论鲢、鳙对微囊藻的消化利用

1980年—1985年7—8月在水温30℃,溶氧8mg/L以上,pH值7—8,光照度2800lx的限制摄食量条件下,鲢、鳙鱼种对微囊藻干物质的消化率分别为29.45±4.37、26.07±2.15％;蛋白质消化率分别为39.20±3.44、33.71±2.93％;脂肪消化率分别为34.03±5.38、30.29±2.16％;碳水化合物消化率分别为36.61±4.15、30.39±2.81％。鱼种对微囊藻日需量分别为其体重的54.44和60.53％。鱼的生长与其生活水体中藻类的初始浓度有密切关系:(1)藻类浓度在0.4—0.8g/L时鲢、鳙分别增重1.55—7.41和0.78～6.21％;(2)藻类浓度在1.0—1.3g/L时鲢、鳙分别减重2.0—5.9和2.2—8.3％。0.8g/L为鲢、鳙滤食微囊藻的最大浓度。     

白洋淀附着藻类的初级生产力及其与水质的关系

附着藻类是湖泊中主要的生产者,尤其是草型湖泊。但与浮游藻类相比,针对附着藻类初级生产的研究还相对较少。采用原位调查与实验模拟相结合的方法测定2014—2015年间白洋淀附植藻类和附泥藻类的现存量和初级生产力,并对附着藻类初级生产与白洋淀水体理化参数的关系进行分析。结果表明,不同采样季节的附植藻类和附泥藻类的叶绿素a分别为34.83—245.22μg/cm~2和26.08—297.40μg/cm~2,无灰干重分别为0.46—5.21g/m~2和0.61—5.81g/m~2。两种附着藻类的生物量都在8月最高,4月和11月最低。空间分布上,南刘庄、府河入口的附着藻类生物量显著高于采蒲台和枣林庄。白洋淀附植藻类和附泥藻类的年均总初级生产分别为494.20mg C m~(-2)d~(-1)和474.45mg C m~(-2)d~(-1),呼吸速率为522.63mg C m~(-2)d~(-1)和508.98mg C m~(-2)d~(-1),净初级生产为-28.44mg C m~(-2)d~(-1)和-34.52mg C m~(-2)d~(-1)。白洋淀附着藻类初级生产力具有明显的时空分布规律,8月最高,6月次之,4月和11月最低,空间分布呈自西向东递减的趋势,在府河入淀口和南刘庄处最高,枣林庄和采蒲台最低。水质较好的区域的净初级生产力为正值,表明这些区域附着藻类以自养型群落为主,水质较差区域的净初级生产力为负值,则该区域以异养型群落为主。运用冗余分析法(RDA)探讨附着藻类与水质因子之间的关系,并采用向前引入法对水质因子进行逐步筛选,Monte Carlo置换检验结果显示,总磷、浮游植物叶绿素a、高锰酸盐指数、氨氮、水温、透明度、溶解氧和氮磷比是影响附着藻类生物量和初级生产的关键水质因子。附着藻类的总初级生产与水体富营养化程度呈正相关关系。     

毛枝藻对人工污水脱氮除磷能力的研究

文章探究了2株毛枝藻(Stigeoclonium sp.)SHY-370及HB1617在不同初始氨氮浓度以及不同氮磷比条件下的生长情况与氮磷去除能力。结果表明氨氮浓度对2株毛枝藻的生长及TP去除能力均有一定的影响, SHY-370可耐受最大氨氮浓度为10 mg/L, HB1617为5 mg/L;氨氮浓度为1—10 mg/L时SHY-370及HB1617对其去除率均达到97%以上,最大去除速率为3.98 mg/(L·d)。氮磷比对SHY-370的生长影响不大,但在氮磷比大于20时HB1617的生长受到抑制; SHY-370对NO_3~--N去除的最佳氮磷比为10—40, HB1617为2—10;氮磷比为2时水体中TP的含量超过了SHY-370及HB1617所能去除的最大值,去除率较低。实验结果表明SHY-370及HB1617在污水深度脱氮除磷方面具有一定的潜力,可考虑将其应用于城市生活污水二级出水(TN≤15 mg/L、TP≤0.5 mg/L、 NH_4~+-N≤5 mg/L)的深度处理。     

