异源单克隆和多克隆抗体在检测无病毒唐菖蒲试管苗中的应用

利用异源的单克隆抗体和多克隆抗体通过间接酶联免疫吸附试验,检测了深圳唐菖蒲的叶组织、块茎和试管苗中的病毒。单克隆抗体检测教果优于多克隆抗体,并与电镜观察结果相符。在间接酶联免疫吸附试验中,同源多克隆抗体对烟草花叶病毒(TMV)检测的灵敏度比侵染性试验高30倍。 同时对该方法在大规模检测其它无病毒试管苗中的重要性和可行性进行了讨论。     

应用抗体捕捉ELISA法测定病毒特异性IgM抗体

本文以测定麻疹IgM抗体为模型,研究了应用抗体捕捉酶联免疫吸附法(Antibody capture ELISA简称ACELISA)测定病毒性疾病特异性IgM抗体的实验条件,结果表明;用于包被的抗μ链抗体、抗原,检测抗体的剂量对所测得的标本OD值都有不同程度的影响,其中以抗原的影响最大,不同株单克隆抗体(McAb)作检测抗体效果也有差别,最佳株与多克隆抗体(PcAb)相似,以本方法测定麻疹IgM抗体的敏感性和特异性很高,并不受类风湿因子的干扰。     

金玉兰酶制剂(β-内酰胺酶)抗体制备及初步应用

以金玉兰酶制剂(β-内酰胺酶)为抗原,制备出对β-内酰胺酶特异的多克隆抗体和单克隆抗体,并进行了抗体纯化和特性分析。采用Tas-ELISA,初步对牛奶中的β-内酰胺酶进行了检测。结果表明利用该检测体系可实现对牛奶中β-内酰胺酶的检测,并且该体系灵敏度高,特异性强,重复性好。     

除草剂2,4-D特异性多克隆抗体的制备及鉴定

目的是制备特异性的2,4-D多克隆抗体.用活性酯和混合酸酐法将半抗原2,4-D分别与牛血清白蛋白(BSA)和卵清蛋白(OVA)共价偶联;以2,4-D-BSA作免疫原免疫两只新西兰白兔;以2,4-D-OVA包被96孔酶标板,用间接酶联免疫吸附分析(ELISA)法检测抗血清效价和竞争性ELISA法检测2,4-D.结果显示2,4-D与BSA和OVA的偶联比率分别为32∶1和18∶1,抗血清效价＞6.4×105,在优化条件下2,4-D的最低检测限达37ng/mL.实验成功地制备了2,4-D特异性多克隆抗体,为其ELISA方法的建立提供了条件.     

抗埃博拉病毒核蛋白抗体的制备与双抗夹心ELISA检测方法的建立

目的:制备抗埃博拉病毒核蛋白(EBOV NP)单克隆抗体和多克隆抗体,建立针对EBOV NP的ELISA检测方法。方法:以重组EBOV NP免疫动物并制备多克隆抗体和单克隆抗体。在此基础上,通过优化抗体浓度、包被液等条件建立检测EBOV NP的双抗夹心ELISA方法。结果:制备出了兔多克隆抗体,筛选出2株可分泌单克隆抗体的鼠源杂交瘤细胞株。Western blot实验结果表明兔多抗与鼠单抗的结合区域均为N端1~35氨基酸。通过优化,建立了针对EBOV NP的双抗夹心ELISA检测方法。其线性范围是31.2~1 000 ng/ml,最低检测限为2.6 ng/ml。结论:制备出了抗EBOV核蛋白的高特异性多克隆抗体和单克隆抗体,建立了定量检测EBOV核蛋白的方法。     

