伪狂犬病病毒上海株gE^-／gI^-／GFP^＋缺失株的生物学特性初步研究

在构建了伪狂犬病病毒上海株的缺失载体pgEI-GFP基础上,将pgEI-GFP转染感染了PRV-SH株的BHK-21细胞,待出现80％以上的细胞病变时收获病毒,并以绿色荧光蛋白为标志,通过蚀斑法得到纯化重组病毒gE^-／gI^-／GFP^ 缺失株。研究了该缺失株的的安全性、在细胞上的生长特性以及对断奶仔猪的安全性、免疫原性等生物学特性。试验结果显示,缺失了gE^-和gI^-后,不影响其在RK细胞上的生长状况和病毒的滴度。该疫苗株对小鼠的半数致死量比亲本毒低且对家兔的致死性的时间延长了,这表明该疫苗的毒力比亲本毒有所下降。该缺失株对断奶仔猪安全,无不良接种反应,接种断奶仔猪能抵御高剂量PRV-SH株强毒的感染,攻毒后试验猪的发热期、散毒天数均低于对照组。该缺失株接种仔猪后在试验期间一直维持较高水平的中和抗体。     

表达狂犬病毒糖蛋白抗原的重组犬2型腺病毒的构建及鉴定

为研制一种预防犬科动物狂犬病的新型疫苗,将含有狂犬病毒ERA株糖蛋白基因(Rabies glycoprotein,Rgp)表达盒的穿梭质粒pVAXΔE3Rgp中的Rgp表达盒克隆入犬2型腺病毒(Canine adenovirus type2,CAV2)骨架质粒pPoly2-CAV2中,获得重组质粒pPoly2-CAV2-ΔE3-Rgp,释放其基因组,转染MDCK细胞系,获得E3缺失区(Deletion of early protein3,ΔE3)含有Rgp表达盒的重组病毒CAV2-ΔE3-Rgp。该重组病毒能在MDCK细胞上产生典型的腺病毒细胞病变。通过酶切、PCR、基因测序,表明该重组病毒含有完整的Rgp表达盒。通过RT-PCR、Western blot等检测,表明该重组病毒能够表达Rgp抗原。用该重组病毒免疫犬,3次免疫后,可以诱导犬产生特异的抗CAV2HI抗体,其效价超过1∶256和抗狂犬病病毒(Rabies virus,RV)中和抗体,其效价超过0.50IU/mL。试验结果表明,获得的重组病毒免疫犬后,能够产生抗狂犬病毒和腺病毒的高效价保护性抗体,是一种有潜力的犬科动物狂犬病毒腺病毒二联疫苗候选株。     

犬2型腺病毒E1转化细胞的建立

为建立能表达犬2型腺病毒(CAV2)E1基因的辅助细胞,本研究用含CAV2E1基因的重组质粒pcE1t对DK细胞进行转染,经G418的筛选,得到26个细胞克隆。用CAV2E1A特异引物对各细胞克隆进行PCR和RTPCR检测,PCR结果表明转染后的细胞克隆都能扩增出536bp的特异性片段,但仅有6株为RTPCR强阳性,能扩增出652bp的特异带。再对RTPCR强阳性的细胞克隆进行Westernblot分析,最终挑选到一个既能转录E1A基因,又能表达E1B19kD蛋白的克隆细胞株(DKE1)。     

表达狂犬病病毒糖蛋白的重组犬2型腺病毒的构建

本试验以犬2型腺病毒全基因组重组质粒pPolyⅡCAV 2及其E3 区重组质粒pVAX E3 为基础,通过DraⅢ和SspⅠ双酶切,缺失第25097bp 26141bp共1044bp的E3区片段,按与编码链相同转录方向插入由CMV启动子、狂犬病病毒SRV9 株糖蛋白基因、SV40 polyA基因构成的总长2424bp的表达盒,获得重组基因组质粒pPolyⅡCAV 2 CGS(34.7kb)。以AscⅠ和ClaⅠ双酶切,游离重组基因组(32.7kb),在脂质体LipofectamineTM 2000 介导下,转染MDCK细胞系,获得了E3 缺失区携带狂犬病病毒糖蛋白表达盒的重组犬2 型腺病毒CAV 2 CGS。Western印迹试验表明,CAV 2 CGS表达了狂犬病病毒糖蛋白。初步接种试验显示,重组病毒可以诱导犬产生狂犬病病毒特异性抗体。     