龙须菜(Gracilaria lemaneiformis)的生长、光合作用及其对扇贝排泄氮磷的吸收

研究了不同温度、光照条件下大型藻类龙须菜(Gracilaria lemaneiformis)的生长和光合作用特性,及其对扇贝排泄氮、磷的吸收作用。结果表明温度与龙须菜的生长和光合作用显著相关,在本实验条件下,15~25℃都适宜龙须菜生长,其中20℃龙须菜具有较高的生长率(SGR),为2·8%/d;光合作用速率随温度升高和光照的增加而升高,30℃和120μmol/(m2·s)时最高,最大光合作用速率(Pmax)为5·0mg O2/(g dw·h)。龙须菜对扇贝排泄氮、磷有较强的吸收作用,其吸收率和去除效率与放养密度和养殖时间有关。对NH4-N和PO4-P的最大去除效率分别为83·7%和70·4%,最大吸收率分别为9·9μmol/(g ww·h)和4·3μmol/(g ww·h)。实验证明龙须菜生长温度范围和光照范围适合中国北方海区养殖,并且能有效吸收和去除扇贝排泄氮、磷,可以作为生物滤器与贝类及其他养殖动物进行综合养殖。     

羊蹄植株的水培养以及对污水的净化作用研究

用武汉沙湖污水培养不同大小羊蹄植株,以观察羊蹄植株的生长状况,结果表明:湿生植物羊蹄完全可以悬浮生长于污水之中,且生长极好,当培养1d后可长大量新须根(0.3—0.5cm),培养到第12d可长须根23.5cm左右;测定其生物量时发现植株越大其生物量增加越大,但植株越小其净增加生物量越大(每克植物每天的增加量);当测定羊蹄对污水的蒸腾加蒸发量时,发现最大量达到420mL/d,12d总量达1820mL,由于羊蹄植株的作用使污水的透光率由96上升到99.1(自来水为100),即较浑浊的污水已变为几乎透明的清水,通过测定污水的污染指标发现,由于6号羊蹄植株的净化使污水COD由原来的49mg/L降为28mg/L、氨氮由原来的328mg/L降为82mg/L、磷由原来的2.931mg/L降为0.124mg/L,因此,本实验证明了羊蹄植株是治理污水的优良品种之一。       

杂色云芝产漆酶的发酵条件研究*

本文对杂色云芝（Coriolus versicolor）产漆酶的发酵条件作了研究。结果表明摇瓶实验产漆酶（Laccase）的最佳培养基成分为：可溶性淀粉 2g/L, NH4Cl 24mmol/L, 微量元素混合液 7ml/L, pH3.0柠檬酸—Na2HPO4缓冲溶液 0.01mol/L, KH2PO4 1.4×10-2 mol/L, MgSO4·7H2O 2.03×10-3mol/L, CaCl2·2H2O 6.8×10-4 mol/L, VB1 2.97×10-6 mol/L, 吐温80 4.0g/L, 愈创木酚0.01mmol/L, CuSO4 ·5H2O 0.005mmol/L,最佳发酵条件为培养基初始pH3.0, 菌体生长6d,培养基装量为250ml三角瓶中25ml培养液,25℃条件下振荡培养(150r/min)9d。     

1998～1999年春秋季渤海中部及其邻近海域叶绿素a浓度及初级生产力估算

根据 1 998年 9月和 1 999年 4月两次调查研究表明 :1 998年秋季 ,调查区 (37°N～ 41°N,1 1 7.5°E～1 2 2 .5°E)表层叶绿素 a浓度介于 0 .0 4 6～ 5.885 mg/ m3,平均为 1 .892 mg/ m3;1 999年春季介于 0 .1 70～8.0 92 mg/ m3,平均为 1 .62 1 mg/ m3。叶绿素 a的平面分布与历史资料相近月份的分布趋势基本一致 ,调查区南部是整个调查海区的高值区 ,而西部及渤海海峡在不同时期出现过高值 ,中央海区叶绿素 a的浓度都比较低。叶绿素 a浓度剖面分布在春季是从调查区西部、渤海中部到渤海海峡依次增高 ,而秋季刚好相反 ;从调查区南部、渤海中部到北部的变化趋势在春季和秋季都是依次降低的。在连续站进行的现场测量碳同化数介于 0 .2 63～ 4.649mg C/ (mg Chla· h)之间 ,平均值为 1 .91 6 mg C/ (mg Chla· h)。 1 998年秋季 ,调查区水柱初级生产力介于 1 0 .1～ 458.3 mg C/ (m2· d) ,平均为 1 63.6 mg C/ (m2· d) ,初级生产力的高值区位于海峡口附近。1 999年春季 ,介于 64.9～ 740 .6mg C/ (m2· d) ,平均为 32 3.7mg C/ (m2· d) ,初级生产力的高值区位于海峡口附近和黄河口附近。同历史资料相比 ,初级生产力有所下降。观测和模型的结果表明 ,渤海浮游植物生物量的分布与水文条件密切相关 ,而初     

