香蕉果实XET cDNA的克隆及其在成熟软化的果实果皮和果肉中的表达分析

木葡聚糖内糖基转移酶(Xyloglucan endotransglycosylase,XET)通过分解细胞壁半纤维素多糖的主要成分--木葡聚糖而参与果实软化.为了阐明香蕉(Musa acuminata.Colla cv.GrandNain)果实成熟过程中的软化与细胞壁代谢酶XET基因表达模式的关系,采用RT-PCR和RACE-PCR方法,首次从成熟香蕉果实果肉中分离了编码XT基因的全长cDNA(MA-XET1,全长1 095 bp).序列分析表明,MA-XET1的5'端和3'端的非翻译区分别为66 bp和1 89bp,该片段含有一个完整的开放读码框,编码280个氨基酸,推导的MA-XET1蛋白质中存在XET蛋白的催化活性部位DEIDFEFL.Southern杂交表明,MA-XET1在香蕉基因组中由多拷贝基因编码.Northern分析显示,跃变前期的果肉中,不能检测MA-XET1基因的表达,跃变期的果实果肉中MA-XET1表达增加,跃变后期该基因表达略有减弱;在跃变前期的果实果皮中,MA-XET1的积累较低,跃变期的果实果皮中积累大幅增加,而后迅速下降.Propylene(丙烯,乙烯的类似物)处理降低香蕉果实果皮和果肉的硬度,而且propylene促进MA-XET1在果皮和果肉中的积累.这些结果表明,MA-XET1参与香蕉果实成熟过程中的果皮和果肉软化,并且,MA-XET1的表达在转录水平上受乙烯调控.     

Molecular characterization and expression of a tobacco histone H1 cDNA

We have isolated a 1104 bp tobacco cDNA clone (H1c12) which includes an 846 bp open reading frame. This encodes a polypeptide of 282 amino acid residues and represents the largest plant H1 histone identified so far. The structure of the deduced protein shows the classical tripartite organization of the H1-type linker histones. The expression of the tobacco H1 histone gene(s) corresponding to the H1c12 cDNA clone was examined during different developmental stages. We found that, at the level of steadystate mRNA, expression of gene(s) encoding this H1 histone was rapidly induced in germinating seeds. The H1 gene was expressed in all tissues examined. However, its expression was higher in tissues known to contain meristematic cells. Furthermore, in the leaves of mature plants accumulation of the H1 mRNA exhibits a very characteristic oscillation. This latter finding indicates that, at least in fully developed plants, the expression of this type of H1 histone gene(s) is modulated by a diurnal cycle.     

香蕉果胶裂解酶基因的克隆

根据已经报告的香蕉果胶裂解酶基因序列,设计了特异引物,通过RT-PCR获得果胶裂解酶的cDNA,并克隆测序,与已报告的序列进行了比较,二者核苷酸序列的同源性达99.24%;推测的氨基酸序列也具有很高的同源性,达97.7%.通过RT-PCR的方法对香蕉不同组织和不同成熟度果实的果胶裂解酶基因的表达进行了研究.结果表明该基因只在果实中表达,具有组织特异性,而且只在果实的特定发育阶段表达.     

香蕉凝集素基因的克隆及在成熟果实中的特异性表达

采用RT-PCR的方法克隆香蕉凝集素(Bankc)基因,对其全序列进行了测定并与已发表的BanLec基因序列进行了比较。采用定量PCR的方法对该基因在果实成熟过程中和香蕉不同组织中的表达进行了研究,结果表明：BanLec基因的表达同时具有发育特异性和组织特异性,即仅在果实中表达,而且其表达量随果实成熟度的变化而变化。     

香蕉果实软化相关β-半乳糖苷酶基因的克隆及其表达分析

β-半乳糖苷酶（β-galactosidase）通过分解细胞壁半纤维素切除半乳糖键而参与果实软化。为了阐明香蕉（Musasp．）果实成熟过程中的软化与细胞壁代谢酶β-半乳糖苷酶基因表达之间的关系,采用RT-PCR方法,从成熟香蕉果实果肉中分离了编码β-半乳糖苷酶基因的部分cDNA（MA-Gal）,序列分析表明,MA-Gal包含927bp,编码309个氨基酸,包含5个β-半乳糖苷酶结构域（典型真核生物中β-半乳糖苷酶包含7个结构域）,推导的MA-Gal蛋白质中有β-半乳糖苷酶蛋白的催化活性部位GGPIILSQIENEY（F）;系统进化树分析结果表明MA-Gal属于第一类β-半乳糖苷酶基因（该类主要在果实中表达）;β-半乳糖苷酶活性和硬度的变化表明其与香蕉果实硬度变化密切相关;Northern分析显示,跃变前期的果肉中,MA-Gal基因的表达量很低,后随着果实的软化表达量不断增加,并在呼吸跃变后达到最高。所有结果表明,MA-Gal参与香蕉果实成熟过程中的软化。     

