甲醇抑制时重组毕赤酵母发酵的特性研究

本文对毕赤酵母进行了恒化培养研究。以甲醇为唯一碳源时,在稀释率较低时(D<0.048 h^-1),连续培养系统操作很稳定。但在稀释率高时(D>0.048h^-1),连续培养系统的定态点不止一个,实验不能维持,故采用比生长速率恒定的分批流加培养进行研究。结果表明,毕赤酵母的生长符合Andrew普遍化底物抑制模型。综合考虑水蛭素的生成、底物的消耗,在生产中维持甲醇浓度为限制性浓度(0.5 g/L),且维持比生长速率为0.02 h^-1时,水蛭素Hir65的比生成速率达到最大值0.2 mg/(g·h)且甲醇的比消耗速率为0.04 g/(g·h)。     

氨离子浓度对重组毕赤酵母的生长和血管生长抑制素表达的影响*

本研究采用流加补料培养方式培养重组巴斯德毕赤酵母（Pichia pastoris）,表达血管生长抑制素（Angiostatin）。整个培养过程分为以甘油为碳源的生长阶段和以甲醇为碳源的诱导阶段。全过程用氨水调节pH时,诱导阶段菌体生长受到抑制,蛋白的最大表达量为9.08mg/L。进行不同氨离子浓度的摇瓶培养,证实在以甲醇为碳源时,氨离子浓度对菌体的生长有明显的影响。高密度培养中改用 2 mol/L的 KOH溶液调节 pH,诱导阶段菌体有缓慢的生长,蛋白最大表达量增为20mg/L。     

不同甲醇流加策略对重组毕赤酵母高密度发酵生产水蛭素的影响

考察了不同甲醇流加策略对毕赤酵母高密度发酵生产水蛭素的影响。溶氧控制法不能有效地防止甲醇的过量流加。气相色谱离线检测法虽然防止了甲醇流加过量,但甲醇浓度的波动较大。利用甲醇传感器在线检测控制甲醇的流加可维持较恒定的甲醇浓度。在流加甲醇的同时,以限制性速率流加甘油可以增加表达期间的能量供应,提高产物的表达量。经优化后,采用甲醇甘油混合流加时细胞干重达到162g/L,水蛭素活性达到24×10⁴ATU/mL,即1.7 g/L。      

重组巴氏毕赤酵母恒化培养动力学及代谢迁移特性研究

通过对甲醇营养型毕赤酵母基因工程菌以碳源甘油为限制性基质进行恒化培养动力学试验 ,结果认为 :(1 )细胞光密度与其干、湿重呈线性关系 ,当细胞光密度 (OD60 0 )为 1 0 0时细胞湿重 (WCW)为 1 2 8 3g L ,细胞干重 (WDW)则为 2 2 9g L ;(2 )基因工程菌P .pastoris的生长与限制性基质甘油残留浓度的关系符合Monod关系式 ,通过 1 μ对 1 S进行线性回归得 μmax=0 .366h- 1,Ks=0 .1 82 3g L ,经参数推导甘油最大菌体得率系数YG =0 .54g g ,菌体维持生长消耗底物系数m =0 .0 0 69g (g·h) ;氧最大菌体系数YX O2 =30 .96g moL ,菌体维持生长时消耗氧系数mO2 =0 .0 0 0 8mol (g·h) ,最适理论稀释速率Dm =0 .341h- 1;(3)从氨水的消耗速率和呼吸商 (RQ)的变化认为随着比生长速率 (μ)的增大 ,甘油代谢流从糖原异生和磷酸戊糖途径线性地向糖酵解和三羧酸循环途径进行代谢迁移 ,即糖酵解和三羧酸循环途径的代谢流量在线性地增大     

氨离子浓度对重组毕赤酵母的生长和血管生长抑制素表达的影响

本研究采用流加补料培养方式培养重组巴斯德毕赤酵母（Pichia pastoris）,表达血管生长抑制素（Angiostatin）。整个培养过程分为甘油为碳源的生长阶段和以甲醇为碳源的诱导阶段。全过程用氨水调节pH时,诱导阶段菌体生长受到抑制,蛋白的最大表达量为9.08mg/L。进行不同氨离子浓度的摇瓶培养,证实在以甲醇为碳源时,氨离子浓度对菌体的生长有明显的影响。高密度培养中改用2mol/L的KOH溶液调节pH,诱导阶段菌体有缓慢的生长,蛋白最大表达量增为20mg/L。     

