氨基甲酸酯杀虫剂灭蚜威及其与阿维菌素的混配制剂对美洲斑潜蝇的防治效果

田间试验表明 ,氨基甲酸酯新杀虫剂灭蚜威单剂与生物农药阿维菌素混剂对美洲斑潜蝇Liro myzasativae防治效果优良。 5 0 %灭蚜威可湿粉使用剂量 2 5g(a .i.) 667m2 的 3～ 1 1d校正防效为85 2 8%～ 86 3 9% ,1 8 75g(a.i.) 667m2 相应药效为 83 0 1 %～ 84 0 4%。 3种不同配比的灭蚜威与阿维菌素混剂使用剂量 1 0g(a .i.) 667m2 ,药后 3～ 1 1d防效为 85 90 %～ 90 3 3 % ,7 5g(a .i.) 667m2 相应药效为 83 48%～ 88 5 2 %。     

有机磷类杀虫剂对美洲斑潜蝇的防治效果

在山东青州以西葫芦为试验害虫寄主 ,测定了毒死蜱、三唑磷、乙酰甲胺磷、辛硫磷、马拉硫磷对美洲斑潜蝇幼虫LiriomyzasativaeBlanchard的田间防效。毒死蜱 (2 4g (a .i.) 667m2 )、三唑磷 (1 0g (a.i.) 667m2 )、乙酰甲胺磷 (2 0g (a .i.) 667m2 )第 3～ 7d校正防效为 97 0 9%～ 97 1 4% ,86 80 %～87 0 4% ,85 99%～ 86 2 5 %。此 6个处理药效顺序为毒死蜱 >三唑磷 >乙酰甲胺磷 (2 0g(a.i.) 667m2 )>乙酰甲胺磷 (1 5g(a.i.) 667m2 ) >辛硫磷 >马拉硫磷。在河南洛阳以甘蓝为试验害虫寄主 ,乙酰甲胺磷 (1 5g(a.i.) 667m2 )、敌敌畏 (2 5g(a.i.) 667m2 )、敌百虫 (4 5g(a .i.) 667m2 )对美洲斑潜蝇幼虫第 7d校正防效分别为 76 98% ,82 42 % ,71 1 1 %。毒死蜱对在不同寄主上美洲斑潜蝇的防效均较好     

氨基甲酸酯类杀虫剂灭蚜威对麦蚜的防治效果

田间试验表明 :氨基甲酸酯新杀虫剂灭蚜威是一种对麦蚜杀虫活性高的杀虫剂 ,2 5 %灭蚜威EC使用剂量 9 375～ 1 2 5g (a .i.) 667m2 ,药后 3～ 1 0d校正防效山东河南两地分别为 87 64%～ 98 38%和 89 95 %～ 97 66% ,6 2 5g (a .i.) 667m2 药后 7～ 1 0d防效分别为 87 68%～ 92 0 2 %和 88 91 %～94 4 6% ;5 0 %灭蚜威WP使用剂量 1 8 75～ 2 5g (a.i.) 667m2 ,药后 3～ 1 0d防效两地分别为 89 1 7%～99 4 5 %和 93 60 %～ 99 2 3% ,1 2 5g (a.i.) 667m2 药后 7～ 1 0d防效分别为 90 60 %～ 93 5 9%和 92 37%～ 93 5 0 %。     

阿维菌素、伊维菌素和芽孢杆菌对美洲斑潜蝇的防治效果

田间试验结果表明 ,阿维菌素对美洲斑潜Liriomyzasativae蝇幼虫防效较好 ,优于伊维菌素对美洲斑潜蝇的防效 ,可较好地控制美洲斑潜蝇幼虫的危害 ,而Btg,Bti,Bs不宜单独用于防治美洲斑潜蝇幼虫。阿维菌素用量为 0 2 7,0 3 6,0 45g (a .i.) 667m2 时 ,对美洲斑潜蝇幼虫防效第 7d校正防效为 65 %左右 ,施药后第 1 1d校正防效为 85 48%～ 99 0 5 % ,施药后第 1 5d校正防效为 90 94%～ 99 89%。伊维菌素 0 5g (a .i.) 667m2 施药后第 3 ,7,1 1d校正防效分别为 61 67% ,90 5 3 % ,90 93 % ,伊维菌素 0 2 5g(a i ) 667m2 相应防效为 5 7.71 % ,84 68% ,85 83 %。Btg ,Bti,Bs施药后第 3 ,7,1 1d校正防效为 3 3 88%～ 5 5 5 4%。     