底栖藻类对氮、磷去除效果研究

通过模拟实验探讨了污水处理中底栖藻类的群落结构、生长状况及其对氮(N)、磷(P)的去除能力。实验期间,被试藻类(丝状绿藻占优势)在污水中生长良好,培养5 d后收获的藻类生物量可达14.36±0.72 g;污水总氮(TN)、总磷(TP)含量分别由36.97±0.26 m g.L-1、2.88±0.02 m g.L-1降至1.44±0.09 m g.L-1、0.07±0.01 m g.L-1,对氨氮(NH4-N)和硝氮(NO3-N)的去除率亦达95%以上;藻体总凯氏氮(TKN)和TP含量分别为5.75±0.20%和1.5±0.22%。实验证明,底栖藻类对污水中的N、P营养有明显的去除效果,在污水的三级处理以及水体富营养化的防治方面具有较大的应用潜力。     

金属离子对酵母胞内核黄素产量的影响

研究了金属离子对脆壁酵母 (Saccharomycesefragilis)RY 5胞内核黄素积累的影响 ,运用均匀设计方法进行了培养基优化。结果表明 :Mg2 + ,Zn2 + ,Fe2 + 对RY 5的核黄素产量有着显著影响 ,培养基中金属离子的最佳浓度为 :MgSO4·7H2 O 1 .1g/L ;CoSO4·7H2 O 2 8mg/L ;CuSO4·5H2 O 0 .0 1mg/L ;MnCl2 0 .0 2mg/L ;ZnSO4·7H2 O 3 4mg/L ;FeSO4·7H2 O 1 4mg/L ,RY 5的核黄素产量可达 1 40mg/kg。     

苯酚对不同营养层次水生生物的急性毒性

利用静水致毒试验,获处苯酚对四种水生物的毒效应。由回归分析法计算出苯酚对月芽藻48hEbC_(50)为63.22mg/L;对F_2代短钝蚤72h的LC_(50)为2.09±0.24mg/L,对鲤鱼的LC_(50)48b、72h分别为18.52±0.10mg/L和18.87±0.12mg/L;对孔雀鱼的LC_(50)48h、72h分别为64.52±0.04mg/L和64.30±0.04mg/L。即苯酚对蚤的毒性最强、鲤鱼次之,再次为藻类,孔雀鱼最弱。苯酚对蚤的LC_(50)值随时间延长而下降,而对藻类E_0C_(50)则相反随时间延长而增大,但对鱼类的LC_(50)则随时间延长没有明显的变化。     

Curcuminoids as inhibitors of thioredoxin reductase: A receptor based pharmacophore study with distance mapping of the active site

Curcumin is the yellow pigment of turmeric that interacts irreversibly forming an adduct with thioredoxin reductase (TrxR), an enzyme responsible for redox control of cell and defence against oxidative stress. Docking at both the active sites of TrxR was performed to compare the potency of three naturally occurring curcuminoids, namely curcumin, demethoxy curcumin and bis-demethoxy curcumin. Results show that active sites of TrxR occur at the junction of E and F chains. Volume and area of both cavities is predicted. It has been concluded by distance mapping of the most active conformations that Se atom of catalytic residue SeCYS498, is at a distance of 3.56 from C13 of demethoxy curcumin at the E chain active site, whereas C13 carbon atom forms adduct with Se atom of SeCys 498. We report that at least one methoxy group in curcuminoids is necessary for interation with catalytic residues of thioredoxin. Pharmacophore of both active sites of the TrxR receptor for curcumin and demethoxy curcumin molecules has been drawn and proposed for design and synthesis of most probable potent antiproliferative synthetic drugs.     