葡萄糖氧化酶产生菌Z—l—C的分批发酵与恒化培养

本文对葡萄糖氧化酶产生菌z—I—c的分批发酵与恒化培养进行了研究。实验发现,在以葡萄糖为生长限制性基质的恒化培养中,该产生菌的维持系数为O．04 g葡萄糖／g菌体．H,生长得率系数Y^max_G=O．714 g菌体／g葡萄糖,最大比生长速率μmax=O．385h^-1,饱和常数Ks=4．76g/L,理论最适稀释度Dm=0．260h^-1,最大酶比活(E／x)max为2．16×10³μ／mg,其值较分批发酵的最大酶比活(1．5l×10³μ／mg)提高43％。当向恒化培养的补料培养基中添加0．02％的α-甲基-D-葡萄糖时,由于该葡萄糖结构类似物的诱导作用,可使(E／x)max达3．11×10³μ／mg,较分批发酵之值提高106％。     

NH4+对L-色氨酸发酵的影响

目的:探究NH₄⁺浓度对大肠杆菌E.coli TRTH发酵生产L-色氨酸的影响。方法:通过外源添加试验,利用30 L发酵罐进行分批补料发酵试验,考察E. coli TRTH发酵生产L-色氨酸过程中生物量、L-色氨酸产量、有机酸含量、耗糖速率、发酵液中NH₄⁺浓度及质粒稳定性变化。建立了大肠杆菌合成L-色氨酸的代谢流平衡模型,应用 MATLAB 软件计算出E. coli TRTH发酵中后期代谢网络的代谢流分布。结果:发酵结果显示,利用NaOH和氨水混合补料,控制NH₄⁺浓度在120 mmol/L以下,菌体能够以较长时间和较高比生长速率保持对数生长,最终菌体生物量和L-色氨酸产量分别提高了12.16%和19.80%。随着NH₄⁺浓度的增加,发酵液中丙酮酸、乳酸及乙酸浓度均略有增加,细胞质粒稳定性下降。控制NH₄⁺浓度在120 mmol/L以下,E. coli TRTH发酵生产L-色氨酸的代谢流量分析结果表明,EMP途径的代谢流量降低7.31%,PP途径的代谢流量增加7.14%,TCA循环的代谢流量降低22.04%。结论:高浓度的NH₄⁺导致菌体生长提前结束,耗糖速率降低,产酸受阻,控制NH₄⁺浓度在120 mmol/L以下,解除了NH₄⁺对菌体生长和产物生成的抑制,使得菌体生物量和L-色氨酸产量大幅提高,实现了高密度发酵培养的目的。     

SARS冠状病毒核衣壳蛋白在酵母中的表达与活性检测

用PCR扩增SARS冠状病毒N蛋白全长cDNA,克隆到酵母表达载体pPIC3.5K,构建pPIC3.5K-SCoVN酵母表达质粒。表达质粒线性化后电转化到毕赤酵母GS115中,经G418-RDB, MM/MD平板与PCR扩增筛选获得His⁺ Mut⁺ 重组菌株。比较研究了不同的培养基、溶解氧以及甲醇浓度对菌株生长与重组蛋白表达的影响。结果表明：FBS培养基最适宜重组菌的生长与表达,溶氧对菌体的生长与表达有显著的影响,甲醇诱导最佳终浓度为1％（V/V）,SDS-PAGE分析重组蛋白的表达量,发现重组N 蛋白表达量占细胞总蛋白的6％,每升培养基可以生产410mg重组N蛋白,生物量达45OD600。Western　blotting结果表明,重组N 蛋白对鼠源单克隆抗体以及SARS病人恢复期血清具有较强的特异性反应。对摇瓶培养条件进行了发酵罐放大实验,结果生物量达到348OD600,表达量达到 2.5g/L,分别为摇瓶表达的7.7倍和6.1倍,为SARS早期血清学诊断研究以及为N蛋白在病毒复制以及致病机理的研究奠定了一定的基础。     

