具有ACE抑制活性的霞水母酶解肽制备条件优化

目的:采用胰蛋白酶制备霞水母ACE抑制肽,并以响应面法优化酶解肽制备工艺,通过超滤分离获得具有ACE抑制作用的酶解肽活性部位。方法:单因素实验以ACE抑制率为指标,考察温度、酶解时间、pH、加酶量,进一步通过响应面法优化酶解工艺,以不同截留分子量的纤维膜进行分离。结果:胰蛋白酶水解霞水母制备ACE抑制肽的最佳工艺条件为:酶解温度:49.6℃,加酶量为0.69%,pH为7.8,酶解时间2.0h,酶解产物的平均ACE抑制率为56.79%,与预测值57.20%的相对误差为0.41%,经过超滤分离获得分子量1k Da的酶解产物,ACE抑制活性最高,其IC50为66.58μg/ml。结论:确定霞水母酶解肽的制备工艺,其中分子量1kDa的部分为主要效应物质基础。     

从米糠中提取降血管紧张素转换酶抑制剂

采用盐析法提取米糠蛋白,分别选用胃蛋白酶、胰蛋白酶、木瓜蛋白酶等单独或联合水解米糠蛋白,以从酶解米糠蛋白中分离获得具有血管紧张素转换酶（ACE）抑制活性的短肽组分。经Sephadex G-15凝胶层析和SP—Sephadex C-25离子交换层析分离各酶解组分,并检测各组分的ACE抑制活性。结果表明,米糠蛋白的酶解分离产物中含有较强ACE抑制活性的组分,其中经胃蛋白酶和胰蛋白酶共同水解时得到的小分子量寡肽组分的抑制活性最强,为后续对其进行结构分析奠定了基础。     

高效液相色谱法测定可口革囊星的ACE活性

目的利用高效液相色谱法测定可口革囊星虫酶解物中具有抑制血管紧张素转化酶(ACE)活性的活性肽。方法用HPLC测定血管紧张素转换酶抑制肽活性,在该色谱条件下,可通过测定由ACE水解马尿酰组氨酰亮氨酸后产生的马尿酸峰面积或含量得到酶解液的活性。结果酶解物在质量浓度为0.48mg/ml时对ACE的抑制率为17.62%。结论可口革囊星虫蛋白经碱性蛋白酶水解后得到的酶解物活性较高。     

花蚬酶解物清除羟自由基作用研究

探讨了不同蛋白酶酶解花蚬蛋白所得酶解物对Fenton体系产生的羟自由基(.OH)的清除效果,然后进行Sephadex G-25凝胶柱分离酶解产物中的抗氧化活性肽,并测定活性肽相对分子质量分布。结果表明:木瓜蛋白酶在50℃、酶解30 min、pH=7.5、酶质量分数0.15%、m(底物)∶m(水)=1∶2的水解条件下,酶解物对羟自由基的清除效果最佳,清除率为86.9%;胰蛋白酶在温度55℃、酶解时间85 min、pH=8.0、酶质量分数0.30%、m(底物)∶m(水)=1∶2的水解条件下,酶解物对羟自由基清除效果最佳,清除率为89.5%。木瓜蛋白酶酶解物在最大洗脱峰时,清除率为84.73%,在最大峰处酶解物中活性肽的相对分子质量为5.68×103;胰蛋白酶酶解物有两个洗脱峰,在最大洗脱峰处分离组分对羟自由基的清除率很低,在较小洗脱峰处,其清除率为88.49%,该峰处活性肽的相对分子质量为1.165×104。     

响应面法优化蚕豆蛋白酶解工艺条件的研究

考察了碱性蛋白酶、胰蛋白酶和中性蛋白酶对蚕豆蛋白的酶解效果,探讨了水解度（DH）与酶解产物抗氧化活性间的关系。通过单因素试验和响应面分析法,得到碱性蛋白酶酶解工艺的最佳条件。结果表明,温度50℃、pH8.0、酶底比8%、底物浓度3%条件下酶解3h,水解度0~22%内,碱性蛋白酶较胰蛋白酶和中性蛋白酶水解蚕豆蛋白效果好;DH与还原能力（R2=0.68~0.81）及ABTS清除能力（R2=0.98~0.99）具有较好的相关性,碱性蛋白酶酶解液较其他2个酶解液有较好的还原能力和ABTS清除能力;优化后的最佳酶解工艺参数为：酶底比8%,温度50℃、pH 7.6,对蚕豆蛋白还原能力的影响顺序为酶底比＞pH＞温度;在此条件下,蚕豆蛋白酶解液的还原能力理论值为0.174,验证试验测得还原能力为0.173,与理论值接近。     

