汉防己甲素及其联合氟康唑对白念珠菌细胞周期影响的初步研究

目的 探讨汉防己甲素联合氟康唑对白念珠菌细胞周期的影响.方法 将白念珠菌CA-1菌悬液与汉防己甲素和（或）氟康唑共培养12h,应用流式细胞仪测定空白对照组、汉防己甲素组、氟康唑组及汉防己甲素联合氟康唑组DNA含量.比较细胞周期各期DNA含量变化并计算增殖抑制率PI％,分析汉防己甲素及其联合氟康唑对白念珠菌细胞周期的影响.结果 汉防己甲素、氟康唑组与对照组S期DNA含量相比,分别能增加17.25％ （P =0.018）与6.54％ （P ＞0.05）,其联合运用效果更明显,S期DNA含量可增加31.52％ （P =0.002）.这说明汉防己甲素能将白念珠菌细胞阻滞在S期.结论 汉防己甲素能抑制白念珠菌细胞DNA合成,阻断白念珠菌细胞周期进程,抑制细胞分裂,其与氟康唑联用时阻滞作用更显著.     

康莱特联合顺铂对宫颈癌SiHa细胞增殖和凋亡的影响

目的:通过康莱特联合顺铂对宫颈癌SiHa细胞增殖和凋亡的影响,探讨其作用机制。方法:体外培养宫颈癌Siha细胞,分别将康莱特(浓度为1,2,4,6,8 mg/mL),顺铂(浓度梯度为1.5,3,6,9,12μg/mL),单独作用于宫颈癌SiHa细胞,加药24h、48h用噻唑蓝(MTT法)检测细胞增殖情况。用流式细胞术检测康莱特组和顺铂组细胞24h凋亡率,选取合适的药物浓度(康莱特6 mg/mL,顺铂3μg/mL),进行联合用药,加药24h、48h用MTT法检测细胞增殖情况,用流式细胞术检测24h细胞凋亡率。结果:①MTT法显示加药后两组的24h、48h,宫颈癌SiHa细胞的抑制率均高于对照组(P0.05),并且在一定程度上呈浓度和时间依赖性。②联合用药时,细胞的抑制率和凋亡率要显著高于单独用药(P0.01)。结论:康莱特、顺铂单独或联合作用均能抑制SiHa细胞的增殖,促进其凋亡,且康莱特联合顺铂的作用要显著高于单独用药,康莱特与化疗药物联合使用可提高肿瘤细胞对化疗药物的敏感性。     

LRP16影响宫颈癌Siha细胞对化疗药物的敏感性

目的:探讨抑制LRP16的表达对宫颈癌Siha细胞的化疗药物敏感性的影响。方法:将抑制LRP16表达的小干扰RNA:negativecontrol-si RNA(NC)、si RNA-374(si374)转染入Siha宫颈鳞癌细胞系中,通过顺铂(DDP)和紫杉醇(TAX)的处理后,采用CCK-8检测不同浓度紫杉醇、顺铂作用宫颈癌细胞系Siha48 h后,计算出细胞被抑制一半时顺铂、紫杉醇的药物浓度(IC50);使用Hoechst33342染色观察细胞凋亡,采用流式细胞仪检测顺铂IC50作用Siha细胞48小时后的细胞凋亡情况,紫杉醇IC50作用Siha细胞之后的细胞周期分布情况。结果:CCK-8检测转染的Siha细胞增殖活性受到抑制,Hoechst33342染色观察转染的Siha细胞凋亡明显增加,流式细胞仪检测凋亡显示,si374+顺铂的早期凋亡率22.15±2.24,NC+顺铂12.45±2.72,流式细胞仪检测周期显示G2/M(%),si374+紫杉醇29.94±1.87,NC+紫杉醇17.66±2.32。结论:LRP16基因表达下调之后,抑制Siha细胞的增殖、促进其凋亡,使细胞周期滞留于G2/M期,从而提高Siha细胞的化疗敏感性。     

