纱帽山滇文化墓地颅骨的人类学特征

本文对云南宜良纱帽山滇文化墓地出土的颅骨进行了多项测量及非测量连续性性状观察。根据颅骨形态特征,纱帽山组古代居民应归入亚洲蒙古人种,并与东亚蒙古人种具有最多的一致性。通过与古代对比组对比发现,纱帽山组与时代较为接近的黄河中下游地区的瓦窑沟组关系最为密切,与西北地区青铜时代的火烧沟组关系较近。     

零口战国墓颅骨的人类学特征

本文对陕西省临潼县零口村遗址发掘出土的战国秦墓颅骨的人类学特征进行了研究。该组颅骨的种族特征可归入现代亚洲蒙古人种的东亚人种范畴。在若干近代和古代对比组中 ,零口组的基本体质类型与近代华北组、新石器时代的宝鸡组和关中合并组、青铜时代的上马组和殷墟中小墓②组最为接近。     

克什克腾旗龙头山青铜时代颅骨的人类学研究

本文对内蒙古自治区赤峰市克什克腾旗龙头山青铜时代遗址发掘出土的颅骨进行了人种学研究。１１例男性颅骨和３例女性颅骨的种族特征基本相似,均可归入现代亚洲蒙古人种的东亚人种范畴,某些特征则显示出北亚人种的影响。在若干古代和近代对比组中,龙头山青铜时代居民的体质特征分别与顺山屯青铜时代居民和近代华北居民最为接近。     

内蒙古宁城山嘴子辽墓契丹族颅骨的人类学特征

本文对内蒙古自治区赤峰市宁城县山嘴子辽代墓地出土的古代契丹族颅骨的人类学特征进行了研究。9例男性颅骨和3例女性颅骨中的大多数标本在种族特征上均可归入现代亚洲蒙古人种中的西伯利亚(北亚)人种范畴,少数标本中的个别特征则显示出某种程度上的东亚人种或北极(东北亚)人种的影响。在若干古代和近代对比组中,山嘴子辽代契丹族的体质特征分别与汉代鲜卑族和近代蒙古族最为接近。     

磨盘山遗址新石器时代人骨研究

磨盘山遗址是分布在云南省楚雄彝族自治州元谋盆地的一处新石器时代聚落。本文通过对遗址出土的6例新石器时代人骨的体质人类学研究,得出以下结论:磨盘山组颅骨的形态特征可以概括为中颅型与正颅型相结合,阔额型、阔上面型、阔鼻型、中眶型并伴有颇大的面部扁平度;磨盘山组应属于亚洲蒙古人种范畴,在次级分类比较中与南亚类型在鼻眶形态和上面部形态上表现出更多的相似性;在与亚洲蒙古人种各近代组的比较中,磨盘山组与广西壮族组关系最为密切,与蒙古组关系最为疏远;在与其他新石器对比组的比较中,磨盘山组与代表"古华南类型"的甑皮岩组、鲤鱼墩组和昙石山组表现出更多的一致性,与"古中原类型"和"古华北类型"关系疏远。     

郑州孙庄遗址仰韶文化居民的颅骨形态

孙庄遗址位于河南省郑州市中原区孙庄村南,是分布在黄河中下游地区的一处仰韶文化晚期遗存。通过对遗址出土的10例保存基本完整的颅骨进行测量与观察后,得出以下结论：孙庄组的颅面部特征为高颅型与狭颅型相结合的颅型特点、中等偏大的面部扁平度、狭额型、中鼻型、低眶型、中面角属平颌型、犬齿窝和鼻根凹欠发达、颅顶缝简单等。孙庄组古代居民颅骨的形态特征归属于亚洲蒙古人种范围。颅骨形态学特征分析结果显示,孙庄组与亚洲蒙古人种近代华南组（R=1.26）关系最为密切,与近代蒙古组（R=1.80）和通古斯组（R=2.06）关系疏远;在与各新石器时代组的对比中,孙庄男性组与仰韶合并组（R=1.00）、庙子沟组（R=1.00）、西山组（R=1.07）、大汶口组（R=1.13）关系接近,孙庄女性组最接近于大汶口组（D_ij=3.10）、徐堡组（D_ij=4.58）和西山组（D_ij=4.60）。综上,我们可知分布在黄河中下游地区的仰韶时代中晚期人群在颅面部特征上颇为一致,具有较高的同源性,应同属于“古中原类型”居民。     

内蒙古林西县井沟子遗址西区墓地人骨研究

本文对内蒙古林西县井沟子遗址西区墓地出土的春秋—战国时期的颅骨进行了人类学的考察,该组颅骨在种族特征上可归入现代亚洲蒙古人种中的北亚人种范围。在若干古代和现代对比组中,井沟子组古代居民的体质特征与汉代扎赉诺尔组、近代蒙古组最为接近。     

内蒙古和林格尔县将军沟墓地人骨研究

本文对内蒙古和林格尔县将军沟墓地出土的14例战国中晚期的颅骨(男性11例,女性3例)进行了人类学的观察和测量,认为该组颅骨在种族特征上可归入现代亚洲蒙古人种中的东亚人种范围。在若干古代和现代对比组中,将军沟组古代居民的体质特征与毛饮合并A组、近代华北组最为接近。     

内蒙古清水河县姑姑庵汉代墓地人骨研究

本文对内蒙古清水河县姑姑庵墓地出土的13例汉代的颅骨(男性6例, 女性7例)进行了体质人类学的研究, 该组颅骨在种族特征上可归入现代亚洲蒙古人种中的东亚人种范围。在若干古代和现代对比组中,姑姑庵汉代居民的体质特征与将军沟组、近代华北组最为接近,很可能是来自中原地区的移民或是当地早期中原移民的后裔。     