Alcalase碱性蛋白酶对中华稻蝗蛋白水解条件的研究

本试验采用Alcalase碱性蛋白酶对中华稻蝗蛋白进行水解,研究其蛋白酶解条件和酶解物的抗氧化性(用抑制邻苯三酚自氧化率来表示).结果表明,实验室最佳酶解条件为:底物浓度1%,pH值8.0,温度55℃,水解时间4 h,加酶量(V/V,%)为10%.在此条件下其酶解物具有明显的抗氧化活性,对邻苯三酚自氧化的抑制率可达40%,水解度为51%.     

酶解鹿茸血ACE抑制活性及其与抗氧化活性关系的研究

实验采用木瓜蛋白酶和Alcalase碱性蛋白酶水解鹿茸血,在不同的时间取样,分别测定血管紧张素转化酶(ACE)抑制率、二苯代苦味肼基自由基(DPPH.)清除率和羟自由基(.OH)清除率。结果表明Alcalase蛋白酶水解产物ACE抑制活性和DPPH.清除活性较强,其水解3h的产物ACE抑制率为90.63%,DPPH.清除率为14.40%;木瓜蛋白酶水解5h的产物.OH清除率最高,为96.7%。用SPSS10.0软件分析结果,发现ACE抑制率与DPPH.清除率具有显著相关性。     

胰蛋白酶水解β-乳球蛋白获得ACE抑制肽的条件优化

采用三因素二次通用旋转设计和体外检测法,对胰蛋白酶水解β-乳球蛋白获得ACE抑制肽的条件进行优化。结果表明,底物浓度(X1)、温度(X2)、酶与底物的质量比(X3)对ACE抑制率的影响回归方程为:Y=50.62-2.33X1-1.97X2+5.81 X3-3.36X2X3-6.56X22-1.96X32,胰蛋白酶水解β-乳球蛋白获得ACE抑制肽的最优水解条件为:底物质量浓度为60 g/L,水解温度30℃,酶与底物的质量比为5.5%,水解时间6 h,水解产物对ACE抑制活性最大抑制率为53.86%。     

定向酶解大豆7S蛋白及其ACE抑制活性的研究

以"活性肽搜寻与蛋白模拟水解数据库"为工具,选择胃蛋白酶+胰蛋白酶和碱性蛋白酶对大豆7S蛋白进行模拟水解,得出不同水平的ACE抑制肽肽段,并通过实验比较以上蛋白酶水解物ACE抑制活性的高低。模拟水解结果表明,胃蛋白酶+胰蛋白酶水解大豆7S蛋白得到较多的ACE抑制肽肽段,实验结果表明,碱性蛋白酶水解物ACE抑制活性最大,为73.0965%。     

鲟鱼鱼肠抗氧化肽的提取及抗氧化性

探讨酶法制备具有抗氧化活性的鲟鱼鱼肠抗氧化肽的方法,并进行体外抗氧化活性的测定。结果表明,比较4种蛋白酶酶解产物的抗氧化能力,确定胃蛋白酶为制备鲟鱼鱼肠抗氧化肽的最佳水解用酶;通过单因素试验和正交实验分析得出最适酶解工艺是:胃蛋白酶加酶量3 200 U/g,酶解时间1.5 h,料液比1∶20,温度35℃。其体外抗氧化能力随肽质量浓度增大而增大,在浓度为1.5 mg/mL时,鲟鱼鱼肠抗氧化肽清除DPPH·能力达到Vc的83.64%,对·OH清除率为78.06%,还原力大小约为Vc溶液的1/3。胃蛋白酶酶解鲟鱼鱼肠制备的抗氧化肽具有较好的抗氧化活性,其作为一种潜在的商业抗氧化剂具有良好的应用前景。     

Preparation and evaluation of antioxidant peptides from ethanol-soluble proteins hydrolysate of Sphyrna lewini muscle