顺铂靶向食管癌细胞周期Cx43表达的研究

目的:为研究顺铂治疗食管鳞癌细胞的靶向作用。方法:本研究使用流式细胞技术双变量分析检测顺铂对食管癌细胞周期进程和癌细胞周期的连接蛋白43(connexin 43,Cx43)表达的影响。结果:顺铂对食管鳞癌细胞周期的影响主要作用于S期的DNA复制,细胞阻滞于S期,G2/M期减少。顺铂诱导食管鳞癌细胞周期S和G2/M期的Cx43表达的大幅度改变。低浓度顺铂(由0~2μmol/L),Cx43表达增强;顺铂渐高浓度(2~12μmol/L),细胞Cx43表达由强逐渐变弱,特别是G2/M期细胞的Cx43表达活跃,易受顺铂影响。结论:我们的研究表明以顺铂处理食管鳞癌细胞,癌细胞周期的S期和G2/M期的Cx43表达与S期的DNA复制一样可作为的潜在治疗靶标。顺铂靶向作用细胞周期S和/或G2/M期细胞的特性可能减少或避免对非分裂细胞的影响。     

伊立替康联合去甲斑蝥素对人胃癌细胞作用的考察及协同作用机制研究

研究了伊立替康(CPT-11)联合去甲斑蝥素(NCTD)对人胃癌细胞BGC-823增殖的影响及协同作用机制.分别利用CPT-11 30、60、90、120、150μmol/L,NCTD 30、60、90、120、150μmol/L和两药按上述浓度1∶1联用,以及两药上述浓度完全交叉组合作用BGC-823细胞24、48和72 h,并且以不同序贯方式作用BGC-823细胞24 h.MTT法检测BGC-823细胞的增殖,采用中效原理评价两药联合作用;流式细胞术测定CPT-11 60μmol/L、NCTD 60μmol/L和联合用药(60∶60)μmol/L,以及不同序贯方式作用BGC-823细胞24 h后细胞周期及凋亡的情况;Western blot法检测CPT-11 30、60μmol/L,NCTD 30,60μmol/L和联合用药(30∶30,60∶60)μmol/L作用BGC-823细胞24 h后Pdcd4和p53蛋白表达水平.结果显示:CPT-11及NCTD联合用药比单独用药对细胞增殖的抑制作用增强,IC50明显减小(P0.05),单独使用CPT-11或NCTD作用24、48和72 h时的IC50分别是联合使用时的2.83、3.15、2.19倍以及2.66、3.11、2.45倍,并且两药联合用药具有协同作用效应;两药合用24 h时先给CPT-11方案抑制作用优于先给NCTD方案,且优于同时给药方案(P0.05);CPT-11 60μmol/L作用24 h引起BGC-823细胞S和G2-M期阻滞(P0.01),NCTD 60μmol/L作用24 h引起细胞G2-M期阻滞(P0.05),并诱导细胞凋亡(P0.05),联合用药(60∶60)μmol/L作用24 h,主要引起细胞G2-M期阻滞(P0.01),与先给NCTD 6h方案及同时给药相比,先给CPT-11 6h方案主要引起细胞S期阻滞增加(P0.05)以及细胞凋亡增加;CPT-11 30、60μmol/L作用12 h后Pdcd4上调表达,p53下调表达(P0.05),NCTD 30、60μmol/L作用12 h后Pdcd4下调表达,p53上调表达(P0.05),联合用药(30∶30,60∶60)μmol/L作用24 h后Pdcd4及p53蛋白表达均上调(P0.05).上述结果表明:CPT-11联合NCTD对人胃癌BGC-823细胞有协同抑制作用,其机制主要是诱导细胞G2-M期阻滞,并与抑癌基因蛋白Pdcd4及p53上调表达有关;两种药物联用时序贯次序对联合作用有影响,先给CPT-11方案要优于先给NCTD方案及同时给药方案,其机制主要是引起S期阻滞增加以及细胞凋亡增加;抑癌基因蛋白Pdcd4与p53之间可能存在负调控关系.     