伪狂犬病病毒上海株gE-/gI-/GFP+缺失株的生物学特性初步研究

在构建了伪狂犬病病毒上海株的缺失载体pgEI-GFP基础上,将pgEI-GFP转染感染了PRV-SH株的BHK-21细胞,待出现80%以上的细胞病变时收获病毒,并以绿色荧光蛋白为标志,通过蚀斑法得到纯化重组病毒gE-/gI-/GFP+缺失株.研究了该缺失株的的安全性、在细胞上的生长特性以及对断奶仔猪的安全性、免疫原性等生物学特性.试验结果显示,缺失了gE-和gI-后,不影响其在RK细胞上的生长状况和病毒的滴度.该疫苗株对小鼠的半数致死量比亲本毒低且对家兔的致死性的时间延长了,这表明该疫苗的毒力比亲本毒有所下降.该缺失株对断奶仔猪安全,无不良接种反应,接种断奶仔猪能抵御高剂量PRV-SH株强毒的感染,攻毒后试验猪的发热期、散毒天数均低于对照组.该缺失株接种仔猪后在试验期间一直维持较高水平的中和抗体.     

伪狂犬病病毒上海株gE-/gI-/GFP+缺失株的生物学特性初步研究

在构建了伪狂犬病病毒上海株的缺失载体pgEI-GFP基础上,将pgEI-GFP转染感染了PRV-SH株的BHK-21细胞,待出现80%以上的细胞病变时收获病毒,并以绿色荧光蛋白为标志,通过蚀斑法得到纯化重组病毒gE-/gI-/GFP+缺失株.研究了该缺失株的的安全性、在细胞上的生长特性以及对断奶仔猪的安全性、免疫原性等生物学特性.试验结果显示,缺失了gE-和gI-后,不影响其在RK细胞上的生长状况和病毒的滴度.该疫苗株对小鼠的半数致死量比亲本毒低且对家兔的致死性的时间延长了,这表明该疫苗的毒力比亲本毒有所下降.该缺失株对断奶仔猪安全,无不良接种反应,接种断奶仔猪能抵御高剂量PRV-SH株强毒的感染,攻毒后试验猪的发热期、散毒天数均低于对照组.该缺失株接种仔猪后在试验期间一直维持较高水平的中和抗体.     

表达PRRSV M蛋白重组腺病毒的构建及其免疫特性研究

本研究通过RT-PCR方法扩增猪繁殖与呼吸综合征病毒(PRRSV)S1株的M蛋白基因,将其克隆重组到人 血清5型腺病毒载体中,转染293细胞,制备重组腺病毒rAd-M。RT-PCR和IFA方法鉴定,结果表明rAd-M可表 达M基因的mRNA和M蛋白。纯化的rAd-M重组腺病毒经293细胞连续传25代,滴度稳定为107.8 TCID50／ mL。动物免疫试验结果表明,该重组腺病毒rAd-M能够刺激机体产生PRRSV的特异性抗体免疫和细胞免疫应 答反应,从而为PRRSV结构蛋白功能及其基因工程疫苗研究奠定了基础。     