人三叶因子3在毕赤酵母中表达条件的研究

为提高人三叶因子 3 (HumanTrefoilfactor 3 ,hTFF3 )在毕赤酵母中的表达量 ,研究了转化子生长的培养条件 ,包括不同碳源对转化子生长的影响和接种量、甲醇浓度、pH值、摇瓶转速及不同诱导时间对人三叶因子 3表达的影响。结果表明转化子在生长阶段加入葡萄糖生长旺盛 ,培养 14h后OD₆₀₀ 就可达到 50。在 100mL生长培养基上的菌液以 1∶1接入诱导培养基时蛋白表达量最高 ;转化子在 1%的甲醇、pH60、摇瓶转速240r/min的条件下诱导4 8h ,菌体密度OD₆₀₀为 15 ,目的蛋白表达量达到 20mg L。用 5L发酵罐进行了高密度发酵 ,经2%甲醇32h诱导 ,最终菌体密度OD₆₀₀ 达到 120 ,每升发酵液中含目的蛋白100mg。     

高密度培养大肠杆菌YK537/pSBHL11生产重组人细胞白介素-3

在B.Braun ES-10型15L和NBS BioFlo 3000型5L发酵罐中,利用补料分批培养技术高密度表达培养含重组质粒pSBHL-11的大肠杆菌YK537,生产重组人白细胞介素-3(IL-3),发现在发酵过程中,限制性流加甘油,控制溶解氧在30%～40％左右、30℃生长11h,42℃诱导培养4h,能将发酵液中最终菌体密度从OD₁₆600提高到OD₅₃600(相当于每升发酵液含106克湿菌体),并且保持了白细胞介素-3的表达量,占菌体总蛋白的30%左右,含量超过3.3%g/L,使IL-3包涵体产量从湿重2.2g/L提高到8.5 g/L,纯化步骤比较简单,超声破菌后经两次洗涤纯度就达到70%以上。     

Use of different carbon sources in cultivation of recombinant Pichia pastoris for angiostatin production

To improve the growth of recombinant Pichia pastoris with a phenotype of Mut^S and expression of angiostatin, the effects of glycerol, sorbitol, acetate and lactic acid which were, respectively, added together with methanol in the expression phase, were studied in a 5-l fermentor. Methanol concentration was automatically controlled at 5 g/l by a methanol monitor and control system, while the feeding of the other carbon source was manually adjusted. The angiostatin production level was 108 mg/l when glycerol was added at an initial rate of 2.3 g/h and gradually increased to 9.9 g/h within an induction period of 96 h. The angiostatin concentration was 141 mg/l as sorbitol was used, while only 52 mg/l were obtained on acetate. The highest angiostatin production of 191 mg/l was achieved as lactic acid was used; whose feeding rate was gradually increased from 2.6 to 11.3 g/h. Lactic acid accumulated during the induction phase and reached 6.3 g/l at the end of fermentation. However, the accumulation of lactic acid did not interfere with angiostatin production, indicating that lactic acid to be a non-repressive carbon source. The average productivity and specific productivity of angiostatin obtained on lactic acid and methanol were, respectively, 2.96 and 0.044 mg/(g h), 1.7- and 2.5-fold of those obtained in the fermentation fed with glycerol and methanol.     

产HSA—CP融合蛋白毕赤酵母的发酵条件优化

为提高重组毕赤酵母生产人血清白蛋白-C肽融合蛋白（HSA—CP）的产量和生产强度,在摇瓶条件下考察了甲醇诱导时间和浓度对目的蛋白产量的影响。结果表明,质量浓度10g/L的甲醇诱导72h最适于产物表达。通过对7L发酵罐中各因素的优化,得到最佳条件为：初始甘油质量浓度10g/L,30℃培养,菌体生长期和诱导期的pH及溶氧分别控制在pH5．0、30％溶解O2或pH6．0、15％的溶解O2。10g/L的甲醇诱导72h,最终使干细胞质量浓度达到56．43g/L,目的蛋白产量达368．45mg／L。生产强度为3．920mg/（L·h）,目标蛋白的比生产速率为5．12mg/（L·h）。     