GSTM潜抑制剂双依他尼酰乙二胺对人耐顺铂卵巢癌细胞COC1/DDP的抗肿瘤活性

为探讨双依他尼酰乙二胺(EDEA)对人耐顺铂卵巢癌细胞(COC1/DDP)的抗肿瘤活性,本实验用CCK-8细胞增殖实验检测顺铂(DDP)及双依他尼酰乙二胺对细胞生长的抑制作用,用流式细胞术检测细胞凋亡率,Western Blot检测细胞内Bcl-2家族凋亡相关蛋白表达,瑞氏染色观察细胞形态。结果显示,EDEA对人正常细胞HEK293、LO2的低毒剂量接近1.2μmol/L,DDP对上述细胞低毒剂量约1.0μmol/L。分别作用COC1/DDP细胞24 h、48 h、72 h后,EDEA的半抑制浓度IC_(50)均为0.67μmol/L,但DDP对应IC_(50)分别为52.9μmol/L、18.1μmol/L和15.2μmol/L。在浓度均为1.0μmol/L时,EDEA作用COC1/DDP细胞48 h后其凋亡率接近44%,而DDP作用此细胞48h后凋亡率仅约4%。与单用1.0μmol/L DDP处理相比,1.0μmol/L EDEA作用48 h后Bcl-2等抗凋亡蛋白下调,Bax等促凋亡蛋白上调,且p-Akt表达被抑制,细胞形态发生凋亡样改变。结论,EDEA对人正常细胞低毒剂量与DDP相当但对COC1/DDP有显著生长抑制作用,且药效远强于相同浓度DDP;EDEA对耐顺铂卵巢癌细胞COC1的生长抑制作用与p-Akt表达抑制和细胞凋亡增强相关。     

TGF-β1经DNMT1调控肺癌A549细胞对顺铂的敏感性

转化生长因子-β1(transforming growth factor-beta 1,TGF-β1)与肿瘤的发生、发展以及凋亡关系密切,DNA甲基化关键酶DNMTs(DNA methyltransferases)在肿瘤发生及耐药中发挥重要作用,SPARC(secreted protein acidic and rich in cysteine)常因异常甲基化而表达下调。为探究肺癌对顺铂耐受的分子机制,该研究以肺腺癌A549细胞为研究对象,通过外源TGF-β1作用A549细胞,利用RT-PCR检测TGF-β1作用后DNMTs和SPARC m RNA水平的变化以及A549细胞增殖能力和对顺铂敏感性的影响。结果显示:5 ng/m L、10 ng/m L TGF-β1作用24 h后,A549细胞DNMT1 m RNA表达均显著下调(P0.01、P0.001),SPARC m RNA表达均显著上调(P0.001、P0.001);5 ng/m L、10 ng/m L TGF-β1作用后的A549细胞对顺铂的IC50均显著低于对照组[(12.34±0.36)μmol/L、(10.93±0.69)μmol/L,对照组为(21.54±1.21)μmol/L;P0.01、P0.01];5 ng/m L、10 ng/m L TGF-β1作用后的A549细胞在顺铂环境中,其克隆数显著低于空白对照;15μmol/L顺铂作用24 h时,5 ng/m L、10 ng/m L TGF-β1组细胞凋亡分数均显著高于空白对照(P0.05、P0.01)。结果提示:TGF-β1可下调A549细胞DNMT1的表达,进而上调抑癌基因SPARC并增加其对顺铂的敏感性,成功逆转肺腺癌A549细胞的恶性表型。该研究为进一步阐明肺癌对顺铂的耐受机制提供了新的思路。     

顺铂诱导人宫颈癌细胞系P27表达及其超微弱发光测定的意义

目的:探讨化疗药物对肿瘤增殖活性的影响.方法:选择人宫颈癌细胞系Hela分为两组,分别采用MTT比色法分析测定顺铂处理Hela细胞的浓度;免疫组化SP法分别检测Hela细胞中P27蛋白表达;流式细胞仪分析加药前后细胞周期变化及凋亡情况;用IFFM-D型流动式化学发光仪检测细胞的超弱发光强度.结果:顺铂处理Hela细胞48h的IC50值为3mg/L,当DDP浓度,在3mg/L以下时,对Hela细胞无明显毒性作用,超过此浓度时,其毒性呈剂量效应关系(P<0.001);流式细胞仪分析细胞周期可见与Hela细胞相比较,Hela+DDP细胞的G2期细胞数增多,而G1,S期的细胞数明显减少(P<0.01);从细胞调亡检测显示Hela与Hela+DDP相比,细胞凋亡率在不同时间点明显升高,在24h,48h,72h结果分别为(11.4±5.8、21.8±7.9、32.5±11.6)%.免疫组化结果显示Hela+DDP与Hela细胞相比细胞膜上P27蛋白高表达;在10-4mol/L鲁米诺及0.3%的双氧水(H2O2)条件下Hela细胞超弱发光强度高于用Hela+DDP细胞9P<0.001).结论:超弱发光能够快速、准确、有效地反映肿瘤细胞氧化代谢特点和增殖活动,也可用于筛选敏感的化疗药物.     