从免疫及天然噬菌体抗体库中筛选抗rP27Kip1单链抗体的研究

用重组p27Kip1蛋白(rP27Kip1) 免疫小鼠,从免疫和未经免疫的小鼠脾脏抽提mRNA并扩增小鼠H链(H链)及L链(L链)基因,分别组装成单链可变区片段(ScFv)基因,构建噬菌体免疫抗体库及天然抗体库. 文库仅经一轮抗原-抗体亲和筛选后,用TaqⅠ/HinfⅠ酶切分析转化子. 获自免疫抗体库的64个克隆中,有11个克隆的酶切片段相同,而天然抗体库的64个克隆的片段则都彼此不同,但有1个克隆的酶切片段与免疫抗体库的11个克隆酶切片段相同. 将这些酶切图谱相同的重组片段分别克隆入原核表达载体pET28b(+),并在大肠杆菌(E. coli)中表达,表达产物经ELISA分析,证实可特异结合rP27Kip1抗原,一方面说明在抗体筛选过程中辅以酶切图谱分析,可以有效提高筛选效率,另一方面,也说明从噬菌体抗体库筛选特异性抗体是制备单克隆抗体(McAb)的理想途径之一.     

蛋白质谷氨酰胺酶成熟肽基因mpg原核表达及其多克隆抗体的制备

蛋白质谷氨酰胺酶(Protein-glutaminase,简称PG)是一种新型蛋白质脱酰胺酶,在蛋白质改性领域具有广阔的应用前景。但是,目前关于蛋白质谷氨酰胺酶的测定方法主要是通过苯酚-次氯酸盐反应测定铵离子含量指示蛋白质谷氨酰胺酶的酶活,该方法精确度和灵敏度有限。因此,利用原核表达系统表达解朊金黄杆菌(Chryseobacterium proteolyticum)分泌的蛋白质谷氨酰胺酶成熟肽基因mpg,纯化后制备其多克隆抗体用于检测解朊金黄杆菌分泌的蛋白质谷氨酰胺酶的含量。首先以解朊金黄杆菌基因组为模板扩增出成熟肽基因mpg,将其与pET32a载体连接构建重组质粒pET32a-mpg,转化至大肠杆菌BL21(DE3)。在25℃条件下,经异丙基-β-D-硫代半乳糖苷(IPTG)诱导6 h,目的蛋白表达量最高、呈可溶性蛋白。通过Ni-NTA柱纯化的重组蛋白mPG-His_6,将其作为抗原,免疫新西兰白兔制备多克隆抗体。间接酶联免疫法检测其效价,所得抗体效价为1∶5 000。蛋白质免疫印迹实验结果说明,该多克隆抗体特异性良好。最后使用该多克隆抗体对解朊金黄杆菌的发酵上清液进行蛋白质免疫印迹反应,检测天然蛋白质谷氨酰胺酶,结果表明该抗体特异性良好,可用于检测解朊金黄杆菌分泌的蛋白质谷氨酰胺酶,为深入研究蛋白质谷氨酰胺酶的生物学功能、建立蛋白质谷氨酰胺酶高产菌株的高通量筛选方法奠定了基础。     

检测乙肝表面抗原夹心法中使用不同抗体的对比配伍研究

在提高乙型肝炎表面抗原（ＨＢｓＡｇ）酶联免疫诊断盒灵敏度的研究中对包被抗体、酶标记用抗体作了大量的筛选、对比实验。结果表明,包被单克隆抗体配伍酶标记山羊或豚鼠多克隆抗体可使乙肝表面抗原检测灵敏度达到０．２ｎｇ,超过中国药品生物制品检定所要求的１ｎｇ批批检合格标准,同时,特异性及变异系数均合乎要求,从而提高了试剂盒的质量。这一研究结果对提高其它以夹心法为原理的检测灵敏度有重要意义。     