Citric acid production by Candida lipolytica Y 1095 in cell recycle and fed-batch fermentors

The effect of dissolved oxygen on citric acid production and oxygen uptake by Candida lipolytica Y 1095 was evaluated in cell recycle and fed-batch fermentation systems. The maximum observed volumetric productivity, which occurred at a dilution rate of 0.06 h(-1), a dissolved oxygen concentration of 80%, and a biomass concentration of 5% w/v, in the cell recycle system, was 1.32 g citric acid/L . h. At these same conditions, the citric acid yield was 0.65 g/g and the specific citric acid productivity was 24.9 mg citric acid/g cell . h. In the cell recycle system, citric acid yields ranged from 0.45 to 0.72 g/g. Both the volumetric and specific citric acid productivities were dependent on the dilution rate and the concentration of dissolved oxygen in the fermentor. Similar productivities (1.29 g citric acid/L . h) were obtained in the fed-batch system operated at a cycle time of 36 h, a dissolved oxygen concentration of 80%, and 60 g total biomass. Citric acid yields in the fed-batch fermentor were consistently lower than those obtained in the cell recycle system and ranged from 0.40 to 0.59 g/g. Although citric acid yields in the fed-batch fermentor were lower than those obtained in the cell recycle system, higher citric:isocitric acid ratios were obtained in the fed-batch fermentor. As in the cell recycle system, both the volumetric and specific citric acid productivities in the fed-batch fermentor were dependent on the cycle time and dissolved oxygen concentration. (c) 1995 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.     

一株法夫酵母虾青素高产菌株的生产性能

为了评价虾青素高产菌株-法夫酵母JMU-MVP14的生产性能及建立虾青素高产发酵技术,通过测定糖、生物量、虾青素产量、总类胡萝卜素产量等发酵参数,用摇瓶试验对比了法夫酵母JMU-MVP14和出发菌株的差异,用7 L罐试验对比了pH值调控方式及补料培养基成分对发酵的影响,用1 m3罐试验评估了法夫酵母JMU-MVP14高密度发酵虾青素的产量水平。摇瓶发酵结果表明,法夫酵母JMU-MVP14虾青素及总类胡萝卜素的细胞产率分别达到6.01 mg/g及10.38 mg/g;7 L罐分批发酵试验结果表明,自动流加调     

重组毕赤酵母发酵牛肉风味肽的中试研究

研究分泌表达16拷贝牛肉风味肽（beefy meaty peptide, BMP）毕赤酵母工程菌株(Pichia pastoris GS115-16B2)的500L发酵罐中试发酵工艺。在500L发酵罐中采用三步发酵法进行了3批次中试发酵实验,设定菌体培养阶段温度为30℃,pH5.0,诱导表达阶段温度为28℃,pH3.0。在发酵程中通过调节搅拌速度、通气量和罐压等措施来使DO维持在20%~35%左右,总共发酵126h（诱导时间为96h）,当诱导88h后（发酵118h）,600nm波长下的光密度值(OD600)达到184.5,菌体湿重达到318.7g/L,目的产物BMP的表达量达到最高为172 mg/L,实现了BMP的高效表达。通过中试发酵初步建立了工程菌P. pastoris GS115-16B2的中试发酵工艺,为BMP的进一步研究开发奠定了良好基础。     

碱性果胶酶在重组毕赤酵母中高效表达的关键因素研究

为提高重组毕赤酵母生产碱性果胶酶的产量和生产强度,在摇瓶条件下优化了重组毕赤酵母生产碱性果胶酶的关键因素。结果表明,以下条件：初始甘油浓度40g／L、初始甲醇浓度3.1g甲醇／gDCW、每24h添加0.51g甲醇／gDCW、诱导表达周期72h、250mL三角瓶诱导培养基装液量30mL、初始pH6,0,最适于菌体生长与产物表达。在此基础上,7L罐上通过恒速流加甘油进一步提高细胞密度,诱导阶段甲醇采取前期恒速流加和后期DO-stat,发酵结束菌体干重达80g／L,酶活为217U／mL,比摇瓶结果提高了66.2％。     