甲氰菊酯与阿维菌素的混剂防治美洲斑潜蝇田间试验

田间试验表明 ,1 9%甲氰·阿维EC 9 5g (a .i.) 667m2 对美洲斑潜蝇LiriomyzasativaeBlanchard的校正防效药后 3～ 1 1d为 87 2 2 %～ 91 3 2 % ;7 1 2 5g (a.i.) 667m2 药后 3～ 1 1d为 81 2 9%～ 85 1 0 % ;9 5g (a .i.) 667m2 药后 3～ 1 1d防效显著优于单剂甲氰菊酯 ,药后 3～ 7d显著优于单剂阿维菌素 ,药后11d防效与阿维菌素无显著区别。 1 5 %甲氰·阿维EC 7 5g (a .i.) 667m2 对美洲斑潜蝇的校正防效药后3～ 1 1d为 85 5 9%～ 89 0 9% ;5 62 5g (a .i.) 667m2 药后 3～ 1 1d为 77 1 5 %～ 85 95 %。 1 0 %甲氰·阿维EC 7 5g (a .i.) 667m2 对美洲斑潜蝇的校正防效药后 3～ 1 1d为 85 5 9%～ 89 0 9% ;5 62 5g (a .i.) 667m2 药后 3～ 1 1d为 77 1 5 %～ 85 95 %。混剂的药效基本随有效成分含量的提高而提高。     

杀虫威对棉铃虫、烟青虫、菜青虫的防治效果

田间试验表明 ,新氨基甲酸酯杀虫剂杀虫威对鳞翅目害虫棉铃虫、菜青虫、烟青虫防治效果优良。杀虫威 2 0 %EC在河南防治 2代棉铃虫使用剂量 1 0g (a.i.) 667m2 药后 2～ 7d ,校正防效为90 65 %～ 97 72 % ,在山东药后 3～ 5d ,防效为 85 1 7%～ 91 2 3 % ,7 5g (a .i.) 667m2 相应药效两地分别为 88 41 %～ 95 2 7%和 81 40 %～ 85 61 % ;防治 3代棉铃虫使用剂量 2 0g (a.i.) 667m2 药后 2～ 5d ,防效两地分别为 83 93 %～ 86 1 5 %和 85 5 3 %～ 88 2 9% ,1 5g (a .i.) 667m2 相应药效分别为 77 66%～80 2 3 %和 78 5 0 %～ 83 75 %。防治烟青虫使用剂量 1 0g (a.i.) 667m2 药后 3～ 7d校正防效为 85 5 7%～ 88 2 9% ,7 5g (a .i.) 667m2 相应药效为 81 5 1 %～ 86 1 1 %。防治菜青虫使用剂量 7 5～ 1 0g (a .i.) 667m2 药后 3～ 7d防效为 87 5 0 %～ 96 1 1 %。     

氯氟氰菊酯与阿维菌素增效混配制剂对美洲斑潜蝇的防治效果

低毒化学杀虫剂氯氟氰菊酯与生物源农药阿维菌素混配,通过其对美洲斑潜蝇室内毒力实验,测定共毒系数CTC为161～232,处于明显增效范围内。据此确定最佳配比,配制此增效混剂2%渗透型可湿性粉剂。在北京、山东两地防治美洲斑潜蝇幼虫的田间试验表明药效优良,制剂用量50 g/667m²药后3、7、11天两地区校正防效分别为85.26%～90.76%和86.74%～94.02%,制剂用量25g/667m2两地区相应防效分别为75.28%～85.17%、79.96%～88.68%。该增效混剂防治斑潜蝇速效性和持效性皆佳,成本有所下降,使用可湿粉与乳油相比较,可减少投放入环境的化学品数量,以减少环境污染。     