MDCK细胞宿主蛋白含量双抗体夹心ELISA检测方法的建立

目的建立检测犬肾细胞(madin-darby canine kidney, MDCK)宿主细胞蛋白(host cell protein, HCP)含量的双抗体夹心ELISA。方法从MDCK细胞中提取细胞总蛋白,免疫新西兰兔制备兔抗MDCK细胞蛋白多克隆抗体,抗体经辛酸-硫酸铵沉淀和Protein A层析纯化后,采用SDS-PAGE分析抗体纯度,Western blot检测抗体特异性。用纯化的多克隆抗体作为包被抗体,并采用改良过碘酸钠标记法制备酶标抗体,建立ELISA并确定包被抗体浓度和辣根过氧化物酶(HRP)标记抗体稀释度等最适条件。确定该方法较佳的线性范围及检测限,并对该法特异性、准确度、精密性和重复性进行验证。最后,用该方法分别对接种流感病毒的MDCK细胞上清收获液和纯化样品进行MDCK细胞蛋白含量检测,初步验证其在纯化工艺开发中的适用性。结果通过免疫新西兰兔制备了高滴度的兔抗MDCK细胞蛋白多克隆抗体血清,滴度可达1∶8 000。纯化后的兔抗MDCK细胞蛋白多克隆抗体纯度>90%,并可与MDCK细胞蛋白特异性结合。建立的双抗体夹心ELISA的理想包被抗体质量浓度为10μg/mL,酶标抗体的工作浓度为1∶500稀释。该方法的线性范围为50~2 500 ng/mL,检测限为50 ng/mL;该方法对Vero细胞、293T细胞和Mrc-5细胞等其他细胞HCP无交叉反应,特异性良好;不同浓度的MDCK细胞HCP回收率在98.5%~111.9%之间,变异系数均<10%。接种流感病毒的MDCK细胞培养上清经多步纯化后MDCK细胞蛋白质量浓度逐渐降低至<900 ng/mL,纯化工艺可有效去除MDCK细胞蛋白残留。结论建立双抗体夹心ELISA检测MDCK细胞残余HCP含量的方法,可用于基于MDCK细胞培养的流感疫苗下游工艺开发中宿主细胞残留HCP含量监测。     

大肠杆菌FtsZ蛋白原核表达及多克隆抗体的制备与鉴定

为制备特异性抗大肠杆菌丝状热敏蛋白Z(Escherichia coli filamentous thermosensitive protein Z,Ec-FtsZ)多克隆抗体,将Ec-FtsZ基因进行化学合成后连接pET-22b(+)表达载体,构建重组质粒Ec-FtsZ-pET-22b(+)。将重组质粒转化到大肠杆菌E.coli BL21(DE3)中进行Ec-FtsZ原核表达与表达条件优化,以HisTrap层析柱进行Ec-FtsZ的分离纯化,再以孔雀绿法进行Ec-FtsZ GTPase(Guanosine triphosphatase)活性测定。使用纯化的Ec-FtsZ为抗原免疫大鼠制备多克隆抗体,经酶联免疫吸附测定实验(Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay,ELISA)、Western blotting实验和免疫荧光实验鉴定,抗Ec-FtsZ多克隆抗体效价可达1∶256 000且具有良好的抗原特异性。抗Ec-FtsZ多克隆抗体的成功制备为Ec-FtsZ生物学功能研究和生化检测奠定了实验基础。     

Antibodies Raised Against Synthetic Peptides React with Choline Acetyltransferase in Various Immunoassays and in Immunohistochemistry

Abstract: Antisera were raised in rabbits against five synthetic peptides. These peptides have been identified as potentially antigenic epitopes from the sequence of porcine choline acetyltransferase (ChAT) using primary and secondary structure analysis. All five antisera recognized immunoaffinity-purified antigen from porcine brain in an ELISA and on western blots. Four antisera recognized ChAT on dot blots, and another four antisera reacted with native and degraded enzyme in a sandwich ELISA using monoclonal antibodies as the capture antibody. One peptide antiserum was of similar avidity in this sandwich ELISA as a polyclonal antibody raised against immunoaffinity-purified ChAT. The same antiserum reacted with the enzyme from human placenta in an ELISA and on western and dot blots and recognized ChAT in rat, primate, and human neurons. Thus, a single peptide (amino acids 168- 189) provides the means for easy, reliable, and reproducible generation of antibodies against ChAT suitable for replacing conventional polyclonal and monoclonal antibodies.     

