盾叶薯蓣中薯蓣皂甙元不同提取方法的比较

为提高盾叶薯蓣(Dioscorea zingiberensis C.H.Wright)中薯蓣皂甙元得率,在实验室条件下,以薯蓣皂甙元含量为评价指标,采用4因素4水平的正交试验,用高效液相色谱法对16种提取方法所得的薯蓣皂甙元含量进行了比较分析.结果表明,硫酸的浓度对薯蓣皂甙元含量有极显著影响,在实验室条件下,可采用10 g样品加2.0mol·L-1硫酸200 mL水解4 h,水解物用石油醚回流提取5 h,能快速准确提取盾叶薯蓣中的薯蓣皂甙元.     

湖南省薯蓣属植物资源研究初报

通过对湖南省薯蓣属植物资源的研究 ,初步弄清了该地区现有薯蓣属植物 2 7种及 2变种 ,同时对其分布及蕴藏量进行了分析 ,湘西及湘西北地区为湖南省薯蓣属植物资源的分布中心 ,而石门县为盾叶薯蓣分布的中心 ;并对薯蓣皂甙的含量加以了介绍 ,为综合开发利用这一资源提供了科学依据。     

盾叶薯蓣中薯蓣皂甙元提取新工艺的研究

为研究新工艺提取盾叶薯蓣薯蓣中薯蓣皂甙元的最佳实验指标,以薯蓣皂甙元得率为评价参数,采用6因素5水平的正交实验,用分光光度法对25种提取方法所得到的薯蓣皂甙元进行比较分析。结果表明,硫酸浓度对薯蓣皂甙元提取的影响最大,在实验室条件下,可采用20g样品加甲醇回流提取4h,回流速度为10min／次,用2．5mol／L的硫酸水解6h,120号溶剂汽油回流提取2h,回流速度为15min／次,能清洁快速提取盾叶薯蓣中的薯蓣皂甙元。     

中国C4植物的地理分布与生态学研究

通过调查记录了中国５３３种４０变种和３亚种具有Ｃ４光合作用的植物和８种Ｃ３－Ｃ４中间植物。它们隶属于１６０属２４科,其中４６属９７种、８变种和１亚种隶属于双子叶植物,１１４属４３６种、３２变 ２亚种隶属于单子叶植物。Ｃ４植物主要属于禾本科（９６属３２４种,３２变种和２亚种）,莎草科（１４属１０８种）,藜科（１３属３７种,７变种和１亚种）和苋科（３属１６种１亚种）。根据中国的温度气候（寒温带,冷温带     

盾叶薯蓣研究进展

对国内盾叶薯蓣资源概况、分布范围、生态环境、化学成分、品种选育、组织和细胞培养等研究现状进行评述.盾叶薯蓣是我国特有的甾体激素类药源植物,也是世界上薯蓣皂甙元含量最高的资源植物,广泛分布于北亚热带及中亚热带地区.适宜生长区为陕西南部和湖北武当山区,在海拔400～700m、年平均温度16～18℃、年降水量800～900mm、相对强光913～1004μmol·m-2·s-1之间的山地棕壤和山地黄壤等腐殖质深厚的近酸性土壤中生长较为适宜;由于其长期对环境条件的适应,形成了分化显著的生态型,并且在形态特征与遗传特性等方面表现显著,据此已选育出多个栽培品种;组织培养技术是进行种苗生产、品种培育的有效途径,也是工业化皂甙生产的有效途径;薯蓣皂甙主要分布于根状茎中,根状茎主要由周皮、基本组织和散生在基本组织中的维管束三部分组成,周皮细胞的分裂和体积增大使根状茎迅速生长,薯蓣皂甙主要分布于基本组织薄壁细胞中;影响盾叶薯蓣皂甙含量的因素主要有分布区、海拔、土壤、水分、温度、光照等环境因子,也有株间差异、生长时间、生育期、开花时间、根状茎水分含量及形态等自身因子.     