CXCR4的抑制性多肽对乳腺癌细胞CXCR4和HER-2表达及HERCEPTIN药物敏感性的影响

目的 探讨CXCR4抑制性多肽对人乳腺癌细胞株SKBR3膜受体HER-2和CXCR4的蛋白表达及其对Herceptin药物敏感性的影响.方法 抑制性多肽、Herceptin单独或联合处理乳腺癌SKBR3细胞24、48h后,用MTT法观测SKBR3细胞的增殖抑制效应;Weatern blot和免疫纽化法检测SKBR3细胞中CXCR4和HER-2蛋白表达;RT-PCR检测HER-2、CXCR4 mRNA的表达,流式细胞仪检测细胞周期的变化.结果 多肽和Herceptin可不同程度地下调人乳腺癌细胞SKBR3中CXCR4和HER-2的蛋白表达.多肽对细胞生长抑制不明显,与Herceptin联合用药后,生长抑制率高于对照组和Herceptin单独用药组(P<0.001),48h生长抑制率为57.94%±5.3,且呈时问依赖(P<0.05),Herceptin单独作用SKBR3-细胞,细胞周期阻滞于G0/GI期,并且S期的比例减少,与多肽联合作用后,细胞周期又进一步阻滞于G2/M期,S期细胞进一步降低.结论 抑制性多肽能不同程度地下调膜受体HER-2和CXCR4的表达,提高人乳腺癌细胞株SKBR3对Herceptin药物的敏感性.     

大肠埃希菌对化疗药物顺铂体外敏感性的探讨

目的通过体外细菌敏感性试验研究细胞周期非特异性化疗药物顺铂（Cisplatin,DDP）对条件性致病菌———大肠埃希菌的抑菌活性。方法分别用滤纸片法和96孔板法对顺铂的抑菌活性进行研究。其中,滤纸片法是以庆大霉素作为阳性对照,以生理盐水作为阴性对照,用直尺测不同浓度顺铂抑菌圈直径大小;96孔板法是用酶标仪测定吸光值,然后计算抑菌率。根据不同浓度大肠埃希菌的抑菌率曲线,利用origin 75拟合标准曲线做图并计算出能使50%大肠埃希菌死亡所需的顺铂使用剂量（IC50）。结果滤纸片法检测结果发现,5、2.5、1.25、0.625、0.313和0.156 mg/mL的顺铂对大肠埃希菌的抑菌圈大小分别为14、121、19、.678、.33和0 mm,而阳性对照6 670 IU/mL庆大霉素的抑菌圈大小为18 mm。96孔板法检测结果发现,顺铂对大肠埃希菌的抑制率均随用药剂量的增加而增大,呈＂S＂型曲线。用药后6、24、48和72 h时顺铂的IC50值分别为30.29、42.56、80.24和98.69μg/mL。结论顺铂对大肠埃希菌有抑制生长的作用;其抑菌作用随顺铂用药作用时间的延长而减弱。     

Curcuminoids as inhibitors of thioredoxin reductase: A receptor based pharmacophore study with distance mapping of the active site

Curcumin is the yellow pigment of turmeric that interacts irreversibly forming an adduct with thioredoxin reductase (TrxR), an enzyme responsible for redox control of cell and defence against oxidative stress. Docking at both the active sites of TrxR was performed to compare the potency of three naturally occurring curcuminoids, namely curcumin, demethoxy curcumin and bis-demethoxy curcumin. Results show that active sites of TrxR occur at the junction of E and F chains. Volume and area of both cavities is predicted. It has been concluded by distance mapping of the most active conformations that Se atom of catalytic residue SeCYS498, is at a distance of 3.56 from C13 of demethoxy curcumin at the E chain active site, whereas C13 carbon atom forms adduct with Se atom of SeCys 498. We report that at least one methoxy group in curcuminoids is necessary for interation with catalytic residues of thioredoxin. Pharmacophore of both active sites of the TrxR receptor for curcumin and demethoxy curcumin molecules has been drawn and proposed for design and synthesis of most probable potent antiproliferative synthetic drugs.     