毒死蜱与阿维菌素增效混配制剂对斑潜蝇属害虫的防治效果

通过有机磷杀虫剂毒死蜱与生物源农药阿维菌素混配制剂对美洲斑潜蝇Liriomyza sativae室内毒力实验,测定共毒系数为165～234,处于明显增效范围内。据此确定最佳配比和次佳配比,配制该增效混剂30%渗透型可湿性粉剂-1和-02,在山东防治美洲斑潜蝇幼虫的田间试验表明药效优良。制剂用量50 g/667m²药后3,7,11天,两可湿粉的校正防效分别为90.43%～91.71%和87.09%～90.53%,可湿粉-1用量25 g/667m²防效为85.96%～88.28%,可湿粉-2用量37.5 g/667m²相应校正防效为84.01%～85.38%,两增效混剂防治斑潜蝇速效性和持效性皆佳,成本有所下降,且对南美洲斑潜蝇L. huidobrensis亦有较好防效。使用可湿粉与乳油相比较可减少投放入环境的化学品数量。     

三种杀虫剂对麦田蚜虫和天敌的影响

通过对施用杀虫剂吡虫啉、抗蚜威、广谱性杀虫剂氧化乐果对麦田蚜虫和天敌的影响进行分析 ,结果表明 ,施用杀虫剂对麦田蚜虫防效高 ,对其天敌有保护作用 ,且瓢蚜比降低。使用 1 0 %吡虫啉( 1 0g 667m2 )后 5～ 2 5天瓢蚜比为 1∶34～ 1∶1 70 ;用 50 %抗蚜威 ( 5g 667m2 )后 1 0～ 2 0天瓢蚜比为 1∶31～1∶1 95;而广谱性杀虫剂氧化乐果 ( 50mL 667m2 )对麦田蚜虫防效好 ,对天敌杀伤力大 ,药后 1 5天瓢蚜比为1∶2 65。施用化学农药可使蚜茧蜂寄生率提高。     

0.4%根施净颗粒剂防治烟蚜田间药效和减轻烟草病毒病的试验

在烟苗移裁期应用0.4％根施净颗粒剂根区施药防治烟蚜进行了试验,试验表明,应用1—3kg／667m。施药后59天和82天防蚜效果分别为97．4—99．8和79．3—88．5％,不同用药量间差别不大,同期内使用5％涕灭威颗粒剂(1kg／667m。)防治烟蚜效果仅为44．1和15．4％,从防蚜效果和经济考虑建议使用1kg／667m。药量为宜,调查表明：在早期防治蚜虫也明显地减轻烟草病毒病的发生。     

A Unique Protease Cleavage Site Predicted in the Spike Protein of the Novel Pneumonia Coronavirus (2019-nCoV) Potentially Related to Viral Transmissibility

正Dear Editor,In December 2019, a novel human coronavirus caused an epidemic of severe pneumonia(Coronavirus Disease 2019,COVID-19) in Wuhan, Hubei, China(Wu et al. 2020; Zhu et al. 2020). So far, this virus has spread to all areas of China and even to other countries. The epidemic has caused 67,102 confirmed infections with 1526 fatal cases     

Curcuminoids as inhibitors of thioredoxin reductase: A receptor based pharmacophore study with distance mapping of the active site

Curcumin is the yellow pigment of turmeric that interacts irreversibly forming an adduct with thioredoxin reductase (TrxR), an enzyme responsible for redox control of cell and defence against oxidative stress. Docking at both the active sites of TrxR was performed to compare the potency of three naturally occurring curcuminoids, namely curcumin, demethoxy curcumin and bis-demethoxy curcumin. Results show that active sites of TrxR occur at the junction of E and F chains. Volume and area of both cavities is predicted. It has been concluded by distance mapping of the most active conformations that Se atom of catalytic residue SeCYS498, is at a distance of 3.56 from C13 of demethoxy curcumin at the E chain active site, whereas C13 carbon atom forms adduct with Se atom of SeCys 498. We report that at least one methoxy group in curcuminoids is necessary for interation with catalytic residues of thioredoxin. Pharmacophore of both active sites of the TrxR receptor for curcumin and demethoxy curcumin molecules has been drawn and proposed for design and synthesis of most probable potent antiproliferative synthetic drugs.     

