外源RNA干涉基因在烟草中的转化及表达

依据RNA干涉机制,以TMV复制酶基因为靶标基因,针对TMV 5个株系复制酶基因间高度同源序列设计引物,经RT-PCR反应获得靶序列,构建靶序列反向重复结构的RNA干涉双元载体.用根癌农杆菌介导将外源基因转化至烟草品种K326基因组中,培育RNA干涉转基因烟草.人工接种病毒验证转基因烟草中外源基因在植物抗病毒能力方面的表达效果,实时荧光定量PCR分析转基因烟草抗病毒能力.结果表明,实验培育的RNA干涉转基因烟草67%对TMV呈现高度抗性;荧光定量PCR分析显示,对TMV具高度抗性的转基因烟草中病毒复制酶基因转录产物mRNA存在很大程度的降解,证实了RNA干涉技术在培育抗病毒烟草品种中的效果.     

TMV和PVY外壳蛋白双基因融合干涉及烟草转化

为了降低烟草花叶病毒(fobacco mosaic virus,TMV)和马铃薯Y病毒(potato virus Y,PVY)复合侵染对烟草带来的危害,本实验找到TMV-CP和PVY-CP基因部分保守序列,将保守序列进行双基因融合,此双基因即为RNAi的靶序列,用限制性内切酶将双基因从pMD18-T载体上切下,正反向连接到pUCCRNAi载体后,经酶切鉴定后定向连接到含超强启动子的pC2300-35S-OCS表达载体上,利用冻融法将此表达载体导入只含辅助质粒的根癌农杆菌中,构建含靶序列反向重复结构的RNAi双元载体系统,提取转化质粒,经酶切验证鉴定表明TMV和PVY外壳蛋白基因植物表达双元载体构建成功.并转化烟草,获得了3株对TMV和PVY抗性显著提高的转基因烟草.     

应用RNAi技术培育抗TMV病毒转基因烟草

利用烟草花叶病毒(TMV)外壳蛋白基因构建RNAi干涉载体, 通过叶盘法转化至烟草K326 和龙江911两个栽培品种。对转基因株系的荧光定量PCR分析表明, 不同转基因株系的病毒RNA靶序列都得到一定程度的降解, 抗病性鉴定结果证实, 转基因K326和龙江911两个栽培品种的转基因材料分别有83％和90％转基因株系对TMV呈现免疫级抗性。     

金花茶查尔酮合成酶基因CnCHS的克隆及遗传转化研究

根据已发表的金花茶查尔酮合成酶(chalcone synthase,CHS)基因(CnCHS)序列设计全长扩增引物,以金花茶花瓣总cDNA为模板进行PCR扩增,成功获得了该基因cDNA全长。将扩增所得全长产物连接PMD18-T载体后转化大肠杆菌E.coli DH5α,提取质粒后经酶切、测序鉴定后,将其与双元表达载体pCAMBIA1300连接,成功构建了CnCHS基因的正义表达载体pCAM-CnCHS。将该重组表达载体转化农杆菌EHA105后,利用农杆菌介导法将CnCHS基因转入烟草,获得转基因烟草18株。利用PCR法及Southern blotting对所获得的转基因植株进行鉴定,结果显示CnCHS基因成功整合到烟草基因组中,阳性率达67%,并获得了单拷贝转基因植株。这些结果表明本研究成功构建了金花茶CnCHS基因对烟草的遗传转化体系,为深入研究CnCHS基因的功能及其对花色的调控效应奠定了基础。     

马铃薯Y病毒外壳蛋白基因的克隆及序列分析

本文报道应用聚合酶链式反应(PCR)技术,在体外扩增马铃薯 Y 病毒外壳蛋白基因及其克隆和序列分析的结果。病毒 RNA 从马铃薯 Y 病毒感染的烟草叶片中提取,用合成的PCR 3引物及 AMV 逆转录酶合成了单链的 cDNA。利用 PCR 技术,经30个循玎的扩增。得到了一特异的0.8kb 片段。克隆后对此片段进行了限制性内切酶物理图谱分析,并测定了其全序列。实验结果证明,我们克隆到的是完整的马铃薯 Y 病毒的外壳蛋白基因。与国外报道的马铃薯 Y 病毒 N 株相比,其核苷酸序列及推测的氨基酸序列的同源率分别为97.8%和97%。将该基因导入马铃薯以期获得抗 Y 病毒马铃薯的工作正在进行。本文还对 PCR 技术用于扩增植物 RNA 病毒的方法以及用基因工程方法培育抗病毒作物新品种的可行性等进行了讨论。     

