山西芦芽山自然保护区黑鹳的繁殖及保护

1998～2000年在山西芦芽山国家级自然保护区对黑鹳的数量和繁殖生态作了调查.本区黑鹳最早迁来为2月28日,最晚迁离为11月5日,开始产卵最早是3月8日,窝卵数3～4枚,孵化期31～32天,巢内育雏70～75天,幼鸟成活率为59.4%.该鸟数量稀少,在本区的繁殖个体数量相对稳定,应加强保护.     

黑枕黄鹂繁殖生态的初步观察

1999～2001年在山西省沁水县中村地区对黑枕黄鹂的繁殖生态进行了观察。结果表明,该鸟在该为夏候鸟,种群遇见率为1．38只／km,5～8月为其繁殖期,5月底开始营巢,6月中旬产卵,窝卵数2-4枚,孵化期为16～17天,经亲鸟巢内喂育15～17天离巢,离巢后的锥鸟仍需亲鸟喂育8～10天,方可自食其力。     

朱鹮的营巢、产卵、孵化和育雏

系统地总结了 1981～ 2 0 0 0年朱筑巢、产卵、孵化和育雏的情况 ,对朱的繁殖情况进行了全面的评价。在此期间 ,朱野生群体共计营巢 12 3窝 ,产卵 3 63枚 ,出壳 2 76只 ,离巢出飞幼鸟 2 16只。朱的平均窝卵数为 3 0 4枚 ,窝卵数在年际间无显著差异 ,孵化期为 2 8天 ,育雏期为 4 0～ 4 5天。在孵化过程中朱的每日晾卵次数和时间逐渐增加 ,在育幼过程中亲鸟的喂食量在育雏中期最多 ,雌雄亲鸟对后代的贡献没有显著差异。近年来朱营巢地的海拔高度逐渐降低。     

山西芦芽山自然保护区灰头鵐的繁殖记述

1998～2000年4～9月,对芦芽山自然保护区灰头的繁殖生态进行了考察.该鸟每年4月11日～14日迁来,居留期150～151天,5月下旬进入繁殖盛期.营巢期5～6天,窝卵数4～5枚,孵卵期11～12天,孵化率77.8%,离巢率85.7%,巢内育雏8～9天,巢外育雏6～7天.     

山西芦芽山自然保护区山噪鹛的生态观察

山噪鹛（Garrulax davidi）为我国特产鸟类,在山西为留鸟.2002～2004年,在山西芦芽山国家级自然保护区对山噪鹛的生态进行了观察.结果表明：该鸟多在山地疏林灌丛间栖息,在本区种群遇见率为2.35只/ km.巢多筑在阳坡灌木、小乔木横枝上,每窝产卵3～5枚,卵由雌鸟孵化,孵化期13～14天,孵化率为97.44%,巢内育雏12～13天.     

发冠卷尾夏期生态学观察

发冠卷尾(Dicrurus hottentottus brevirostris)是四川盆周山区常见的农林益鸟。其生活习性尚未见专门报道。1983年7月和1984年4～6月在四川夹江县(北纬29°37′～29°39′,东经103°16′～103°28′)对此鸟的生活习性作了观察,观记述如后。一、生活习性此鸟广泛见于当地山区海拔1000米以下的农耕区。群栖在稀疏的小片树林中。每群的个体数常为数只。终日在树冠活动。常边飞边鸣,鸣声单调噪杂。1984年4～5月在夹江县采用路线统计法(每小时大约步行3公里,每日考查3小时)考查其春季迁徙过程,得知它最早到达本地的日期为4月15日,此后逐渐增多,…     