A Unique Protease Cleavage Site Predicted in the Spike Protein of the Novel Pneumonia Coronavirus (2019-nCoV) Potentially Related to Viral Transmissibility

正Dear Editor,In December 2019, a novel human coronavirus caused an epidemic of severe pneumonia(Coronavirus Disease 2019,COVID-19) in Wuhan, Hubei, China(Wu et al. 2020; Zhu et al. 2020). So far, this virus has spread to all areas of China and even to other countries. The epidemic has caused 67,102 confirmed infections with 1526 fatal cases     

Comparative morphology of the carpel in the Liliaceae: Hewardieae, Petrosavieae, and Tricyrteae

The young pistils in the melanthioid tribes, Hewardieae, Petrosavieae and Tricyrteae, are uniformly tricarpellate and syncarpous. They lack raphide idioblasts. All are multiovulate, with bitegmic ovules. The Petrosavieae are marked by the presence of septal glands and incomplete syncarpy. Tepals and stamens adhere to the ovary in the Hewardieae and the Petrosavieae but not in the Tricyrteae. Two vascular bundles occur in the stamens of the Hewartlieae and Tricyrtis latifolia. Ventral bundles in the upper part of the ovary of the Hewardieae are continuous with compound septal bundles and placental bundles in the lower part. Putative ventral bundles occur in the alternate position in the Tricyrteae and putative placental bundles in the opposite. position in the Petrosavieae. The dichtomously branched stigma in each carpel of the Tricyrteae is supplied by a bifurcated dorsal bundle.     

Entwicklungsgeschichte und Ultrastruktur von Pollenkitt und Exine bei nahe verwandten entomophilen und anemophilen Angiospermensippen derAlismataceae,Liliaceae, Juncaceae,Cyperaceae, Poaceae undAraceae

Some closely related members of the monocotyledonous familiesAlismataceae, Liliaceae, Juncaceae, Cyperaceae, Poaceae andAraceae with variable modes of pollination (insect- and wind-pollination) were studied in relation to the ultrastructure of pollenkitt and exine (amount, consistency and distribution of pollenkitt on the surface of pollen grains). The character syndromes of pollen cementing in entomophilous, anemophilous and intermediate (ambophilous or amphiphilous) monocotyledons are the same in principal as in dicotyledons. Comparing present with former results one can summarize: 1) The pollenkitt is always produced in the same manner by the anther tapetum in all angiosperm sub-classes. 2) The variable stickiness of entomophilous and anemophilous pollen always depends on the particular distribution and consistency of the pollenkitt, but not its amount on the pollen surface. 3) The mostly dry and powdery pollen of anemophilous plants always contains a variable amount of inactive pollenkitt in its exine cavities. 4) A step-by step change of the pollen cementing syndrome can be observed from entomophily towards anemophily. 5) From the omnipresence of pollenkitt in all wind-pollinated angiosperms studied one can conclude that the ancestors of anemophilous angiosperms probably have been zoophilous (i.e. entomophilous) throughout.

     

Identification and Characterization of the First Equine Parainfluenza Virus 5

正Dear Editor,Parainfluenza virus 5 (PIV5), known as canine parainfluenza virus in the veterinary field, is a negative-sense,nonsegmented, single-stranded RNA virus belonging to the Paramyxoviridae family (Chen 2018). The virus was first reported in primary monkey kidney cells in 1954 (Hsiung1972), then it has been frequently discovered in various     

Pathogenic Characterization and Full Length Genome Sequence of a Reassortant Infectious Bursal Disease Virus Newly Isolated in Pakistan

<正>Dear Editor,Infectious bursal disease (IBD) is one of the most important diseases of the poultry. The IBD virus (IBDV), a nonenveloped virus belonging to the Birnaviridae family with a genome consisting of two segments of double-stranded RNA (segments A and B), targets B lymphocytes of bursa of Fabricious leading to immunosuppression. In Pakistan,poultry farming is the second biggest industry and IBD is the second biggest disease threating the poultry sector.However, there is limited genome information of IBDV