盾叶薯蓣营养器官薯蓣皂甙元含量的动态变化

利用高效液相色谱(HPLC)法对盾叶薯蓣营养器官特别是根状茎中薯蓣皂甙元含量的动态变化、品种之间的差异以及雌雄株之间的差异进行了研究。结果表明：实生苗根状茎中薯蓣皂甙元的含量,2年生高于1年生;根茎营养繁殖的2年生根状茎中皂甙元的含量高于1年生的含量;花叶品种的含量高于绿叶品种的含量;雄株的含量比雌株的含量高。在地上的缠绕茎和叶中没有检测到薯蓣皂甙元。由根茎繁殖的1年生根状茎前期皂甙元含量增加缓慢,后期增加较快;2年生根状茎盛花期含量最高,开花后期含量最低,随后含量逐渐增加。为此应在花叶品种中选择产量高、抗性强的品种作为栽培品种。合适的采挖期仍以地上缠绕茎枯萎期为宜。     

盾叶薯蓣营养器官薯蓣皂甙元含量的动态变化

利用高效液相色谱(HPLC)法对盾叶薯蓣营养器官特别造根状茎中薯蓣皂甙元含量的动态变化、品种之间的差异以及雌雄株之间的差异进行了研究。结果表明:实生苗根状茎中薯蓣皂甙元的含量,2年生高于1年生;根茎营养繁殖的2年生根状茎中皂甙元的含量高于1年生的含量;花叶品种的含量高于绿叶品种的含量;雄株的含量比雌株的含量高。在地上的缠绕茎和叶中没有检测到薯蓣皂甙元。由根茎繁殖的1年生根状茎前期皂甙元含量增加缓慢,后期增加较快;2年生根状茎盛花期含量最高,开花后期含量最低,随后含量逐渐增加。为此应在花叶品种中选择产量高、抗性强的品种作为栽培品种。合适的采挖期仍以地上缠绕茎枯萎期为宜。     

激素对盾叶薯蓣愈伤组织细胞生长和薯蓣皂甙元合成的调控

不同生长素对盾叶薯蓣 (DioscoreazingiberensisC .H .Wright)愈伤组织细胞生长量的影响差异是NAA >IAA >2 ,4 D ,而对薯蓣皂甙元合成的影响是 2 ,4 D >IAA >NAA。在有生长素存在的条件下 ,光照 2 4h ,另加 0 5mg LKT促进愈伤组织细胞的生长 ,而附加 0 5mg LBA促进薯蓣皂甙元的合成 ;相反 ,光照 12h ,另加 0 5mg LBA促进生长 ,附加 0 5mg LKT促进合成。愈伤组织生长越旺 ,薯蓣皂甙元积累越少。低浓度的生长素促进薯蓣皂甙元的合成。     

RP-HPLC法测定盾叶薯蓣细胞中薯蓣皂甙元的含量

本文采用KromasilC - 18柱 (2 5 0× 4 6mm ,5 μm ) ,甲醇∶水 =95∶5流动相 ,流速 1 0mL/min ,UV检测器 ,检测波长 2 0 8nm ,对培养的盾叶薯蓣细胞中的薯蓣皂甙元含量进行测定 ,能将薯蓣皂甙元与杂质分离开 ,薯蓣皂甙元在 3 876～ 19 38μg范围内峰面积与其浓度线性关系良好 (R =0 9993) ,样品平均回收率为97 83% ,精密度RSD为 0 2 1% (n =4 )。该法测定样品快速准确 ,重复性好     

内生镰刀菌Dzf17多糖对盾叶薯蓣培养物薯蓣皂苷元积累的促进作用(英文)

从盾叶薯蓣(Dioscorea zingiberensis)内生镰刀菌(Fusarium oxysporum)Dzf17制备出胞外多糖(EPS)、菌丝水提多糖(WPS)和菌丝碱提多糖(SPS),研究了这3种多糖对盾叶薯蓣幼苗和细胞培养物薯蓣皂苷元积累的影响。3种多糖中,菌丝水提多糖对盾叶薯蓣幼苗和细胞培养物薯蓣皂苷元的积累有最明显的促进作用。向培养基中添加20 mg/L的菌丝水提多糖培养盾叶薯蓣幼苗和细胞,薯蓣皂苷元的产率分别为10.04 mg/L和2.40mg/L,是对照的3.11倍和3.87倍。结果表明,可以利用内生镰刀菌Dzf17多糖有效提高盾叶薯蓣培养物中薯蓣皂苷元的产量。     

Diosgenin contents and DNA fingerprint screening of various yam (Dioscorea sp.) genotypes