Syngeneic anti-idiotypic monoclonal antibodies against an anti-human chorionic gonadotrophin antibody

Monoclonal antibody designated 1B10 (Mab 1B10) has been shown to be highly specific for the beta-chain of human chorionic gonadotrophin (HCG). We used this antibody to investigate its paratope using anti-idiotypic antibodies. Purified Mab 1B10 has been used to immunize syngeneic BALB/c mice to produce anti-idiotypic monoclonal antibodies. An enzyme immunoassay (ELISA) on Mab 1B10 coated plate was employed to screen the supernatants of growing hybridomas. The specificity of each antibody selected was assessed using an inhibition ELISA and immunoblotting. Monoclonal antibodies belonging to two categories were selected. (a) Those (designated Mab 4F8 and Mab 7G9) recognizing epitopes of the Ig molecule located in/or near the antigen-binding site of Mab 1B10. In ELISA these antibodies were shown to inhibit in a dose-dependent manner, the reaction of Mab 1B10 with its specific antigen; (b) those (Mab 2B8, Mab 3B8) reacting with epitopes located outside of the antigen binding site of the antiHCG antibody molecule and did not influence the reactions of Mab 1B10 and its antigen. Following immunization of syngeneic BALB/c mice monoclonal antibodies (Mab 4F8, Mab 7G9) were produced which recognized epitopes located on the variable region of Mab 1B10 since they did not react with other marine monoclonal antibodies of the same isotype. These antibodies inhibited the binding of Mab 1B10 to its corresponding epitope on the molecule of HCG and they can be defined as syngeneic anti-idiotypic antibodies.     

抗人beta-HCG单克隆抗体的制备及化学发光 检测方法的建立

目的：制备人绒毛膜促性腺激素（beta-HCG）单克隆抗体,建立人beta-HCG双抗体夹心CLIA 检测方法。方法：用人beta-HCG 抗原 免疫小鼠,通过细胞融合、筛选后得到杂交瘤细胞株,然后将细胞株扩大培养并纯化上清液获得抗体,测定抗体亲和力、特异性及 表位,最后建立双抗体夹心CLIA方法。结果：获得4 株抗人茁-HCG的杂交瘤细胞株(beta-1-1、beta-2-1、beta-3-1、beta-4-1)。用beta-1-1 和 beta-2-1 建立的双抗体夹心法的检测范围为0.5 mIU/mL-800 mIU/mL,灵敏度0.23 mIU/mL,检测结果的相对偏差均在± 10 %内,回 收率在90 %以上。结论：本研究最终成功制备了抗人beta-HCG mAb,建立了定量检测人beta-HCG 的双抗体夹心CLIA 方法,为 beta-HCG 检测及疾病的诊断奠定基础。     

抗HLJ1单克隆抗体的制备及抗原检测方法的建立

为制备抗人肝脏DnaJ-like蛋白(Human liver DnaJ-like protein, HLJ1)的单克隆抗体, 并建立免疫组化和双抗体夹心ELISA检测HLJ1的方法。采用淋巴细胞杂交瘤技术, 获得两株能稳定分泌抗HLJ1单克隆抗体的杂交瘤细胞株A4C7和 C4C8。经鉴定, 两株单抗的亚类均为IgG1, 并且效价高、特异性好。以单抗A4C7和C4C8作为一抗, 对人胎肝组织石蜡切片进行免疫组化染色, 结果表明, 两株单抗均为阳性染色, 且HLJ1主要定位于胎肝细胞的胞浆。选取A4C7进行HRP酶标记, 并以HRP- A4C7作为酶标抗体, 以C4C8作为包被抗体, 建立双抗体夹心ELISA方法, 并进行棋盘滴定确定抗体的最佳工作浓度。该检测方法的线性范围是15~750 ng/mL, 灵敏度下限达15 ng/mL, 特异性良好。所建立的免疫组化和双抗体夹心ELISA 法可用于快速、灵敏地检测组织及血清中的HLJ1蛋白, 为HLJ1的肿瘤相关性研究提供了有力的工具。     