封面说明

北京姬翁鸟 (Ficedula beijingnica sp.nov.)　　北京姬翁鸟 (Ficedula beijingnica sp.nov.)是北京师范大学生命科学学院的研究者们发表的 1个新种 (论文发表于《北京师范大学报》(自然科学版 ) 36卷第 3期第 4 0 6～ 4 0 9页 ,作者郑光美、宋杰、张正旺、张雁云、郭东生 ) ,这是我国鸟类学者在建国后首次发表鸟类的新种。北京姬翁鸟在形态学上与其部分同域分布的黄眉姬翁鸟华北亚种 (Ficedula narcissina elisae)的雌鸟有些相似 ,但也有区别 :黄眉姬翁鸟雌鸟上体橄榄绿色 ,下体柠檬黄色 ;北京姬翁鸟两性上体均为橄榄绿色 ,下体淡柠檬黄…     

山西庞泉沟长尾山椒鸟种群数量

我们于1982～1987年的4～9月,在山西省庞泉沟自然保护区,对长尾山椒鸟(Pericr-ocotus ethologus)的种群数量作了初步观察。本区位于吕梁山中段(东经111°21′～111°33′,北纬37°45′～37°55′。面积10,443.5公顷),其自然概况见刘焕金等(1986),本文不另赘述。一、迁徒季节长尾山椒鸟六年(1982～1987)迁徙情况是:每年迁来本区的时间最早为4月17～23日,其年间差别1～6天,最晚迁离日期为9月22～28日,年间差异为1～6天。种群居留期158～159天;迁离后的间隔期为206～207天。种群此地的居留时间相对稳定。二、种群数量的年变动逐年数量统计结果…     

金眶Hang的繁殖习性

１９９６－１９９８年的４－９月,在山西省沁水县的张马十字河流域,对金眶Ｈａｎｇ的繁殖进行了研究。该鸟在本区为夏侯鸟,４月３－６日迁来,居留１６０－１６３天,栖息生境主要在河岸、砂滩、卵石间,遇见率为０．５３只／ｋｍ。５月营巢及产卵,窝卵数３－４枚,孵化期２２天。雏鸟为早成鸟,随新鸟在巢外生活２１天后,可独立生活。     

山西芦芽山自然保护区灰头鹀的繁殖记述

1998～ 2 0 0 0年 4～ 9月 ,对芦芽山自然保护区灰头的繁殖生态进行了考察。该鸟每年 4月 11日～ 14日迁来 ,居留期 15 0～ 15 1天 ,5月下旬进入繁殖盛期。营巢期 5～ 6天 ,窝卵数 4～ 5枚 ,孵卵期 11～ 12天 ,孵化率77 8%,离巢率 85 7%,巢内育雏 8～ 9天 ,巢外育雏 6～ 7天。     

A Unique Protease Cleavage Site Predicted in the Spike Protein of the Novel Pneumonia Coronavirus (2019-nCoV) Potentially Related to Viral Transmissibility

正Dear Editor,In December 2019, a novel human coronavirus caused an epidemic of severe pneumonia(Coronavirus Disease 2019,COVID-19) in Wuhan, Hubei, China(Wu et al. 2020; Zhu et al. 2020). So far, this virus has spread to all areas of China and even to other countries. The epidemic has caused 67,102 confirmed infections with 1526 fatal cases     

Curcuminoids as inhibitors of thioredoxin reductase: A receptor based pharmacophore study with distance mapping of the active site

Curcumin is the yellow pigment of turmeric that interacts irreversibly forming an adduct with thioredoxin reductase (TrxR), an enzyme responsible for redox control of cell and defence against oxidative stress. Docking at both the active sites of TrxR was performed to compare the potency of three naturally occurring curcuminoids, namely curcumin, demethoxy curcumin and bis-demethoxy curcumin. Results show that active sites of TrxR occur at the junction of E and F chains. Volume and area of both cavities is predicted. It has been concluded by distance mapping of the most active conformations that Se atom of catalytic residue SeCYS498, is at a distance of 3.56 from C13 of demethoxy curcumin at the E chain active site, whereas C13 carbon atom forms adduct with Se atom of SeCys 498. We report that at least one methoxy group in curcuminoids is necessary for interation with catalytic residues of thioredoxin. Pharmacophore of both active sites of the TrxR receptor for curcumin and demethoxy curcumin molecules has been drawn and proposed for design and synthesis of most probable potent antiproliferative synthetic drugs.     