In addition to the importance of many Dioscorea species (yams) as starchy staple food, some representatives are known and still used as a source for the steroidal sapogenin diosgenin, which, besides phytosterols derived from tall-oil, is an important precursor for partial synthesis of steroids for pharmaceutical research and applications. While in edible yams the diosgenin content should be as low as possible, a high yield of the compound is preferable for cultivars which are grown for the extraction of sterols. In the past, miscalculations and insufficiently precise techniques for quantification of diosgenin prevailed. Therefore we set out to re-evaluate the steroid content of a world collection of Dioscorea species, using leaves as sample material. We optimized diosgenin quantification techniques and fingerprinted the whole collection with the DNA amplification fingerprinting (DAF) technique. Total diosgenin contents ranged from 0.04 to 0.93% of dry weight within the collection. Several Dioscorea cultivars can be characterized via their DAF fingerprint patterns.     

穿龙薯蓣中薯蓣皂苷元含量的动态分析

目的：对穿龙薯蓣中薯蓣皂苷元的含量进行动态分析。方法：超临界CO2萃取技术提取,高效液相色谱法测定含量。结果：穿龙薯蓣根茎中花期薯蓣皂苷元含量最高为1．35％,枯萎期含量最低为1．03％。穿龙薯蓣地上部分不同生长时期均不合薯蓣皂苷元。结论：穿龙薯蓣根茎中花期薯蓣皂苷元含量最高,枯萎期含量最低。穿龙薯蓣地上部分不同生长时期均不合薯蓣皂苷元。     

水杨酸对菊叶薯蓣中薯蓣皂素生物合成的影响

薯蓣皂素为甾体激素药物合成起始原料,主要来源于菊叶薯蓣等薯蓣属植物的块茎或根状茎,因而关于提高菊叶薯蓣中薯蓣皂素含量的研究有重要意义。利用水杨酸处理菊叶薯蓣的离体植株,研究其对薯蓣皂素生物合成的影响及作用机制。100μmol·L－1的水杨酸处理使薯蓣皂素积累量最大,且提高了叶绿素含量和可溶性糖含量,降低可溶性蛋白含量。半定量 RT-PCR 检测基因表达发现,除了法尼基二磷酸（FPP）基因,水杨酸增强菊叶薯蓣角鲨烯合酶（SQS）基因、甲基戊二酰辅酶 A 还原酶（HMGR）基因、环阿屯醇合成酶（CAS）基因的表达。研究结果为提高菊叶薯蓣中薯蓣皂苷的含量、揭示水杨酸促进薯蓣皂素生物合成的机制等研究提供了基础。     

The Quantitative Analysis and Identification of Steroidal Sapogenins of the Dioscorea Plant

The results for the quantitative analysis and identification of steroidal sapo-genins of 16 species of Dioscorea rhizomes are given in Table 1. The amount of steroidal sapogenin varies from 0.073%–5.93%, its highest content of diosgenin is 5.93% in D. zingiberensis C. H. Wright. 2. The results observed from paper chromatography, thin layer chromatography and gas-liquid chromatography revealed that except the sapogenin of D. chingii Pr. and Br. is similar to tokorogenin, all other sapogenins after recrystallization yield a spot identical to diosgenin or yamogenin. Meanwhile, in most Dioscorea sample, a spot identical to △ 3, 5-diene-25D-spirostane was shown by using thin layer chromatography and gas-liquid chromatography. (Table 2). 3. The results observed from infrared spectrum and gas-liquid chromatography revealed that the sapogenins of D. collettii, Hook. f; D. collettii. Hook, f. var. hypoglauca, Pei and Ting. and D. tokoro Makino. contained 25L-spirostane. (A900≤ A920 cm-1).     

