内蒙古宁城山嘴子辽墓契丹族颅骨的人类学特征

本文对内蒙古自治区赤峰市宁城县山嘴子辽代墓地出土的古代契丹族颅骨的人类学特征进行了研究。9例男性颅骨和3例女性颅骨中的大多数标本在种族特征上均可归入现代亚洲蒙古人种中的西伯利亚(北亚)人种范畴,少数标本中的个别特征则显示出某种程度上的东亚人种或北极(东北亚)人种的影响。在若干古代和近代对比组中,山嘴子辽代契丹族的体质特征分别与汉代鲜卑族和近代蒙古族最为接近。

HUMAN SKULLS OF QIDAN NATIONALITY FROM LIAO DYNASTY TOMBS IN SHANZUIZI SITE, NINGCHENG COUNTY, INNER MONGOLIA

The skulls of Qidan nationality studied in this paper were excavated from the Liao dynasty tombs in Shanzuizi site, Ningcheng County, Inner Mongolia. The cranial materials (9 males and 3 females) are all adult skulls (22-50 years of age). The article described the morphological features of Shanzuizi crania in some details and discussed the problems concerned with the racial relationship between the Shanzuizi crania and other modern and ancient crania of Asiatic Mongoloids. The characteristics of the crania are as follows: The cranial shapes in norma verticalis belong to ellipsoid and ovoid. According to the cranial length-breadth index, cranial length-height index and cranial breadth-height index, their cranial forms belong to brachycrany, orthocrany and tapeinocrany. The cranial vault sutures are uncomplicated in their structures. The transition between the lower margin of zygomatic process of the maxilla and the inferior margin of zygomatic bone is rough in most of the crania. Their faces are wide. (141.56 mm) and very flat (the naso-malar angle is 150.06). Their nasal bones are low and flat (the simo-tic index is 31.60) and the nasal index shows that their nasal shapes belong to mesorrhiny. The shape of orbit is low and wide (the orbital index I is 77.50). The physical features of Shanzuizi crania show that the racial type of Qidan nationality in Liao dynasty is mainly related to the modern Siberia Mongoloids (Northern Asiatic Mongoloids), but some characteristics of individual skulls show that they may be mixed with some physical elements of the Eastern Asiatic Mongoloids or the Arctic Mongoloids (Northeastern Asiatic Mongoloids). In comparison witb some ancient and modern crania, the Shanzuizi crania are mostly similar to the crania of Xianbei nationality in Han dynasty and the modern Mongolian crania.