Comparative morphology of the carpel in the Liliaceae: Hewardieae, Petrosavieae, and Tricyrteae

The young pistils in the melanthioid tribes, Hewardieae, Petrosavieae and Tricyrteae, are uniformly tricarpellate and syncarpous. They lack raphide idioblasts. All are multiovulate, with bitegmic ovules. The Petrosavieae are marked by the presence of septal glands and incomplete syncarpy. Tepals and stamens adhere to the ovary in the Hewardieae and the Petrosavieae but not in the Tricyrteae. Two vascular bundles occur in the stamens of the Hewartlieae and Tricyrtis latifolia. Ventral bundles in the upper part of the ovary of the Hewardieae are continuous with compound septal bundles and placental bundles in the lower part. Putative ventral bundles occur in the alternate position in the Tricyrteae and putative placental bundles in the opposite. position in the Petrosavieae. The dichtomously branched stigma in each carpel of the Tricyrteae is supplied by a bifurcated dorsal bundle.     

Enterovirus 71 3C proteolytically processes the histone H3 N-terminal tail during infection

Highlights
1. The N-terminal tail of histone H3 is specifically cleaved during EV71 infection.
2. Viral protease 3C is identified as a protease responsible for proteolytically processing the N-terminal H3 tail.
3. Our finding reveals a new epigenetic regulatory mechanism for Enterovirus 71 in virus-host interactions.     

Detection of EBV and HHV6 in the Brain Tissue of Patients with Rasmussen’s Encephalitis

Rasmussen’s encephalitis (RE) is a rare pediatric neurological disorder, and the exact etiology is not clear. Viral infection may be involved in the pathogenesis of RE, but conflicting results have reported. In this study, we evaluated the expression of both Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) and human herpes virus (HHV) 6 antigens in brain sections from 30 patients with RE and 16 control individuals by immunohistochemistry. In the RE group, EBV and HHV6 antigens were detected in 56.7% (17/30) and 50% (15/30) of individuals, respectively. In contrast, no detectable EBV and HHV6 antigen expression was found in brain tissues of the control group. The co-expression of EBV and HHV6 was detected in 20.0% (6/30) of individuals. In particular, a 4-year-old boy had a typical clinical course, including a medical history of viral encephalitis, intractable epilepsy, and hemispheric atrophy. The co-expression of EBV and HHV6 was detected in neurons and astrocytes in the brain tissue, accompanied by a high frequency of CD8⁺ T cells. Our results suggest that EBV and HHV6 infection and the activation of CD8⁺ T cells are involved in the pathogenesis of RE.     

Perinatal Vertical Transmission of Chikungunya Virus in Ruili,a Town on the Border between China and Myanmar

正Dear Editor,Chikungunya virus (CHIKV), an arbovirus in the family of Togaviridae, genus Alphavirus, is transmitted by the A.aegyptii or A. albopictus mosquito, and causes disease in humans characterized by fever, rash, and arthralgia (Silva and Dermody 2017; Suhrbier 2019). It was first reported in 1953 in Tanzania, and caused only a few outbreaks and sporadic cases in Africa and Asia in last century. However, in the epidemic in 2004, CHIKV acquired mutations that conferred enhanced transmission by the A. albopictus mosquito(Schuffenecker et al. 2006). Since then, it has successively caused outbreaks in Africa, the Indian Ocean, South East Asia, the South America, and Europe (Zeller et al. 2016).     

Development of a Novel Reverse Transcription Loop-Mediated Isothermal Amplification Method for Rapid Detection of SARS-CoV-2

In conclusion, the novel visual RT-LAMP assay is a simple, rapid, and sensitive approach for detection of SARS-CoV-2, and it is ready for application in primary care and community hospitals or health care centers, and even patients' own houses in response to the current SARS-CoV-2 epidemic because the assay does not require sophisticated equipment and skilled personnel. Furthermore, it is also ready to be used in fields for screening samples from wild animals and environments to facilitate the identification of potential intermediate hosts that mediate the cross-species transmission of SARS-CoV-2 from bats to humans.