流行性乙型脑炎病毒的变异V．活疫苗弱毒株的生物学特性

继以前的工作,我们选择SA14-A弱毒变异株中的12-1-7号蚀斑病毒继续进行减毒和蚀斑纯化,获得了二株高度减毒而且毒力不易回升的弱毒株,其中一株5—3株的免疫原性较好,经人体免疫观察证明是安全有效的。5—3株的主要生物学特性如下： 1．在地鼠肾细胞内繁殖引起明显的细胞病变作用,病毒滴度一般可达10-6—10-7(TCID50／0．2毫升)。在琼脂覆盖下的鸡胚单层细胞内形成小于0．1厘米大小的点状蚀斑,蚀斑内细胞未完全破坏死亡。 2．对3周龄小白鼠和2—3公斤恒河猴脑内接种不引起发病和死亡,脑内病理改变较原强毒株显著减轻而且局限。 3．对1-3日龄乳小白鼠,无论脑内或皮下注射均有致病力,但致病力显著减弱,引起乳鼠死亡的毒力(LD50),脑内在3.0对数以下,皮下在2．0对数以下。 4．对3周龄小白鼠皮下注射,病毒只能在周围脏器内轻度繁殖随即消亡,而不能侵入脑内繁殖,脑组织内分离不到病毒,亦不引起病理改变。 5．在组织培养细胞内连续传10代,或在小白鼠脑内传3—5代,其残余毒力无明显回升。 6．对小白鼠皮下一次免疫后表现有较强的保护力。对豚鼠皮下免疫一次后表现有明显的中和抗体产生,阳转率为70—80％。1967年以来对5—3株进行了人群逐步扩大接种观察,结果未发现活疫苗引起的发热 反应和其他异常反应,人体抗体的阳转率为85—91％,人群流行病学效果保护率一般为80—90％,证明活疫苗是安全和有较好的免疫效果。但是5—3株尚存在着病毒滴度下降快,疫苗不稳定,需冷藏保存等缺点,因而往往影响疫苗大面积人体使用效果,需要进一步改进提高。     

鸡源和鹅源新城疫病毒在宿主细胞上的蚀斑形成特性及形态发生学比较

通过蚀斑形成试验比较鸡源(F48E9株)和鹅源(NA-1株)新城疫病毒在不同细胞的蚀斑形成能力,结果显示F48E9、NA-1两种病毒在Vero细胞、鸡胚成纤维细胞(CEF)和鹅胚成纤维细胞(GEF)上蚀斑形成能力存在明显的差异,在GEF上NA-1株的蚀斑形成能力强于F48E9株,而在CEF上弱于F48E9株,在Vero细胞上NA-1株的蚀斑形成能力稍强于F48E9株,表明病毒蚀斑形成特性与宿主种属特性一致。通过电镜观察两株病毒以相同感染量感染Vero细胞后的病毒形态发生过程。NA-1株和F48E9株病毒在Vero细胞中不同时段的形态发生的进程上存在区别,无论从出芽时间还是出芽后病毒囊膜的完整性上,NA-1株均优于F48E9株,提示NA-1株病毒对宿主环境的适应力较强。     

重组鸡γ_干扰素在昆虫细胞中的高效表达

将鸡γ-干扰素(ChIFN-γ)基因克隆到载体pFASTBAC1中,构建转移载体pFASTBAC1-ChIFN-γ,然后转化DH10Bac感受态大肠杆菌,通过位点特异性转座,将ChIFN-γ基因整合到Bacmid穿梭载体中,构建表达质粒Bacmid-ChIFN-γ;通过脂质体将表达质粒转染Sf9昆虫细胞,用间接免疫荧光试验鉴定重组鸡γ-干扰素(rChIFN-γ)的表达;通过水泡性口炎病毒感染鸡胚成纤维细胞(CEF)的细胞病变抑制试验,检测rChIFN-γ的活性。研究结果表明,感染重组杆状病毒的Sf9细胞能高效表达rChIFN-γ,且当每个细胞的感染量为1个病毒时,细胞在感染96h后,rChIFN-γ基因表达产物的活性最高,达到106~107.2U/mL。以rChIFN-γ进行对新城疫病毒(NDV)F48E8株、禽流感H5N1病毒(AIV-H5)和马立克氏病病毒(MDV)GA株的抗病毒活性试验,发现rChIFN-γ对AIV-H5和MDV GA株病毒有明显的抑制其致细胞病变作用,但对NDVF48E8株病毒在体外不能抑制其致细胞病变作用,仅能在病毒滴度上表现抑制效果。     

Impact of E1 and Cre on Adenovirus Vector Amplification: Developing MDCK CAV-2-E1 and E1-Cre Transcomplementing Cell Lines