药源植物盾叶薯蓣甾体皂苷及皂苷元的研究进展

盾叶薯蓣是重要的甾体激素类药源植物,其根茎中薯蓣皂苷元含量居薯蓣属植物之冠,为我国的特有种。为了寻找高含量的资源、筛选新的生理活性成分,多年来我国学者做了大量的研究工作。主要概括了盾叶薯蓣的资源分布、薯蓣皂苷元的提取工艺、化学成分、药理、含量测定等方面的研究。     

黄姜中薯蓣皂甙元的提取及定性定量分析

对黄姜中提取的薯蓣皂甙元进行红外和紫外可见波谱扫描,与标准品谱图对比分析,可知提取出的皂甙元与薯蓣皂甙元标准品有相同的结构。用分光光度法测定黄姜中薯蓣皂甙元的含量,以香荚兰醛-高氯酸-冰醋酸的加入顺序,在80℃水浴中加热15min,显色30min后,在542nm处测定吸收值能达到最佳值,最后得出皂甙元含量为2.27%,RSD为1.1%,回收率在97.2%~98.8%之间。     

镰刀菌诱导子对盾叶薯蓣离体培养物中薯蓣皂素合成的影响

研究了镰刀菌(Fusarium solani)诱导子对盾叶薯蓣离体培养物中薯蓣皂素合成的影响。结果表明:当培养基中诱导子糖含量达到30 mg GE/L时能使薯蓣皂素的含量明显提高;薯蓣皂素含量的最大值出现在镰刀菌诱导子处理后的第35 d,达到对照的2倍左右;盾叶薯蓣离体培养物PPO、SOD活性以及可溶性蛋白含量在添加诱导子后呈现一定的规律性变化。     

Novel effects of diosgenin on skin aging

Extracts of Dioscorea coomposita or Dioscorea villosa are consumed as supplemental health foods at the time of climacteric. The extracts contain large amounts of the plant steroid, diosgenin. Here, we studied the safety and efficacy of diosgenin against skin aging at the time of climacteric. In vitro, diosgenin enhanced DNA synthesis in a human 3D skin equivalent model, and increased bromodeoxyuridine uptake and intracellular cAMP level in adult human keratinocytes. The increase of bromodeoxyuridine uptake by diosgenin was blocked by an adenylate cyclase inhibitor, but not by antisense oligonucleotides against estrogen receptor α, estrogen receptor β or an orphan G-protein-coupled receptor, GPR30, indicating the involvement of cAMP but not estrogen receptor α, estrogen receptor β or GPR30. In vivo, administration of diosgenin improved the epidermal thickness in the ovariectomized mice, a climacteric model, without altering the degree of fat accumulation. In order to examine the safety of diosgenin, diosgenin and 17β-estradiol were administered to breast cancer-burdened mice. The results revealed that while 17β-estradiol accelerated the tumor growth, diosgenin did not show this effect. Our finding, a restoration of keratinocyte proliferation in aged skin, suggests that diosgenin may have potential as a safe health food for climacteric.     

Direct Biotransformation of Dioscin into Diosgenin in Rhizome of Dioscorea zingiberensis by Penicillium dioscin

Diosgenin is an important precursor for synthesis of more than 200 steroidal hormone medicines. Rhizome of Dioscorea zingiberensis C. H. Wright (RDZ) contained the highest content of diosgenin in Dioscorea plant species. Diosgenin is traditionally extracted by acid hydrolysis from RDZ. However, the acid hydrolysis process produces massive wastewater which caused serious environment pollution. In this study, diosgenin extraction by direct biotransformation with Penicillium dioscin was investigated. The spawn cultivation conditions were optimized as: Czapeks liquid culture medium without sugar and agar (1,000 ml) + 6.0 g dioscin/6.0 g DL, 30 °C, 36 h; solid fermentation of RDZ: mycelia/RDZ of 0.05 g/kg, 30 °C, 50 h; the yield of diosgenin was over 90 %. Spawn cultivation was crucial for the direct biotransformation. In the spawn cultivation, amount and ratio of dioscin/DL were the key factors to promote biotransformation activity of P. dioscin. This biotransformation method was environment-friendly, simple and energy saving, and might be a potential substitute for acid hydrolysis in diosgenin extraction industry.     

Improved diosgenin production in Dioscorea deltoidea cell cultures by immobilization in polyurethane foam

Dioscorea deltoidea Wall (Dioscoreaceae) cell cultures were entrapped by passive invasion into reticulate polyurethane foam cubes. Immobilization of cells grown in medium containing 3% sucrose reduced the lag phase in growth and thereby reduced the time required to reach maximum diosgenin concentration by 36% compared to cells in suspension culture. Immobilization also increased the total diosgenin produced by 40%. Increased efficiency in diosgenin production was greatest in 3% sucrose; higher concentrations inhibited diosgenin production.