Comparative morphology of the carpel in the Liliaceae: Hewardieae, Petrosavieae, and Tricyrteae

The young pistils in the melanthioid tribes, Hewardieae, Petrosavieae and Tricyrteae, are uniformly tricarpellate and syncarpous. They lack raphide idioblasts. All are multiovulate, with bitegmic ovules. The Petrosavieae are marked by the presence of septal glands and incomplete syncarpy. Tepals and stamens adhere to the ovary in the Hewardieae and the Petrosavieae but not in the Tricyrteae. Two vascular bundles occur in the stamens of the Hewartlieae and Tricyrtis latifolia. Ventral bundles in the upper part of the ovary of the Hewardieae are continuous with compound septal bundles and placental bundles in the lower part. Putative ventral bundles occur in the alternate position in the Tricyrteae and putative placental bundles in the opposite. position in the Petrosavieae. The dichtomously branched stigma in each carpel of the Tricyrteae is supplied by a bifurcated dorsal bundle.     

Enterovirus 71 3C proteolytically processes the histone H3 N-terminal tail during infection

Highlights
1. The N-terminal tail of histone H3 is specifically cleaved during EV71 infection.
2. Viral protease 3C is identified as a protease responsible for proteolytically processing the N-terminal H3 tail.
3. Our finding reveals a new epigenetic regulatory mechanism for Enterovirus 71 in virus-host interactions.     

Detection of EBV and HHV6 in the Brain Tissue of Patients with Rasmussen’s Encephalitis

Rasmussen’s encephalitis (RE) is a rare pediatric neurological disorder, and the exact etiology is not clear. Viral infection may be involved in the pathogenesis of RE, but conflicting results have reported. In this study, we evaluated the expression of both Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) and human herpes virus (HHV) 6 antigens in brain sections from 30 patients with RE and 16 control individuals by immunohistochemistry. In the RE group, EBV and HHV6 antigens were detected in 56.7% (17/30) and 50% (15/30) of individuals, respectively. In contrast, no detectable EBV and HHV6 antigen expression was found in brain tissues of the control group. The co-expression of EBV and HHV6 was detected in 20.0% (6/30) of individuals. In particular, a 4-year-old boy had a typical clinical course, including a medical history of viral encephalitis, intractable epilepsy, and hemispheric atrophy. The co-expression of EBV and HHV6 was detected in neurons and astrocytes in the brain tissue, accompanied by a high frequency of CD8⁺ T cells. Our results suggest that EBV and HHV6 infection and the activation of CD8⁺ T cells are involved in the pathogenesis of RE.     

Perinatal Vertical Transmission of Chikungunya Virus in Ruili,a Town on the Border between China and Myanmar

正Dear Editor,Chikungunya virus (CHIKV), an arbovirus in the family of Togaviridae, genus Alphavirus, is transmitted by the A.aegyptii or A. albopictus mosquito, and causes disease in humans characterized by fever, rash, and arthralgia (Silva and Dermody 2017; Suhrbier 2019). It was first reported in 1953 in Tanzania, and caused only a few outbreaks and sporadic cases in Africa and Asia in last century. However, in the epidemic in 2004, CHIKV acquired mutations that conferred enhanced transmission by the A. albopictus mosquito(Schuffenecker et al. 2006). Since then, it has successively caused outbreaks in Africa, the Indian Ocean, South East Asia, the South America, and Europe (Zeller et al. 2016).     

Development of a Novel Reverse Transcription Loop-Mediated Isothermal Amplification Method for Rapid Detection of SARS-CoV-2

In conclusion, the novel visual RT-LAMP assay is a simple, rapid, and sensitive approach for detection of SARS-CoV-2, and it is ready for application in primary care and community hospitals or health care centers, and even patients' own houses in response to the current SARS-CoV-2 epidemic because the assay does not require sophisticated equipment and skilled personnel. Furthermore, it is also ready to be used in fields for screening samples from wild animals and environments to facilitate the identification of potential intermediate hosts that mediate the cross-species transmission of SARS-CoV-2 from bats to humans.