黑龙江省尼尔基库区的清代达斡尔人骨

2002年至2004年,为配合尼尔基水库的建设,黑龙江省文物考古研究所在库区内发掘了团结、全发、铁古拉三处清代达斡尔人墓葬,为研究清代嫩江流域少数民族的生活习俗、生产经济状况、社会历史等提供了重要的实物依据。本文对三处墓葬所出土的6例(男性4例,女性2例)清代达斡尔人颅骨进行体质人类学研究。该组颅骨在种族特征上可归入现代亚洲蒙古人种中的北亚人种范围,同时又与现代亚洲蒙古人种东亚类型存在着若干相似之处。在若干古代对比组中,该组达斡尔人颅骨的形态特征与山嘴子组和萧氏后族组所代表的辽代契丹人体质特征最为接近,对于研究达斡尔族族源具有一定的参考价值。     

Recent advances in the study of Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus replication and pathogenesis

It has now been over twenty years since a novel herpesviral genome was identified in Kaposi's sarcoma biopsies. Since then, the cumulative research effort by molecular biologists, virologists, clinicians, and epidemiologists alike has led to the extensive characterization of this tumor virus, Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus(KSHV; also known as human herpesvirus 8(HHV-8)), and its associated diseases. Here we review the current knowledge of KSHV biology and pathogenesis, with a particular emphasis on new and exciting advances in the field of epigenetics. We also discuss the development and practicality of various cell culture and animal model systems to study KSHV replication and pathogenesis.     

A Unique Protease Cleavage Site Predicted in the Spike Protein of the Novel Pneumonia Coronavirus (2019-nCoV) Potentially Related to Viral Transmissibility

正Dear Editor,In December 2019, a novel human coronavirus caused an epidemic of severe pneumonia(Coronavirus Disease 2019,COVID-19) in Wuhan, Hubei, China(Wu et al. 2020; Zhu et al. 2020). So far, this virus has spread to all areas of China and even to other countries. The epidemic has caused 67,102 confirmed infections with 1526 fatal cases     

Curcuminoids as inhibitors of thioredoxin reductase: A receptor based pharmacophore study with distance mapping of the active site

Curcumin is the yellow pigment of turmeric that interacts irreversibly forming an adduct with thioredoxin reductase (TrxR), an enzyme responsible for redox control of cell and defence against oxidative stress. Docking at both the active sites of TrxR was performed to compare the potency of three naturally occurring curcuminoids, namely curcumin, demethoxy curcumin and bis-demethoxy curcumin. Results show that active sites of TrxR occur at the junction of E and F chains. Volume and area of both cavities is predicted. It has been concluded by distance mapping of the most active conformations that Se atom of catalytic residue SeCYS498, is at a distance of 3.56 from C13 of demethoxy curcumin at the E chain active site, whereas C13 carbon atom forms adduct with Se atom of SeCys 498. We report that at least one methoxy group in curcuminoids is necessary for interation with catalytic residues of thioredoxin. Pharmacophore of both active sites of the TrxR receptor for curcumin and demethoxy curcumin molecules has been drawn and proposed for design and synthesis of most probable potent antiproliferative synthetic drugs.     

Comparative morphology of the carpel in the Liliaceae: Hewardieae, Petrosavieae, and Tricyrteae

The young pistils in the melanthioid tribes, Hewardieae, Petrosavieae and Tricyrteae, are uniformly tricarpellate and syncarpous. They lack raphide idioblasts. All are multiovulate, with bitegmic ovules. The Petrosavieae are marked by the presence of septal glands and incomplete syncarpy. Tepals and stamens adhere to the ovary in the Hewardieae and the Petrosavieae but not in the Tricyrteae. Two vascular bundles occur in the stamens of the Hewartlieae and Tricyrtis latifolia. Ventral bundles in the upper part of the ovary of the Hewardieae are continuous with compound septal bundles and placental bundles in the lower part. Putative ventral bundles occur in the alternate position in the Tricyrteae and putative placental bundles in the opposite. position in the Petrosavieae. The dichtomously branched stigma in each carpel of the Tricyrteae is supplied by a bifurcated dorsal bundle.     

Synthesis and antimicrobial studies of hydrazone derivatives of 4-[3-(2,4-difluorophenyl)-4-formyl-1H-pyrazol-1-yl]benzoic acid and 4-[3-(3,4-difluorophenyl)-4-formyl-1H-pyrazol-1-yl]benzoic acid

Microbial resistance to antibiotics is an unresolved global concern, which needs urgent and coordinated action. One of the guidelines of the Centers for Disease Control and Preventions (CDC) to combat antibiotic resistance is the development of new antibiotics to treat drug-resistant bacteria. In our effort to find new antibiotics, we report the synthesis and antimicrobial studies of 30 new pyrazole derivatives. These novel molecules have been synthesized by using readily available starting materials and benign reaction conditions. Some of these molecules have shown activity with MIC values as low as 0.78?µg/mL against four bacterial strains; Staphylococcus aureus, methicillin-resistant S. aureus, Bacillus subtilis, and Acinetobacter baumannii. Furthermore, active molecules are non-toxic to mammalian cell line.

     

Novel compounds with potent CDK9 inhibitory activity for the treatment of myeloma

Cyclin-dependent kinases (CDKs) and Polo-like kinases (PLKs) play key role in the regulation of the cell cycle. The aim of our study was originally the further development of our recently discovered polo-like kinase 1 (PLK1) inhibitors. A series of new 2,4-disubstituted pyrimidine derivatives were synthesized around the original hit, but their PLK1 inhibitory activity was very poor. However the novel compounds showed nanomolar CDK9 inhibitory activity and very good antiproliferative effect on multiple myeloma cell lines (RPMI-8226).