烟草NtWRKY40在植物应答病毒侵染过程中的作用

WRKY转录因子家族在植物的抗病、抗逆反应中具有重要功能。已有研究表明,烟草花叶病毒(TMV)的侵染显著地诱导烟草Nt WRKY的表达,有必要进一步探明该基因在植物应答病毒侵染过程中的作用。采用PCR的方法克隆获得Nt WRKY cDNA,生物信息学分析结果显示,该基因属于WRKYⅡa亚族成员,与绒毛状烟草NtoWRKY40高度同源,命名为NtWRKY40。以此建立了过表达该基因的转基因烟草,并以TMV为毒源进行了转基因烟草和野生烟草的侵染实验,以观察NtWRKY40在烟草应答病毒侵染过程中的作用。实验结果表明,野生烟草在TMV侵染后9 d,NtWRKY40的表达量显著升高,而NtWRKY40过表达转基因烟草在病毒侵染后,病毒相关基因的表达高于野生型对照,与染病程度成正相关,说明过表达NtWRKY40增加了植株对病毒的敏感性,该基因为负调控因子。此外,为探索应用人工miRNA的抗病毒技术,以烟草天然miR167前体为骨架、马铃薯Y病毒(PVY)外壳蛋白基因的一段反向互补序列为成熟序列,构建了amiR167-PVY植物表达载体并转化烟草,以抑制PVY。对amiRNA转基因植株进行抗病毒实验的结果显示,amiR167-PVY能够部分抑制病毒基因的表达,转基因植株具有一定的抗病毒能力。     

传染性支气管炎病毒核衣壳蛋白基因克隆及在E.coli中的表达

核衣壳蛋白基因 (N基因 )是传染性支气管炎病毒的重要结构基因 .根据已报道的序列设计引物 ,利用RT PCR技术从病毒RNA中扩增和克隆到了N基因的cDNA ,并测定了核苷酸序列 .克隆的N基因片段ORF全长 12 30bp ,编码 4 0 9个氨基酸 .将该片段序列与其他IBV病毒株比较 ,核苷酸的同一性为 87 0 %～ 98 6 %,氨基酸的同一性为 91 0 %～ 98 1%.将该cDNA亚克隆到pBV2 2 0表达载体 ,转化大肠杆菌DH5α菌株 ,Western印迹检测 ,获得了分子量约 4 5kD表达蛋白     

从云南烟草上检测到的黄瓜花叶病毒亚组II分离物

在对云南省烟草病毒病的研究中,分离到一种直径约26～30nm的球形病毒。提纯病毒进行的SDSPAGE发现一条55kD蛋白带。55kD蛋白N端10个氨基酸与CMV亚组II的Q株系外壳蛋白N端氨基酸同源性为100%。以CMVQ抗血清对55kD蛋白进行了Western blot检测,发现55kD蛋白与CMV Q株系抗血清有血清学反应。根据已报道的CMV亚组II外壳蛋白基因序列合成引物,采用RTPCR技术扩增到一条约09kb的cDNA条带,并进行了克隆及序列测定,经Genbank比较,发现此09kb cDNA包含一657bp的外壳蛋白基因,其核苷酸序列及其推导的氨基酸序列与CMV亚组II分离物有极高的同源性,分别达97%～98%和96%～99%,而与亚组I分离物的同源性仅为75%～76%和78%～79%。因此,该球形病毒应为CMV亚组II的一个分离物,命名为CMVYnb。     

TMV复制酶基因靶向的RNA干涉载体构建

以TMV复制酶基因作为RNAi的靶向序列,应用RT－PCR法获得目的DNA序列。依据RNAi机制,以酶切后连接的方法将目的DNA序列正向、反向锚定连接到pUCCRNAi载体质粒,构建含目的序列反向重复结构的RNA干涉中间载体;反向重复结构酶切后插入含超强启动子的pC2300-35s-OCS表达载体,重组的表达载体质粒经冻融法转化到只含辅助质粒的根癌农杆菌中,完成双元载体系统的构建。每步的重组子经特异引物PCR验证和酶切验证有相应的特异条带存在,且测序鉴定序列正确。确认成功构建了TMV复制酶基因靶向的RNAi双元载体,为RNAi技术在植物病毒病害防治中的应用奠定基础。     

四种广普性植物病毒高效mPCR检测方法的建立

本研究建立了能同时检测出烟草花叶病毒(TMV)、黄瓜花叶病毒(CMV)、马铃薯X病毒(PVX)和马铃薯Y病毒(PVY)的多重RT-PCR体系。TMV、CMV、PVX、PVY是四种广普性植物病毒,寄主范围广泛,并且常常发生复合侵染。本研究以上述四种病毒的CP基因部分序列设计引物,以反转录的cDNA为模板,建立多重RT-PCR反应体系,分别扩增出211～417bp的不同长度的基因片断,并通过序列测定来确认扩增序列的特异性。将反转录合成的cDNA进行浓度稀释,来对多重RT-PCR与单重RT-PCR的灵敏度进行比较,结果证明,多重RT-PCR体系能够同时快速检测这四种病毒,并且有很高的灵敏度。     