To get high yield of ethanol-soluble proteins (EP) and the antioxidant peptides from Sphyrna lewini muscle, orthogonal experiments (L(9)(3)(4)) were applied to optimize the best extraction conditions and enzyme hydrolysis conditions. The yield of EP reached 5.903±0.053% under the optimum conditions of ethanol concentration 90%, solvent to material ratio 20:1, extraction temperature of 40°C and extraction time of 80min. The antioxidant SEPH (EP hydrolysate of S. lewini muscle) was prepared by using papain under the optimum conditions of enzymolysis time 2h, total enzyme dose 1.2%, enzymolysis temperature 50°C and pH 6, and its DPPH radical scavenging activity reached 21.76±0.42% at the concentration of 10mg/ml. Two peptides (F42-3 and F42-5) were isolated from SEPH by using ultrafiltration, anion-exchange chromatography, gel filtration chromatography and RP-HPLC. The structures of F42-3 and F42-5 were identified as Trp-Asp-Arg and Pro-Tyr-Phe-Asn-Lys with molecular weights of 475.50Da and 667.77Da, respectively. F42-3 and F42-5 exhibited good scavenging activity on hydroxyl radical (EC(50) 0.15mg/ml and 0.24mg/ml), ABTS radical (EC(50) 0.34mg/ml and 0.12mg/ml), and superoxide anion radical (EC(50) 0.09mg/ml and 0.11mg/ml), but moderate DPPH radical (EC(50) 3.63mg/ml and 4.11mg/ml). F42-3 and F42-5 were also effectively against lipid peroxidation in the model system and peroxyl free radical scavenging in β-carotene linoleic acid assay. Their high activities were due to the smaller size and the presence of antioxidative amino acids within the peptide sequences.     

Physical characteristics and antioxidant effect of polysaccharides extracted by boiling water and enzymolysis from Grifola frondosa

Grifola frondosa has been widely consumed in China and other Asian countries. Recent studies on G. frondosa have focused on the activities of polysaccharides extracted by water, and the activities of polysaccharides extracted by enzymolysis have not been studied. In this work, the relationship between the physical properties and antioxidant activity of polysaccharides extracted from G. frondosa by boiling water and enzymolysis was studied. Five polysaccharide extracts from the fruit body of G. frondosa were prepared by different extracting methods including boiling water, single enzyme enzymolysis with three different single enzymes (cellulose, pectinase, and pancreatin), and combined enzyme enzymolysis (cellulose:pectinase:pancreatin; 2:2:1). Characteristics such as the viscosity, Mw, polysaccharide content, protein content, infrared spectra, and antioxidant activities of the extracts were evaluated. The highest antioxidant activity was exhibited by the extracts prepared by combined enzyme extraction. The correlation analysis between antioxidant activity and polysaccharide content, protein content, Mw or viscosity indicated that the Mw had a more important role in antioxidant activity. Overall, the results indicate that the combined enzyme polysaccharide extracts can be developed as a new potential natural antioxidant.     

纤维素酶-超声波协同提取黑木耳黑色素工艺及其抗氧化活性分析

黑色素是黑木耳的主要活性成分之一,在黑木耳的药理活性上发挥着重要作用。为了提高黑木耳黑色素的提取得率,实验采用正交法和响应面法对纤维素酶-超声波协同提取黑木耳黑色素的提取工艺进行了优化,并对最优条件下提取的黑木耳黑色素体外抗氧化活性进行了分析。实验结果表明,纤维素酶-超声波协同提取黑木耳黑色素的最优条件为:酶添加量12mg,酶解温度40℃,酶解pH 5.0,酶解时间120min,NaOH浓度1.27mol/L,料液比1:40,超声功率300W,超声时间52min,超声温度60℃。在最优条件下,黑木耳黑色素提取得率可达到10.48%,相比于实验设置的未添加纤维素酶的超声波组黑色素提取得率提高了12.93%。抗氧化结果表明,采用纤维素酶-超声波协同提取的黑色素相比于未加纤维素酶提取的黑色素清除ABTS、DPPH和羟基自由基的能力更强。研究结果为黑木耳黑色素的高效提取及其产品的应用开发奠定了基础。     