Adenovirus vectors have been extensively studied through the manipulation of viral genome. However, little attention is being paid to their producer cell-lines; cells are selected according to virus yields, neglecting the expression profile of transcomplementing gene products underlying cell performance. This work evaluates the impact of E1 (E1A and E1B) and Cre recombinase levels in the production of E1-deleted and helper-dependent canine adenovirus type 2 (CAV-2) vectors using MDCK cells. E1A and E1B gene expression and Cre activity were evaluated in different cell clones and compared with the corresponding cell productivity and susceptibility to oxidative stress injury. CAV-2 production was proportional to E1A expression (the highest levels of E1A corresponding to productivities of 3000–5000 I.P./cell), while E1B prolonged host cell viability after infection, conferring protection against apoptosis. Cre recombinase counteracted E1B anti-apoptotic properties, however viral production was maintained under high levels of Cre. Yet, Cre recombinase side effects can be reduced using cell lines with lower Cre-activities, without compromising the excision efficiency of helper vector packaging signal. These results highlight the influence of transcomplementing gene products on CAV-2 producer cell line performance, and the ability to express high levels of E1A and E1B as an important feature for cell line establishment and high adenovirus titers.     

Ecdysone-inducible foreign gene expression in stably-transformed lepidopteran insect cells

Cultured cell lines that can be stably transformed with inducible gene constructs could prove extremely valuable for the continuous and economical production of recombinant proteins. Toward this goal, we have established 11 clones (designated NISES-BoMo-DK1 to 11) from a previously reported silkworm cell line, NISES-BoMo-DZ. Nine of these clonal lines showed a distinct morphological change. i.e., cell aggregation, in response to treatment with 1 microM 20-hydroxyecdysone (20E). DK10 cells transfected with various reporter assay plasmids under optimal conditions (i.e., 20-30% transfection efficiency) showed inducibility of gene expression by 20E. The 20E treatment of the prototypical DK10 cells resulted in a simultaneous, transient increase of the nuclear ecdysone (E) receptor levels. Further, this inducibility was also observed in a DK10 cell line stably transformed with the reporter plasmid that carries the hygromycin-resistance gene. This offers an opportunity to achieve efficient, continuous production of recombinant proteins. It could also allow high throughput screening for potential E agonists.     

Canine Adenovirus Type 2 Vector Generation via I-Sce1-Mediated Intracellular Genome Release

When canine adenovirus type 2 (CAdV-2, or also commonly referred to as CAV-2) vectors are injected into the brain parenchyma they preferentially transduce neurons, are capable of efficient axonal transport to afferent regions, and allow transgene expression for at last >1 yr. Yet, translating these data into a user-friendly vector platform has been limited because CAV-2 vector generation is challenging. Generation of E1-deleted adenovirus vectors often requires transfection of linear DNA fragments of >30 kb containing the vector genome into an E1-transcomplementing cell line. In contrast to human adenovirus type 5 vector generation, CAV-2 vector generation is less efficient due, in part, to a reduced ability to initiate replication and poor transfectibility of canine cells with large, linear DNA fragments. To improve CAV-2 vector generation, we generated an E1-transcomplementing cell line expressing the estrogen receptor (ER) fused to I-SceI, a yeast meganuclease, and plasmids containing the I-SceI recognition sites flanking the CAV-2 vector genome. Using transfection of supercoiled plasmid and intracellular genome release via 4-OH-tamoxifen-induced nuclear translocation of I-SceI, we improved CAV-2 vector titers 1,000 fold, and in turn increased the efficacy of CAV-2 vector generation.     