HIV感染早期病毒p24蛋白的检测

目的:建立敏感、特异的检测血清中HIV-p24蛋白的方法,作为HIV感染早期即窗口期的监测手段。方法:用纯化的p24蛋白免疫小鼠及家兔,获得单克隆及多克隆抗体,经DEAE-52阴离子交换柱纯化后,标记辣根过氧化物酶,建立ELISA双抗体夹心及间接双抗体夹心方法,检测HIV-p24蛋白。结果:包被单抗、标记多抗或包被多抗、标记单抗,均能特异地检出系列稀释的p24蛋白,包被混合单抗较包被多抗更敏感;经标记的抗种属抗体放大可明显提高检测的敏感性。结论:建立了敏感、特异的检测p24蛋白的双抗体夹心法,间接放大方法可检出50pg/mL的HIV-p24蛋白,检测敏感性与国际同类产品相似。     

用硫氰酸盐洗脱法直接测定噬菌体抗体的相对亲和力

抗体与相应抗原的结合可以被硫氰酸盐洗脱而解离,抗体的亲和力越高则解离所需要的硫氰酸盐浓度就越大,这一原理在传统的免疫学实验中被用来测定单克隆抗体或多克隆抗体的相对亲和力。如果证明该原理同样适用于噬菌体抗体库技术,则可以建立一种直接测定噬菌体抗体相对亲和力的简便方法。首先将噬菌体抗体与工作浓度的硫氰酸盐共孵育,以证明这一过程并不影响其后的ELISA反应,然后参照硫氰酸盐洗脱法测定完整抗体分子和Fab段相对亲和力的方法,在ELISA实验中以酶标抗M13为二抗检测了5个单克隆噬菌体抗体的相对亲和力,并与相对应的可溶性Fab段的相对亲和力进行了比较。被测抗体中包括3个克隆的抗角蛋白抗体和2个克隆的抗乙型肝炎表面抗原抗体。结果发现,用硫氰酸盐洗脱法测定5个噬菌体抗体所得到的亲和力排序与测定其相应可溶性Fab段所得结果一致,表明硫氰酸盐洗脱法可作为一种简便快速的方法用来直接测定噬菌体抗体的相对亲和力。     

Polyclonal Antibodies to the Bacterially Expressed Coat Protein of Faba Bean Necrotic Yellows Virus

Specific rabbit polyclonal antibodies against bacterially expressed coat protein of Faba bean necrotic yellows virus (FBNYV, genus Nanovirus) were produced using a recombinant DNA approach. The FBNYV capsid protein (CP) gene located on component 5 was cloned in an expression vector pQE‐9 (Qiagen, QIAGEN Inc., Chatswortch, CA91311, USA). Expression of the CP with an N‐terminal hexahistidine tag in Escheri‐ chia coli M15 cells was induced by adding isopropyl‐3‐D ‐1‐thiogalactoside (IPTG) to a final concentration of 2 mM . About 8 mg of bacterially expressed CP (BE‐CP) was purified from 1 litre of bacterial liquid culture using a Ni‐NTA resin column (Qiagen). The expressed CP which migrated as a protein of approximately 23 kDa in sodium dodecyl sulphate (SDS)‐polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (PAGE) was identified by its strong reaction with polyclonal antibodies produced against FBNYV particles and 2‐5H9 FBNYV‐monoclonal in Western blots. Expressed and purified CP (SDS‐PAGE 23 kDa band) was injected into a white rabbit, using seven intramuscular injections at weekly intervals. The antiserum produced was evaluated for FBNYV detection in double antibody sandwich (DAS)‐enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), triple antibody sandwich (TAS)‐ELISA, tissue blot immunoassay (TBIA), dot blot, Western blot and goat antimouse coating (GAMC)‐ELISA using 13 different FBNYV monoclonal antibodies. The antiserum raised against the BE‐CP gave strong FBNYV‐specific TBIA reactions and very weak background reactions with non‐infected tissue, similar to those produced by monoclonal antibodies. Furthermore, BE‐CP polyclonal antibody reacted weakly with FBNYV‐infected tissue and strongly with BE‐CP in DAS‐ELISA, but not with FBNYV‐infected tissue in TAS‐ELISA when 13 detecting monoclonal antibodies were used. In addition, BE‐CP polyclonal antibody reacted strongly with BE‐CP in TAS‐ELISA only when 2‐5H9 detecting monoclonal was used. When monoclonals were used as primary antibody and BE‐CP polyclonal as detecting antibody (GAMC‐ELISA), FBNYV‐infected tissue gave moderate reactions with 2‐5H9 and strong reactions with 3‐2E9 monoclonal, whereas BE‐CP gave equally strong reactions with both monoclonals. These results showed that the BE‐CP polyclonal antibody is useful for the detection of FBNYV in infected tissue by TBIA and dot blot tests.     

