a pDsRed2-1 expression plasmid, the integrated exogenous genes did not influence the pluripotency of gADSCs–pDsRed2-1 or gMDSCs–pDsRed2-1. DsRed2 mRNA expression by cloned embryos derived from gADSCs–pDsRed2-1 or gMDSCs–pDsRed2-1 was more than twice that of gFFCs–pDsRed2-1 embryos (P<0.01). Pregnancy rates of gADSCs–pDsRed2-1 and gMDSCs–pDsRed2-1 recipients were higher than those of gFFCs–pDsRed2-1 recipients (P<0.01). With their high proliferative capacity and transfection efficiency, gADSCs and gMDSCs are a valuable cell source for breeding new, genetically modified varieties of livestock by somatic cell nuclear transfer. 相似文献
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整合人lactoferrin基因的山羊体细胞支持核移植克隆胚的体外发育 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
克隆了人lactoferrin基因和山羊[[beta]]-casein基因5′端调控区, 构建了人lactoferrin的乳腺表达载体, 并将该载体利用脂质体介导转染了奶山羊胎儿成纤维细胞, 获得了稳定整合人lactoferrin基因的转基因体细胞克隆17个, 其中PCR和Southern Blot检测阳性的细胞克隆14个, 阳性率82.4%。以转基因体细胞为供体细胞进行了核移植, 获得了能够体外发育的山羊转基因克隆胚胎, 体内成熟卵母细胞来源的核移植囊胚率为64.8%, 体外成熟卵母细胞来源的核移植囊胚率为51.7%, 证明了山羊转基因体细胞能够支持克隆胚的进一步发育。 相似文献
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