A mammalian oocyte-specific linker histone gene H1oo: homology with the genes for the oocyte-specific cleavage stage histone (cs-H1) of sea urchin and the B4/H1M histone of the frog

Oocytes and early embryos of multiple (non-mammalian) species lack the somatic form of the linker histone H1. To the best of our knowledge, a mammalian oocyte-specific linker (H1) histone(s) has not, as yet, been reported. We have uncovered the cDNA in question in the course of a differential screening (suppression subtractive hybridization (SSH)) project. Elucidation of the full-length sequence of this novel 1.2 kb cDNA led to the identification of a 912 bp open reading frame. The latter encoded a novel 34 kDa linker histone protein comprised of 304 amino acids, tentatively named H1oo. Amino acid BLAST analysis revealed that H1oo displayed the highest sequence homology to the oocyte-specific B4 histone of the frog, the respective central globular (putative DNA binding) domains displaying 54% identity. Substantial homology to the cs-H1 protein of the sea urchin oocyte was also apparent. While most oocytic mRNAs corresponding to somatic linker histones are not polyadenylated (and remain untranslated), the mRNAs of (non-mammalian) oocyte-specific linker histones and of mammalian H1oo, are polyadenylated, a process driven by the consensus signal sequence, AAUAAA, detected in the 3'-untranslated region of the H1oo cDNA. Our data suggest that the mouse oocyte-specific linker histone H1oo (1) constitutes a novel mammalian homolog of the oocyte-specific linker histone B4 of the frog and of the cs-H1 linker histone of the sea urchin; (2) is expressed as early as the GV (PI) stage oocyte, persisting into the MII stage oocyte, the oocytic polar bodies, and the two-cell embryo, extinction becoming apparent at the four- to eight-cell embryonic stage; and (3) may play a key role in the control of gene expression during oogenesis and early embryogenesis, presumably through the perturbation of chromatin structure.     

A drought-stress-inducible histone gene in Arabidopsis thaliana is a member of a distinct class of plant linker histone variants

We have isolated and characterized a gene, His1-3, encoding a structurally divergent linker histone in Arabidopsis thaliana. Southern and northern hybridization data indicate that A. thaliana expresses three single-copy linker histone genes, each encoding a structurally distinct variant. H1-3 is a considerably smaller protein (167 amino acids with a mass of 19.0 kDa) than any other described linker histone from higher eukaryotes. We examined the expression of His1-3 at the RNA and protein levels and found that it is induced specifically by water stress. In contrast, expression of His1-1, His1-2 and His4 appear unaffected by water stress. Furthermore, the primary structure of the protein possesses distinct characteristics that are shared with another drought-inducible linker histone, H1-D, isolated from Lycopersicon pennellii. Based on structural characteristics of the deduced protein and its inducible expression, we hypothesize that H1-3 and H1-D are linker histone variants that have specialized roles in the structure and function of plant chromatin and therefore they can be considered to be members of a unique subclass of plant histones. Immunoblotting with an antibody produced against a short polypeptide in the conserved domain of this subtype indicates that similar proteins may exist in other plants.     

香蕉果实冷胁迫相关MaWRKY11转录因子的特性、互作蛋白筛选与鉴定

为探讨香蕉(Musa acuminata)响应冷胁迫的分子机制,从香蕉果实冷害的数字基因表达谱中筛选并分离了1 个WRKY转录因子,命名为MaWRKY11。MaWRKY11 具有2 个WRKY 保守结构域,属于I 类WRKY 成员,定位于细胞核,是核蛋白。MaWRKY11 具有转录激活活性,且激活区在N 端。实时荧光定量PCR 分析表明MaWRKY11 受冷胁迫诱导,外源茉莉酸甲酯(MeJA)处理减轻香蕉果实冷害的同时也上调了其表达。另外,酵母双杂交筛选表明,MaWRKY11 可与脱水诱导的早期应答蛋白MaERD 相互作用。这些表明MaWRKY11 可能通过与逆境相关蛋白如MaERD 互作来响应香蕉果实的冷胁迫。     

香蕉谷氨酸脱羧酶基因克隆与表达

根据抑制缩减杂交文库获得的香蕉谷氨酸脱羧酶基因片段,利用RACE技术,首次从香蕉果实中克隆了谷氨酸脱羧酶基因的cDNA全长.结果表明,该cDNA的ORF全长1 500 bp,编码499个氨基酸.Blast分析表明,该基因所推导的氨基酸序列与水稻、柑橘、白杨、番茄等具有较高的一致性,分别为82%、81% 、79% 、78%,推测其编码的蛋白质分子量为56.25 kD,等电点5.21,具有与钙调蛋白结合的C端延伸区域和磷酸吡哆醛结合位点.组织特异性和果实采后正常成熟不同阶段表达结果显示,该基因在香蕉根、茎、叶、花、果实中均有表达,果实中的表达量较高,正常成熟表达量的增加可能受内源乙烯诱导并促进乙烯生物合成,推测其可能在不同的生理过程中起作用,并且与果实成熟及乙烯生物合成密切相关.