Production of canine adenovirus type 2 in serum-free suspension cultures of MDCK cells

The potential of adherent Madin Darby Canine Kidney (MDCK) cells for the production of influenza viruses and canine adenovirus type 2 (CAV-2) for vaccines or gene therapy approaches has been shown. Recently, a new MDCK cell line (MDCK.SUS2) that was able to grow in suspension in a fully defined system was established. In this work, we investigated whether the new MDCK.SUS2 suspension cell line is suitable for the amplification of CAV-2 under serum-free culture conditions. Cell growth performance and CAV-2 production were evaluated in three serum-free media: AEM, SMIF8, and EXCELL MDCK. CAV-2 production in shake flasks was maximal when AEM medium was used, resulting in an amplification ratio of infectious particles (IP) of 142 IP out/IP in and volumetric and cell-specific productivities of 2.1?×?10⁸ IP/mL and 482 IP/cell, respectively. CAV-2 production was further improved when cells were cultivated in a 0.5-L stirred tank bioreactor. To monitor infection and virus production, cells were analyzed by flow cytometry. A correlation between the side scatter measurement and CAV-2 productivity was found, which represents a key feature to determine the best harvesting time during process development of gene therapy vectors that do not express reporter genes. This work demonstrates that MDCK.SUS2 is a suitable cell substrate for CAV-2 production, constituting a step forward in developing a production process transferable to industrial scales. This could allow for the production of high CAV-2 titers either for vaccination or for gene therapy purposes.     

犬2型腺病毒E3区表达载体的构建

利用构建的犬2型腺病毒E3区缺失质粒pBE3L分别构建了含有和不含外源性启动子的绿色荧光蛋白（GFP）基因和在犬病病毒糖蛋白（Rgp）基因的重组表达质粒pBE3LGFP、pBE3LCGFP、pBE3LRgp和pBE3LCPgp,并分别对DK细胞进行了转染实验,以检测其表达,结果显示,pBE3LCGFP质粒在转染DK细胞后,于36h即可观察到荧光,72～96h无明显差别,传3代后仍可见表达荧光的细胞,pBE3LCRgp质粒转染DK细胞后,于48～96h用间接免疫荧光染色可检测到糖蛋白的表达,而pBE3LGFP和pBE3Rgp质粒转染DK细胞后经检测均无表达,表明构建的E3区缺失性载体不能利用E3区自身的启动子进行目的基因的表达,但利用外源性的启动子可使外源基因获得良好表达。     

Cav-1通过增加IncRNA HOTAIR的表达促进非小细胞肺癌细胞增殖

目的:探讨Cav-1对非小细胞肺癌(NSCLC)细胞增殖的影响及其分子机制。方法:取我院收治的2017年1月至2018年1月15例NSCLC患者手术切除的肺组织,并获取肺癌旁组织15例。实时定量PCR检测其中Cav-1和lncRNA HOTAIR的表达。进一步检测Cav-1和lncRNA HOTAIR在各肺癌细胞系中的表达。采用脂质体3000介导将si CAV-1和pcDNA3.1/CAV-1转染入NSCLC细胞系中,实时定量PCR检测lncRNA HOTAIR的表达,CCK-8检测细胞增殖。随后,将si HOTAIR以及pcDNA3.1/HOTAIR转染入CAV-1过表达的NSCLC细胞系中,CCK-8检测细胞增殖情况。结果:NSCLC患者手术切除的肺组织中CAV-1m RNA和HOTAIR lncRNA的表达均显著高于其在癌旁组织(P0.001)。与健康人肺组织上皮细胞系(NuLi-1)相比,各肺癌细胞系中CAV-1 m RNA和HOTAIR lncRNA的表达均显著增加,鳞状细胞癌细胞系(SK-MES-1)除外。si CAV-1显著降低NSCLC中CAV-1的表达(P0.01)以及其增殖能力,而pcDNA3.1/CAV-1显著增加NSCLC中CAV-1的表达(P0.01)以及其增殖。与对照si RNA相比,si CAV-1显著降低HOTAIR lncRNA的表达(P 0.05)。与对照质粒相比,pcDNA3.1/CAV-1显著增加HOTAIR lncRNA的表达(P0.01)。si HOTAIR可显著抑制NSCLC细胞增殖(P0.05),且可明显取消pcDNA3.1/CAV-1转染对NSCLC细胞增殖的促进作用(P0.05),而pcDNA3.1/HOTAIR可显著增加NSCLC细胞增殖(P0.05),且CAV-1过表达可增强pcDNA3.1/HOTAIR对NSCLC细胞增殖的促进作用(P0.05),而si CAV-1转染可抑制pcDNA3.1/HOTAIR对NSCLC细胞增殖的促进作用。结论:CAV-1通过上调lncRNA HOTAIR的表达促进肺癌细胞的增殖。     