Co-electroporation of rice protoplasts with RNAs of cucumber mosaic and tobacco mosaic viruses

Cucumber mosaic virus (CMV) RNA was used to study electroporation conditions suitable for protoplasts from rice suspension cultures. Rice protoplasts required a stronger and shorter electric pulse than tobacco protoplasts for introduction of viral RNA. Under optimized conditions, CMV infection was established in 65 % of electroporated protoplasts. In contrast, electroporation with tobacco mosaic virus (TMV) RNA did not result in infection of rice protoplasts. However, when TMV RNA was electroporated into rice protoplasts together with CMV RNA, TMV production was demonstrated in 15 % of protoplasts. Differential staining with fluorescent antibodies against the two viruses showed that the protoplasts producing TMV were without exception also infected by CMV. The results show that CMV replicates in rice protoplasts by itself, whereas TMV does so only with the aid of CMV.Abbreviations CMV cucumber mosaiv virus - PBS phosphate buffered saline - TMV tobacco mosaic virus.     

Interaction of cucumber mosaic virus and potato virus y with tobacco mosaic virus

A study was performed on the interaction of cucumber mosaic virus (CMV) of potato virus Y (PVY) with tobacco mosaic virus (TMV). Interference was evaluated using tobacco plantsNicotiana tabacum cv. Java responding to CMV and PVY with a systemic infection and to TMV with local necrotic lesions. The decrease in TMV — induced lesion number gave evidence of a decrease in susceptibility caused by the previous infection with CMV or PVY, the decrease of lesion enlargement demonstrated a decreased TMV reproduction in the plants previously infected with CMV or PVY. The interference concerned was incomplete, as evaluated from reproduction of the challenging TMV and from the decrease in susceptibility of the host to TMV brought about by the first infection with CMV or PVY.     

Transiently expressed short hairpin RNA targeting 126 kDa protein of tobacco mosaic virus interferes with virus infection

RNA-interference (RNAi) silences gene expression by'guiding mRNA degradation in asequence-specific fashion.Small interfering RNA (siRNA),an intermediate of the RNAi pathway,has beenshown to be very effective in inhibiting virus infection in mammalian cells and cultured plant cells.Here,wereport that Agrobacterium tumefaciens-mediated transient expression of short hairpin RNA (shRNA) couldinhibit tobacco mosaic virus (TMV) RNA accumulation by targeting the gene encoding the replication-asso-ciated 126 kDa protein in intact plant tissue.Our results indicate that transiently expressed shRNA efficientlyinterfered with TMV infection.The interference observed is sequence-specific,and time-and site-dependent.Transiently expressed shRNA corresponding to the TMV 126 kDa protein gene did not inhibit cucumbermosaic virus (CMV),an unrelated tobamovirus.In order to interfere with TMV accumulation in tobaccoleaves,it is essential for the shRNA constructs to be infiltrated into the same leaves as TMV inoculation.Ourresults support the view that RNAi opens the door for novel therapeutic procedures against virus diseases.We propose that a combination of the RNAi technique and Agrobacterium-mediated transient expressioncould be employed as a potent antiviral treatment in plants.     

Unique nature of an attenuated strain of tobacco mosaic virus: autoregulation

An attenuated strain L11A of tobacco mosaic virus (TMV) multiplied like wild type strain L at an early stage of infection in tomato leaves. Four days after inoculation, however, multiplication of L11A was drastically reduced (autoregulation) compared with the constant multiplication of L. In mixed infections, L11A strongly inhibited the multiplication of homologous strain L. Experiments with cucumber mosaic virus (CMV) or tobacco plants revealed that the inhibitory mechanism of L11A is not host-specific but virus-specific, and the autoregulatory mechanism is effective only for TMV. RNA synthesis in L11A infected leaves 4 days after inoculation was studied by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Synthesis of TMV-RNA and its replicative intermediate were strongly inhibited, whereas the replicative form of TMV-RNA and ribosomal RNA were synthesized as in the case of L infection. Synthesis of non-coat-protein was studied by the incorporation of radioactive histidine into subcellular fractions derived from leaves infected with L or L11A for 4 days. Different patterns of the two strains in protein synthesis were noted. At least three proteins were predominantly synthesized in L11A infection. One of them was observed in the mitochondria fraction. From its position in polyacrylamide gel, it could be viral coded 165K protein which is considered to be involved in viral RNA replication. These results suggest that the unique nature of attenuated virus L11A, i.e. autoregulation, resulted from the inhibitory mechanism of viral RNA synthesis due to overproduction of 165K protein and is quite distinct from interferon, intrinsic interference or interference by defective virus.