A Unique Protease Cleavage Site Predicted in the Spike Protein of the Novel Pneumonia Coronavirus (2019-nCoV) Potentially Related to Viral Transmissibility

正Dear Editor,In December 2019, a novel human coronavirus caused an epidemic of severe pneumonia(Coronavirus Disease 2019,COVID-19) in Wuhan, Hubei, China(Wu et al. 2020; Zhu et al. 2020). So far, this virus has spread to all areas of China and even to other countries. The epidemic has caused 67,102 confirmed infections with 1526 fatal cases     

Comparative morphology of the carpel in the Liliaceae: Hewardieae, Petrosavieae, and Tricyrteae

The young pistils in the melanthioid tribes, Hewardieae, Petrosavieae and Tricyrteae, are uniformly tricarpellate and syncarpous. They lack raphide idioblasts. All are multiovulate, with bitegmic ovules. The Petrosavieae are marked by the presence of septal glands and incomplete syncarpy. Tepals and stamens adhere to the ovary in the Hewardieae and the Petrosavieae but not in the Tricyrteae. Two vascular bundles occur in the stamens of the Hewartlieae and Tricyrtis latifolia. Ventral bundles in the upper part of the ovary of the Hewardieae are continuous with compound septal bundles and placental bundles in the lower part. Putative ventral bundles occur in the alternate position in the Tricyrteae and putative placental bundles in the opposite. position in the Petrosavieae. The dichtomously branched stigma in each carpel of the Tricyrteae is supplied by a bifurcated dorsal bundle.     

Entwicklungsgeschichte und Ultrastruktur von Pollenkitt und Exine bei nahe verwandten entomophilen und anemophilen Angiospermensippen derAlismataceae,Liliaceae, Juncaceae,Cyperaceae, Poaceae undAraceae

Some closely related members of the monocotyledonous familiesAlismataceae, Liliaceae, Juncaceae, Cyperaceae, Poaceae andAraceae with variable modes of pollination (insect- and wind-pollination) were studied in relation to the ultrastructure of pollenkitt and exine (amount, consistency and distribution of pollenkitt on the surface of pollen grains). The character syndromes of pollen cementing in entomophilous, anemophilous and intermediate (ambophilous or amphiphilous) monocotyledons are the same in principal as in dicotyledons. Comparing present with former results one can summarize: 1) The pollenkitt is always produced in the same manner by the anther tapetum in all angiosperm sub-classes. 2) The variable stickiness of entomophilous and anemophilous pollen always depends on the particular distribution and consistency of the pollenkitt, but not its amount on the pollen surface. 3) The mostly dry and powdery pollen of anemophilous plants always contains a variable amount of inactive pollenkitt in its exine cavities. 4) A step-by step change of the pollen cementing syndrome can be observed from entomophily towards anemophily. 5) From the omnipresence of pollenkitt in all wind-pollinated angiosperms studied one can conclude that the ancestors of anemophilous angiosperms probably have been zoophilous (i.e. entomophilous) throughout.

     

Identification and Characterization of the First Equine Parainfluenza Virus 5

正Dear Editor,Parainfluenza virus 5 (PIV5), known as canine parainfluenza virus in the veterinary field, is a negative-sense,nonsegmented, single-stranded RNA virus belonging to the Paramyxoviridae family (Chen 2018). The virus was first reported in primary monkey kidney cells in 1954 (Hsiung1972), then it has been frequently discovered in various     

Pathogenic Characterization and Full Length Genome Sequence of a Reassortant Infectious Bursal Disease Virus Newly Isolated in Pakistan

<正>Dear Editor,Infectious bursal disease (IBD) is one of the most important diseases of the poultry. The IBD virus (IBDV), a nonenveloped virus belonging to the Birnaviridae family with a genome consisting of two segments of double-stranded RNA (segments A and B), targets B lymphocytes of bursa of Fabricious leading to immunosuppression. In Pakistan,poultry farming is the second biggest industry and IBD is the second biggest disease threating the poultry sector.However, there is limited genome information of IBDV