混合单克隆抗体在固相ELISA双夹心法中的应用研究

在进行固相ELISA双夹心法时,要选择两种配对的单克隆抗体(McAb)殊非易事。本文用不同McAb的混合物与另一种McAb进行配对夹心,获得了较好的效果。实验表明,在心肌肌球蛋白轻链(CM—LC)的固相ELISA双夹心体系中,以抗CM-LCMcAb(1G6)铺底,(2B4及2F6)混合物为后续复盖抗体,最低检出量可低达10ng/mL,其检出率较单独2B4或单独2F6作为后续复盖抗体者高5—10倍。而若反之,以(2B4及2F6)混合物铺底,1G6作为后续复盖抗体,则其最低检出量竟高至200ng/mL,还不如以其中之一铺底为佳。在人绒毛膜促性腺激素(HCG)的检测体系中,用多克隆抗体与单克隆抗体配对的研究中,也获得了类似的实验结果。     

人心肌肌钙蛋白Ⅰ单克隆抗体及多克隆抗体的制备

目的:以重组人心肌肌钙蛋白Ⅰ(cTnⅠ)为抗原制备鼠源单克隆抗体(McAb)及兔源多克隆抗体,并鉴定抗体的特性。方法:以纯化的重组人cTnⅠ为抗原免疫BALB/c小鼠,取鼠脾细胞同Sp2/0骨髓瘤细胞融合,利用选择培养基筛选融合的杂交瘤细胞,用有限稀释法分离获得能够稳定分泌抗cTnⅠ的McAb阳性克隆,并利用体内诱生法大规模制备McAb,用辛酸-硫酸铵沉淀法纯化抗体;兔多抗制备以cTnⅠ为抗原常规免疫后取其血清;用间接ELISA和Western印迹鉴定抗体的性质。结果:经ELISA鉴定,筛选出5株能分泌cTnⅠMcAb的杂交瘤细胞株,即C5B2、C5B3、C5B4、C5B1、B1A6,效价最高的B1A6株分泌的McAb为IgG3型,纯化后效价为1∶10000,亲和常数为1.08×10-9mol/L,Western印迹鉴定表明cTnⅠMcAb有良好的特异性;兔多抗纯化后的效价为1∶8000。结论:制备了具有良好特性的cTnⅠMcAb和多克隆抗体。     

Monoclonal Antibodies for Detection and Serotyping of Cucumber Mosaic Virus

Two monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) to cucumber mosaic virus (CMV) were selected from a panel of MAbs for use in the direct DAS (double antibody sandwich)-ELISA. Two different test procedures were developed: an ELISA with polyclonal and monoclonal antibodies (mixed ELISA) for the routine detection of CMV and a MAb-ELISA with two MAbs directed against different epitopes for the specific detection of the N serotype which is prevalent in GDR. The conventional two-step incubation of plates precoated with IgG was compared with simultaneous incubation of test sample and labelled antibody (one-step incubation). The mixed ELISA proved to be more sensitive than the direct DAS-ELISA with polyclonal antisera in detecting CMV in crude sap of infected plants. On the other hand, the MAb-ELISA could be used for serotyping of CMV isolates which is important in epidemiological investigations and in resistance breeding. Both the two-step and the one-step procedures gave similar results with some advantages of the latter procedure. One-step incubation is not only time-saving but seems to be also more sensitive with regard to the detection limit. However, care must be taken to circumvent the hook-effect occurring at high virus concentrations.