碱性果胶酶在重组毕赤酵母中高效表达的关键因素研究

为提高重组毕赤酵母生产碱性果胶酶的产量和生产强度, 在摇瓶条件下优化了重组毕赤酵母生产碱性果胶酶的关键因素。结果表明, 以下条件：初始甘油浓度40 g/L、初始甲醇浓度3.1 g甲醇/g DCW、每24 h添加0.51 g甲醇/g DCW、诱导表达周期72 h、250 mL三角瓶诱导培养基装液量30 mL、初始pH 6.0, 最适于菌体生长与产物表达。在此基础上, 7 L罐上通过恒速流加甘油进一步提高细胞密度, 诱导阶段甲醇采取前期恒速流加和后期DO-stat, 发酵结束菌体干重达80 g/L, 酶活为217 U/mL, 比摇瓶结果提高了66.2%。     

重组巴氏毕赤酵母高密度发酵表达rHSA

对基因工程菌Pichiapastoris的摇瓶发酵条件进行了试验 ,并根据摇瓶发酵的优化结果进行了补料分批高密度发酵。在摇瓶发酵时 ,甲醇诱导基因工程菌P .pastoris表达重组人血清白蛋白的发酵周期为 96h ;甲醇的最佳诱导浓度为 1 0g L ;发酵pH范围为 5 72～ 6 5 9;在摇瓶培养时 ,随着接种量的增加 ,虽然目的蛋白表达量缓慢增加 ,但单位细胞光密度的蛋白产率却明显下降 ,符合y =1 2 941x- 0 50 59方程 (线性相关系数r=0 9789) ,其限制性因子很可能为溶氧。在分批发酵 ,接种量为 1 0 %且种子细胞光密度 (OD60 0 )为 2 0左右时 ,细胞生长的延迟期为 2 1 1h左右 ,细胞生长光密度与培养时间的关系模型为 :y =0 7841e0 .2 3 19t(线性相关系数r=0 .993 6 ) ;在补料发酵时细胞干重浓度可达到 1 1 5g L— 1 6 0g L ,在 1 2 0h重组人血清白蛋白表达量最大达到 3 6g L。     

A rational approach to improving productivity in recombinant Pichia pastoris fermentation

A Mut(S) Pichia pastoris strain that had been genetically modified to produce and secrete sea raven antifreeze protein was used as a model system to demonstrate the implementation of a rational, model-based approach to improve process productivity. A set of glycerol/methanol mixed-feed continuous stirred-tank reactor (CSTR) experiments was performed at the 5-L scale to characterize the relationship between the specific growth rate and the cell yield on methanol, the specific methanol consumption rate, the specific recombinant protein formation rate, and the productivity based on secreted protein levels. The range of dilution rates studied was 0. 01 to 0.10 h(-1), and the residual methanol concentration was kept constant at approximately 2 g/L (below the inhibitory level). With the assumption that the cell yield on glycerol was constant, the cell yield on methanol increased from approximately 0.5 to 1.5 over the range studied. A maximum specific methanol consumption rate of 20 mg/g. h was achieved at a dilution rate of 0.06 h(-1). The specific product formation rate and the volumetric productivity based on product continued to increase over the range of dilution rates studied, and the maximum values were 0.06 mg/g. h and 1.7 mg/L. h, respectively. Therefore, no evidence of repression by glycerol was observed over this range, and operating at the highest dilution rate studied maximized productivity. Fed-batch mass balance equations, based on Monod-type kinetics and parameters derived from data collected during the CSTR work, were then used to predict cell growth and recombinant protein production and to develop an exponential feeding strategy using two carbon sources. Two exponential fed-batch fermentations were conducted according to the predicted feeding strategy at specific growth rates of 0.03 h(-1) and 0.07 h(-1) to verify the accuracy of the model. Cell growth was accurately predicted in both fed-batch runs; however, the model underestimated recombinant product concentration. The overall volumetric productivity of both runs was approximately 2.2 mg/L. h, representing a tenfold increase in the productivity compared with a heuristic feeding strategy.