一株高ACE抑制活性乳杆菌的筛选鉴定、培养条件优化及其基因组分析

【背景】乳杆菌是人体肠道益生菌,其发酵乳中可检测到血管紧张素转换酶(Angiotensin converting enzyme,ACE)抑制肽。海洋蕴藏着丰富的微生物种质资源,分布着大量的乳杆菌。【目的】从高通量测序结果中发现渤海沉积物中分布着乳杆菌资源。为了进一步开发具有ACE抑制活性的海洋乳杆菌资源,提高乳杆菌发酵乳的ACE抑制活性,筛选瑞士乳杆菌(Lactobacillus helveticus)并对其特性进行研究。【方法】采用高通量测序技术从渤海沉积物中检测乳杆菌,并对其进行富集分离,对筛选出的乳杆菌进行16S rRNA基因鉴定和全基因组测序分析,测定该菌发酵乳的ACE抑制活性,并采用正交实验优化发酵条件。【结果】渤海沉积物中含有乳杆菌并成功筛选出一株瑞士乳杆菌GY-3,其发酵乳具有较高的ACE抑制活性。该菌在发酵温度37°C,接种量3%,且在脱脂乳培养基中添加1.0%葡萄糖,0.6%大豆蛋白胨,1.0%酵母浸粉,0.04%MnSO_4·4H_2O时,抑制活性最高,可达79.52%。通过对该菌基因组进行测序研究,发现其产ACE抑制肽涉及蛋白酶系统、多肽转运系统和肽酶系统。【结论】为扩大海洋源产ACE抑制肽的乳杆菌种质资源、开发高产ACE抑制活性的发酵菌株奠定了基础,进一步研究了如何提高乳杆菌产ACE抑制肽的水平,并对其基因组进行了研究,为今后生物学特性和ACE抑制活性机理的研究奠定了基础,并对降血压相关产品的开发具有重要意义。     

鹿茸血肽疏水性分离及抗氧 化和ACE抑制作用的研究

实验采用DA201-C型大孔吸附树脂对Alcalase蛋白酶水解鹿茸血3 h的水解液进行吸附,采用25%、50%、75%、100%乙醇分级洗脱,收集各组分进行氨基酸组成分析,发现各洗脱组分具有不同疏水性值,同时测定各组分的血管紧张素转化酶(ACE)抑制活性和二苯代苦味肼基自由基(DPPH·)清除活性:75%乙醇洗脱组分的ACE抑制活性最高,为54.71%,且ACE抑制活性与组分疏水性值显著相关;100%乙醇洗脱组分的DPPH清除率最高.     

向日葵花盘水溶性多糖提取工艺及抗氧化研究

目的:研究了向日葵花盘中水溶性粗多糖的提取工艺及抗氧化性能.方法:采用单因素试验和L_9(3~4)正交试验设计,对多糖提取工艺进行优化,并采用Fenton体系和邻苯三酚自氧化法评价了该提取物的体外抗氧化能力.结果:优化工艺条件为:提取温度95℃、料液比1:20、提取时间4h,向日葵水溶性粗多糖得率为9.73%,其中温度是影响粗多糖提取的重要因素.结论:结果表明向日葵水溶性粗多糖有较好的抗氧化活性.     

Potential of Ginkgo biloba L. leaves in the management of hyperglycemia and hypertension using in vitro models

Leaves from four different Ginkgo biloba L. trees (1 and 2 – females; 3 and 4 – males), grown at the same conditions, were collected during a period of 5 months (from June to October, 2007). Water and 12% ethanol extracts were analyzed for total phenolics content, antioxidant activity, phenolic profile, and the potential in vitro inhibitory effects on α-amylase, α-glucosidase, and Angiotensin I-Converting Enzyme (ACE) enzymes related to the management of diabetes and hypertension. The results indicated a significant difference among the trees in all functional benefits evaluated in the leaf extracts and also found important seasonal variation related to the same functional parameters. In general, the aqueous extracts had higher total phenolic content than the ethanolic extracts. Also, no correlation was found between total phenolics and antioxidant activity. In relation to the ACE inhibition, only ethanolic extracts had inhibitory activity.     

Antioxidative and ACE inhibitory activities of protein hydrolysates from zebra blenny (Salaria basilisca) in alloxan-induced diabetic rats

The present study investigated the antioxidant properties and angiotensin-I converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitory activities of zebra blenny protein hydrolysates (ZBPHs), obtained by treatment with three different crude enzyme extracts, in alloxan induced diabetic rats (AIDR). The thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances (TBARS) level, as an indicator of lipid peroxidation, and the activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GPx) and catalase (CAT) were examined. The hepatic antioxidant enzyme activities were significantly decreased and the malondialdehyde (MDA) level was increased in AIDR. Interestingly, the administration of ZBPHs to diabetic rats reduced the MDA concentration and increased the antioxidant enzyme activities. Further, ZBPHs were found to modulate ACE activity. In addition, ZBPHs were observed to protect the kidney function efficiently, which were evidenced by the significant decrease in the creatinine, uric acid and urea contents. These results suggest a strong antioxidant and antihypertensive effect of ZBPHs which can delay the occurrence of diabetic complications and be considered as functional food ingredients in nutraceuticals or pharmaceuticals.