Identification of Echovirus 1 and coxsackievirus A9 receptor molecules via a novel flow cytometric quantification method

BACKGROUND: Virus-receptor binding is an essential step in every virus infectious process. Many viruses employ more than one receptor molecule or even receptor complexes for attachment. In this study, we investigate the binding of Echovirus 1 (Echo1) and Coxsackievirus A9 (CAV-9) on cell surface molecules. CAV-9 has been reported to utilize integrin alpha v beta(3) in binding to cells, whereas Echo1 has been known to utilize integrin alpha 2 beta(1). METHODS AND RESULTS We directly test whether the presence of these molecules alone was sufficient for virus binding. We devised a novel flow cytometric binding assay that enables us to quantify virus particles bound on host cells and to further determine the extent to which viruses utilize specific receptors. CONCLUSIONS: By quantifying virus particles and possible receptor molecules, we found that Echo1 utilizes mainly integrin alpha 2 beta(1). CAV-9 utilizes integrin alpha v beta(3) to a much lesser extent (40%), indicating that CAV-9 also utilizes other receptor(s).     

The efficiency of adenovirus transformation of rodent cells is inversely related to the rate of viral E1A gene expression.

While the products of the type 5 adenovirus E1A and E1B genes can initiate pathways leading to a transformed rodent cell, little is known about how the rate of viral early gene expression influences the efficiency of this process. An adenovirus mutant [E1a(r) virus] that expresses its viral E1A and E1B genes at as much as a 100-fold-reduced rate relative to wild-type virus in infected CREF or HeLa cells transforms CREF cells at an 8-fold-higher efficiency than wild-type virus. Additional studies show that the reduction in viral E1A gene expression is solely responsible for this transformation phenotype, and at this low rate of viral E1A gene expression both E1A gene products must be expressed. Unlike previously characterized viruses which transform CREF cells at frequencies greater than wild-type virus, the foci obtained following E1a(r) virus infection were indistinguishable from those arising from wild-type virus by several criteria (morphological characteristics and anchorage-independent growth). Surprisingly, an analysis of viral early gene expression from a panel of wild-type- and E1a(r) virus-transformed CREF cell lines showed similar average rates of both viral E1A and E1B gene expression. By using an adenovirus-transformed cell line that is cold-sensitive for maintenance of the transformed cell phenotype, we show that both wild-type and the E1a(r) viruses can transform these cells at equally high efficiencies at the nonpermissive temperature of 32 degrees C. Our findings suggest that the process leading to a fully transformed cell involves multiple stages, with an early stage being facilitated by a reduced rate of viral E1A gene expression.     

犬冠状病毒S糖蛋白基因重组犬2型腺病毒的构建及其免疫原性研究

首次构建了能表达犬冠状病毒纤突糖蛋白(CCVS1)的重组犬2型腺病毒(CAV-2)。用RT-PCR方法从CCVDXMV株细胞培养物中扩增出编码S糖蛋白A、B、C和D4个抗原位点的基因片段S1,将其克隆到pVAX1中,然后将含有CCVS1基因的完整表达盒(CMV-S1-PolyA)进一步定向克隆到含有CAV-2E3区的穿梭质粒pVAXE3中,构建出pVAX△E3S1。通过SalⅠ NruⅠ双酶切pVAX△E3S1回收含有目的基因的表达盒,将其克隆入含有CAV-2全基因组的骨架质粒pPoly2-CAV-2中,获得重组质粒pCAV-2-CCV-S1。ClaⅠ AscⅠ酶切pCAV-2-CCV-S1释放重组基因组,转染MDCK细胞,获得了重组病毒CAV-2-S1。该重组病毒在MDCK细胞上能产生典型的腺病毒细胞病变。通过mRNA水平和Westernblot检测,证实重组病毒能表达CCVS1蛋白。动物免疫试验表明,该重组病毒可以有效地诱导免疫犬产生抗CCV和CAV-2抗体。